Powerful Class Research Articles

Time-varying Zames–Falb multipliers for LTI Systems are superfluous

In this note it is shown that J. Willems’ and R. Brockett’s time-varying version of the powerful multiplier class of R. O’Shea, G. Zames and P. Falb does not enhance absolute stability tests for Lur’e interconnections with sector-bounded nonlinearities if the main plant is time-invariant.

OS03.4.A In vivo dynamics and anti-tumor effects of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells against brain metastases from lung cancer

Abstract Background Lung cancer patients are at a particularly high risk for brain metastases, and a considerable number of affected patients succumb due to their intracranial disease. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells emerged as a powerful class of cell-based immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether CAR T-cells also represent a safe and effective therapeutic option for brain metastases. Material and Methods A fully syngeneic orthotopic cerebral metastasis model in mice was established by combining a chronic cranial window with repetitive intracerebral two-photon laser scanning microscopy. This approach enabled the in vivo characterization of red fluorescent CAR T-cells and tumor cells on a single-cell level over weeks. Intraparenchymal injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells (expressing the tumor cell-antigen EpCAM) was performed, and CAR T-cells directed against EpCAM (EpCAMCAR T-cells) were injected into the adjacent brain parenchyma after solid brain tumors have formed. Results All mice had visible tumor take four days after the intracranial tumor cell injection, and rapid growth of solitary lesions was seen in the following days. No toxicities mediated by intracranially injected EpCAMCAR T-cells were encountered. In mice treated with EpCAMCAR T-cells, we initially observed substantial CAR T-cell accumulation within the tumor compared to controls (median number: 1700 versus 939 cells/mm2; p = 0.007). This was paralleled by lower velocities of EpCAMCAR T-cells, characterizing T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity due to long-lasting contacts between effector immune cells and tumor cells. Consequently, treatment with EpCAMCAR T-cells resulted in reduced tumorous growth as determined per in vivo microscopy (median tumor area on day 10: 1.8 versus 10.8 mm2; p = 0.001) and immunohistochemistry of excised brains (median tumor volume on day 10: 3.6 versus 33.2 mm3; p = 0.001). However, the number of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells within the tumor markedly decreased during the observation period, pointing towards insufficient persistence of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells. In line with these findings, survival was prolonged in mice receiving EpCAMCAR T-cells but long-lasting remission was rare (median survival: 15 versus 13 days; p = 0.012). Conclusion Our findings indicate that CAR T-cells injected into the cerebral parenchyma may induce relevant anti-tumor effects in brain metastases from lung cancer. Due to the translational nature of our study, prospective clinical cohorts appear warranted. Strategies improving the intratumoral persistence of CAR T-cells in brain metastases may be utilized to further boost the success of such promising therapy.

Class Power in Hard Times: Excavating Nicos Poulantzas’s Theory of the Capitalist State through the History of the 2007–2008 Crisis

After the 2007–8 financial crisis, the fortunes of the American financial class remained surprisingly secure. This owed to the state’s extraordinary set of bailout measures. How do we theoretically make sense of the state’s class bias? Most prevailing state theories are agnostic to class. This is a sharp departure from their neo-Marxist predecessors, particularly Nicos Poulantzas, who argued that capitalist states support the dominant class faction. To recenter the politics of class, I discuss Poulantzas’s ideas in the context of the 2007–8 crisis in the United States. Arguing against criticisms that he was functionalist and ahistorical, I show how he theorized moments of historical change. To demonstrate the utility of his ideas in recent history, I apply them to the history of the capitalist crisis of the 1970s when dominant form of capital shifted from big industry to finance. I then discuss some ways that state responses to financial crises effectively safeguarded this class. This article casts a new theoretical light on the history of the 2007–8 crisis and seeks to revive an interest in a radical theory of the capitalist state.

Process Skills through Student Worksheet Based on Around Nature in Materials Temperature and Heat

Physics is the knowledge that studies physical events that include processes, products, and scientific attitudes that are cyclic, and interconnected, and explains how natural phenomena are measured through observation and research. The learning outcomes of students' Physics process skills could not be said to be fully successful. This study aims to describe and determine the differences in students' physics process skills through the LKS based on Natural Exploration (JAS) on the subject matter of temperature and heat at SMAN 2 XIII Koto Kampar. The research design used in this study was an intact-group comparison design. The data collection technique in this study was giving tests to the experimental class and control class, after learning through LKS based on Exploring the Surroundings. The average absorption power of the experimental class is 80% in the good category, while the control class is 74% in the good category. Based on students' absorption, it can be said that the effectiveness of learning in the experimental class and control class is effective. Classical student learning completeness in the experimental class is 84% and in the control class is 62.5% otherwise incomplete. The classical completeness of the process skill indicator in the experimental class is 100% and in the control class is 75%. In classical completeness, the indicator of process skills in the experimental class is declared complete and the control class is declared incomplete. After the t-test was conducted, it was found that there was a significant difference in physics process skills through LKS based on Exploring the Surroundings by using ordinary LKS.

A radio-frequency generator for ion thrusters based on a Class-E power circuit

Operating a radio-frequency ion thruster (RIT) requires a high frequency current flowing through an induction coil in order to ignite and maintain an inductively coupled plasma discharge (ICP). Several methods to create that current have been demonstrated and evaluated regarding complexity, flexibility and efficiency. Especially in space applications reliability and minimal power loss is crucial to comply to strict mission requirements. As one of the leanest concepts in terms of required components and nevertheless highest possible efficiency, the Class-E power circuit has proven itself as a well suited radio-frequency generator (RFG) of a RIT system. However, electrical performance and especially electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) during operation have not been evaluated, but are essential if the system is intended for use in space. In order to fill this gap and bring the Class-E circuit into the fold of established RFG concepts, a prototype was designed, built, and used to operate a RIT-10. For reference, a conventional Half-Bridge RFG was tested under the same operating conditions. Further investigations are concerned with EMC behaviour of both devices and show that Class-E circuit exhibits significantly lower electromagnetic emission during operation compared to the Half-Bridge reference.

Performing an ethos of a dominant Black woman in Paris through body and language: passing at the intersection of race, gender, and class

This article aims to illuminate the social meanings of passing experiences through the practice of whitization (or whitening, i.e. speaking and behaving like a White person) among upper-class African Black women in postcolonial France at the intersection of race, gender, and class. I analyze the role of body and language in the process of political emancipation in a Cameroonian female activist, who is a consultant in the field of African fashion and luxury in Paris. After defining whitization as a form of passing, the article analyzes the phonetic and bodily markers of whitening processes among the Black female subject in three interactions in front of different audiences. I show how multiple semiotic forms are used by the doubly minoritized subject to perform simultaneously a dominant Black woman ethos and a cosmopolitan Black beauty, which partially conforms to Western canons of beauty so as to subvert race, gender, and class power structures.

Causal Inference of Social Experiments Using Orthogonal Designs

Orthogonal arrays are a powerful class of experimental designs that has been widely used to determine efficient arrangements of treatment factors in randomized controlled trials. Despite its popularity, the method is seldom used in social sciences. Social experiments must cope with randomization compromises such as noncompliance that often prevent the use of elaborate designs. We present a novel application of orthogonal designs that addresses the particular challenges arising in social experiments. We characterize the identification of counterfactual variables as a finite mixture problem in which choice incentives, rather than treatment factors, are randomly assigned. We show that the causal inference generated by an orthogonal array of incentives greatly outperforms a traditional design.

Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers.

Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.

고려 무신집권기 유통경제의 성격

The period of Military Rule in Goryeo is the period when various aspects of the distribution economy in the late Goryeo period appear. In the period of Military Rule, public power was relaxed in various fields including politics. The appearance of public power relaxation appears as paralysis of Gyongsiseo’s function, embezzlement of officials, bribery, and the gambling of the bandits. The private distribution economy, which was maintained under the control of public power, was activated in the relaxation of public power. The development of private distribution economy led to various illegal activities by the power class in conjunction with the relaxation of public power. In the era of the Military Rule, the powerful actively participated in the private distribution economy. They sold the products of the large farm, or adjusted the merchants behind the scenes, participating in domestic commercial activities, and securing the necessary luxury goods through foreign trade. On the other hand, in the period of the Military Rule, a new form of gift receipt emerged among bureaucrats as a complementary method of distribution economy. The private distribution area centered on the ruling class spread more in the late Goryeo period, as the state’s control over the distribution economy has fallen from the Military Rule. The state also actively participated in the trend of development of private distribution area. In the late Goryeo period, privately owned permanent stores increased in the situation of increasing investment and monopoly on commercial activities of privileged forces. The growth of merchants was also remarkable in the development of the distribution economy. The wealthy merchant of the late Goryeo period grew through activities as agents of the ruling class, private connection with the ruling class, or independent economic activities. On the other hand, the development of the distribution economy has led to the differentiation of merchants, and the activities of small merchants as well as the wealthy merchant have gradually increased.

Requirements on Satellite Access Node and User Equipment for Non‐Terrestrial Networks in 5G New Radio of 3GPP Release‐17

SummaryFor the first time, 3GPP considered in Release‐17 the introduction of mobile satellite service (MSS) frequency bands for 3GPP user equipment (UE) direct connectivity with satellites and had to consider the coexistence in adjacent bands with terrestrial networks (TNs). This paper will further explain the most challenging and the main surprising outcomes of this work, which opened new market opportunities for both terrestrial and nonterrestrial stakeholders. 5G New Radio nonterrestrial networks (NTNs) for satellite communications are representing a major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication for the capability of reuniting two different types of services, that is, terrestrial and nonterrestrial, by reusing the same waveform and potentially the same type of terminal. One of the major conclusions of the 5G NR NTN 3GPP work in Release‐17 was that NTN UE could reuse the current requirements of the TN UE. For this reason, the same terminal can connect to both TNs and to nonterrestrial satellite constellations. Consequently, the market is not fragmented and therefore there will be a real opportunity for both terrestrial and satellite operators to increase the coverage and the quality of the service all over the world. This is one of the most important breakthroughs that 3GPP Release‐17 work was able to justify because it clearly shows that satellite connectivity using 5G NR technology is not only for dedicated satellite 5G NR UE with a higher power class. On the other hand, the 3GPP work also shows that the satellite connectivity does not require a dedicated satellite waveform, because 5G NR waveform based on CP‐OFDM (for downlink) and DFT‐s‐OFDM (for uplink) is sufficient. Another important finding is that TN can coexist with NTN on adjacent channels with relaxed ACIR requirements for the tested simulation scenarios. In fact, the satellite 5G NR requirements are lower when compared with terrestrial base station (BS) requirements from previous 3GPP releases. The satellite ecosystem tremendously changed after these findings, and both satellite and terrestrial stakeholders now see a potential market opportunity.

Pengaruh Hasil Belajar Dasar Listrik dan Elektronika, Motivasi, dan Kesiapan Siswa terhadap Hasil Praktik Kerja Industri:

This research is a type of quantitative research that aims to determine whether there is an effect of practical learning outcomes, student motivation and student readiness on the results of industrial work practices for students in the Electrical Power class SMKN 2 Serang City and how big the effect is. The research method used is quantitative research which consists of 4 variables, namely Basic Electrical and Electronics Learning Outcomes (X1), Learning Motivation (X2), Student Readiness (X3), Industrial Work Practice Results (Y). The data were taken using questionnaires, tests, and final grades of students which were then processed using the SPSS data analysis application. The results of the study show that there is no effect between basic electrical and electronic learning outcomes on industrial work practice results with a value of sig (0.279 > 0.05), student learning motivation has an influence on students' industrial work practice results with a value of sig (0.026 < 0.05), student readiness has an influence on the results of industrial work practices with a sig value (0.045 < 0.05). Based on the results of the analysis showed that the basic learning outcomes of electricity and electronics, learning motivation and student readiness had an effect of 0.071 or 7.1% unit.
 Keywords: The Influence Of Electricity And Electronics Basic Learning Outcomes, Students' Motivation, And Readiness On Industrial Work Practice Outcomes

Asymmetric C-H and N-H Functionalization of Indoles Involving Central Chirality via Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis

Abstract: The C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles is an interesting area of research that has a useful impact on organic synthesis due to the availability of chiral indole scaffolds in the discovery of drugs, synthetic bioactive compounds, and natural products. The chiral phosphoric acid catalysts (CPAs) have proven to be a powerful and versatile class of enantioselective organocatalysts. Many asymmetric syntheses of organic compounds have been carried out with these catalysts in C-C and CN bond formation reactions, and great progress has been reported. By 2011, several reviews were published covering some important topics and recent achievements in this field. Therefore, in this review, the most recent advances, research breakthroughs with key examples involving mechanisms of CPA-catalyzed C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles to form central chirality via Friedel Crafts, Michael type, and rearrangement reactions were reviewed and reported.

A new design for mode transfer-based harmonic tuned power amplifier (MHPA)

Available onlineThis paper presents the design, implementation and measurement results for a 0.8–2.1 GHz Mode transfer-based Harmonic tuned Power Amplifier (MHPA). The design based on a new combination of the hybrid modes. The proposed design approach uses the mode transfer technique to combine two harmonic tuned power amplifier modes, i.e., classes F3 and F3-1, in order to obtain a broadband hybrid mode PA. First, theoretical limitations of maximum attainable Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) in a single mode harmonic tuned PA (HTPA) are investigated where we have n harmonic impedances and there is no overlapping between harmonics. Then, mode transfer technique is applied to overcome bandwidth restriction of F3 and F3-1 modes of HTPA. As a result, the maximum FBW in a single mode HTPA with 3 harmonic impedances is improved from 40 % to 66 % (equivalent to one octave) when it being used in a hybrid structure. To evaluate the proposed design approach, a broadband PA, which is working at one octave bandwidth (1–2 GHz), is designed and fabricated. Performance of the designed MHPA is acceptable at the 0.8–2.1 GHz frequency band. Experimental results show that the designed MHPA achieves 89.9 % maximum and 76.3 % average drain efficiency in the 0.8–2.1 GHz frequency band.

Atmospheric pressure plasma‐jet treatment of polyacrylonitrile‐nonwovens—Stabilization and roll‐to‐roll processing

AbstractCarbon nanofiber nonwovens represent a powerful class of materials with prospective application in filtration technology or as electrodes with high surface area in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. While new precursor‐to‐carbon conversion processes have been explored to overcome productivity restrictions for carbon fiber tows, alternatives for the two‐step thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are absent. In this work, we develop a continuous roll‐to‐roll stabilization process using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet. We explore the influence of various plasma‐jet parameters on the morphology of the nonwoven and compare the stabilized nonwoven to thermally stabilized samples using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. We show that stabilization with a non‐equilibrium plasma‐jet can be twice as productive as the conventional thermal stabilization in a convection furnace, while producing electrodes of comparable electrochemical performance.

On the c-differential spectrum of power functions over finite fields

Recently, a new concept called multiplicative differential was introduced by Ellingsen et al. Inspired by this pioneering work, power functions with low c-differential uniformity were constructed. Wang and Zheng (Several classes of PcN power functions over finite fields, arXiv:2104.12942) defined the c-differential spectrum of a power function. In this paper, we present some properties of the c-differential spectrum of a power function. Then we apply these properties to investigate the c-differential spectra of some power functions. A new class of APcN function is also obtained.

Friends and foes: rethinking the party and Chinese big tech

ABSTRACT This article adopts an analytical framework that prioritises the importance and contingent nature of class power and relations in competitive global capitalism, explaining the ways in which power struggles amongst key interests over material gains have produced volatile relationships between the CCP and Chinese tech conglomerates. In doing so, this article contributes to the literature on Chinese state capitalism and debates around the Chinese state’s recent crackdown on private tech capital. In contrast to Chinese state capitalist models, which posit the Party as dominating over market forces, I argue that the actual patterns of collaboration and confrontation between the Party and private tech capital, which oscillate from time to time, can be better understood in relation to the contingent power and leverage exercised by state actors and private capital at particular points in time. Influencing these interactions are important structural forces within and beyond China, which have transformed domestic and international landscapes for development. In this analytical framework, the state–capital relationship in China is understood to be volatile, varied and far from unidirectional; it is subject to changing narratives of national interests and is influenced by dispersed sources of power and contention over the control of essential assets.

Suicidal Economy of Turkey in Times of Crisis: 2018 Crisis and Beyond

This article aims to explain the political-economic character of the increasing suicides in Turkey since 2018 that stem from indebtedness, poverty, and unemployment. It frames the acts as economy-relevant suicides to emphasize the embeddedness of these suicides within the neoliberal transformation and its consequences at the global and national levels. In this regard, the study traces the trajectory of neoliberalism in Turkey from 1980 to the COVID-19 pandemic, and critically evaluates the political and economic decisions of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government to reveal the causal links with the increasing number of suicides. The study argues that two aspects of neoliberalization have paved the way for the post-2018 suicides: the declining political and economic power of the working class and the outcomes of financialization such as long-term unemployment and indebtedness. Thus, it argues that economy-relevant suicides are pathologic but depict political character, regardless of their effectiveness as a political strategy, given the consequences of the neoliberal transformation and political choices in due course.

On a generalization of multiplicative Sincov's equation for fuzzy implication functions

Characterizations of families of fuzzy implication functions are a necessary step to fully understand the behaviour of the members of the family, their potential applicability and their relations with other families. These characterizations are based on additional algebraical properties that completely define the family. Recently, the class of power based implications was characterized through, among others, the property I(x,y)⋅I(y,z)=I(x,z) in a concrete sub-domain. This property, called in the literature also as multiplicative Sincov's equation, was uncommon to other families, and it was studied in-depth in a previous article. This equality is generalized in this paper by understanding the internal product as the product t-norm and changing it to a general arbitrary continuous Archimedean t-norm. This additional property is analyzed jointly with the weak ordering property or the ordering property, leading to a characterization of those fuzzy implication functions satisfying both additional properties.

‘The enemy within': football hooliganism and the Miners' Strike

ABSTRACT During the 1980s Margaret Thatcher’s government attempted to reduce the economic power of the industrial working class by legislating against the trade unions and defeating the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike, which saw her brand the miners as the ‘enemy within’. At the time English football was an important part of male working-class culture, particularly for northern industrial workers and was coming under attack from the Government and press over football hooliganism. It has often been argued that Thatcher’s trade union policies were designed to break the economic power of the industrial working class. If, through comparison, a link between this policy and the treatment of football supporters is found it will determine whether this conflict had a cultural aspect. Scholars have anecdotally made this link previously, but there has not been sufficient analysis of the comparison. This treatment will not analyse any actual links between the trade union movement and football supporters, but will focus on the Government and press treatment of football and trade unions and assess whether the Government was seeking to bind the two issues together.

Estimation of multivariate asymmetric power GARCH models

We suggest a new class of multivariate power transformed asymmetric models. It includes several functional forms of multivariate GARCH models which are of great interest in financial modeling and time series literature. We provide an explicit necessary and sufficient condition to establish the strict stationarity of the model. The asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters are established. The asymptotic results are illustrated by Monte Carlo experiments and an application to real financial data is studied.