Power Time Synchronization Research Articles

The novel transmission scheme with CAT Ethernet cable and SFP for White Rabbit

White Rabbit (WR) is a deterministic Ethernet-based network for general-purpose data transfer and sub-nanosecond time synchronization in large distributed systems. WR has been used in Large Hadron Collider and Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory for physics experiment. WR mainly uses the optical fiber for data transmission between WR devices. Commercial off-the-shelf Direct Attach Cable is not suitable for WR network at 100 m level distance. Considering the lower cost of Category (CAT) Ethernet cable compared to optical fiber and the demand of remote power supply in distributed system at 100 m level length, we developed a novel transmission scheme with CAT Ethernet cable for WR. The novel transmission scheme uses the CAT Ethernet cable and small form-factor pluggable connector which is compatible with the optical links. This scheme only uses two pairs of twisted lines in the CAT Ethernet cable for data uplink and downlink. The other two pairs of twisted lines are used for remote power supply. The novel transmission scheme could use the CAT Ethernet cable to complete remote power supply and time synchronization with expected time offset of less than 100 ps and standard deviation of less than 20 ps in the WR distributed system. The distance of distributed nodes could be 80 m with one CAT 7 Ethernet cable or 150 m with relay transceiver connecting two CAT 7 Ethernet cables. In the short-distance scenarios, the novel transmission scheme has lower cost than the optical fiber and additional power supply function.

On-line Detection Method of Power Quality Detection Device Based on High-precision Standard Time Synchronization Technology

To improve power quality and improve the operational efficiency and accuracy of industrial automation machinery, the on-line detection method of power quality detection device based on high precision standard time synchronization technology is studied. Firstly, the research situation of power quality and time synchronization technology is briefly analyzed, and the Network Time Protocol (NTP) time synchronization technology and the calculation method of basic power quality are introduced. Then, based on the high-precision standard time synchronization technology, the system scheme of the power quality detection device is designed. Finally, the system is tested, and the test results are in line with the test expectation, indicating that the system can make a particularly accurate measurement of power quality. The power quality detection system designed in this research improved the detection performance of power quality and is of great significance to the research on online detection of power quality.

Implementation of ITREE-MAC Protocol for Effective Power Management and Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

The advent of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has led in recent revolutionary modifications in electronic and communication systems .Various applications in wireless network needs time synchronization as a basic requirement. Wireless sensor nodes are tiny in size and operated at low energy to record the required physical parameters for low-duty apps. Because nodes have a tiny battery with a lower life span, power management is crucial for long-term working with the sensors. Wireless Sensor Network is a set of sensor nodes used to send and receive data packets from one sensor node to another. This work aims to propose three protocols such as Receiver Centric MAC protocol (RC-MAC), Improved Receiver Centric MAC protocol (IRC-MAC) and Intelligent Traffic and Resource Elastic Energy MAC protocol (ITREE-MAC) for the WSN environment and based on the application. These protocols help in studying the parametric measures such as delay, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and throughput. The comparative analysis is carried out to select the more efficient protocol for the application of wireless sensor networks. This research work is implemented and simulated by using NS 2.35 Simulator. Based on the simulation results obtained for proposed protocols using the NS2 simulator. The performance of ITREE-MAC protocol shows better results for parameters end to end delay, energy consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio. So the overall performance of ITREE-MAC protocol is much better than other three IEEE802.11 MAC, RC-MAC and IRC-MAC protocols. As per results obtained, energy consumption is less in ITREE-MAC protocol and save the power in wireless sensor network applications

Design and Its Application of Power Time Synchronization Management System Based on TMU and IEC61850 Protocol

By deploying the TMU device at stations and power plants, the time synchronization measurement of the station clock device and secondary device are performed. The automatic discovery of the device status and the real-time upload of the time difference data are realized based on the IEC61850 protocol. The time synchronization network configuration, alarm and performance datas are unified maintained, managed and monitored, to enhance the plant station time synchronization precision control ability, which has a good operability, scalability and compatibility.

Density Table-Based Synchronization for Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks

Time synchronization is becoming a general requirement for wireless sensor networks to wake up sensor nodes and achieve successful communications among the nodes. It is, however, challenging for multi-hop sensor networks to synchronize all the distributed nodes autonomously with minimum power consumption. This paper proposes a low power time synchronization protocol called density table-based synchronization (DTSync). It selects a minimal sequence of synchronization steps by estimating the density of the neighboring nodes and mapping these nodes in a density table. The proposed protocol attempts to minimize the power consumption by reducing the number of messages exchanged among the nodes. We evaluate the proposed protocol using software simulation and then real wireless networks with sensor hardware. Compared with a prior method, such as hierarchy reference broadcast synchronization (HRTS), DTSync achieves substantially fewer synchronization messages and thus lower power consumption. In addition, DTSync is guaranteed to synchronize all nodes in any multi-hop networks, whereas the previous methods are not guaranteed to synchronize all nodes. Simulation experiments demonstrate that DTSync reduces the number of synchronization messages by more than 40 times compared with HRTS for a large network of 1500 node.

The Multi-source Synchronization System of Power System

Since the power system frequency and time synchronization network are networking alone, which brings a lot of system synchronization, reliability and security issues, this article will merge frequency synchronization network and time synchronization network into one to set up the synchronization system of power grid. In this paper, we present a new generation of power synchronization network program with BDS and GPS timing as the cure. Meanwhile, it presents a three-level power system synchronized demonstration network which is consist of provincial power grid, municipal power grid and substations. And Iin the end, we conduct some research on related technologies of this program. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i2.4181

On the Trade-off between Power Consumption and Time Synchronization Quality for Moving Targets under Large-Scale Fading Effects in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this work we find a lower bound on the energy required for synchronizing moving sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) affected by large-scale fading, based on clock estimation techniques. The energy required for synchronizing a WSN within a desired estimation error level is specified by both the transmit power and the required number of messages. In this paper we extend our previous work introducing nodes’ movement and the average message delay in the total energy, including a comprehensive analysis on how the distance between nodes impacts on the energy and synchronization quality trade-off under large-scale fading effects.