Power Thresher Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of Farm Machinery Utilization Under Custom Hiring Services Managements

Farm machinery hire service is a custom hiring business model managed by farmers’ groups at the farm level. The model is developed to facilitate access to farm machinery by small farmers and derive income (profit) from hiring out machinery services. This research attempts to evaluate the performance of farm machinery hire services in the Indragiri Hulu Region, Riau Province. The field surveys were conducted from September to October 2022 in 11 districts in the province. A total of 11 managers and 22 operators from 11 farm machinery hire service groups were selected purposively and interviewed to collect field data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative approaches. The results showed that farm machinery hire service groups manage 3 to 6 types of machines, including hand tractors, mini tractors, water pumps, rice transplanters, combine harvesters, and power threshers. The available farm machines are not sufficient to cover the entire area owned by farm machinery hire service groups. Therefore, most machines must work beyond capacity to achieve the target of covering as wide an area as possible. The machinery hire service was profitable for businesses at the farm level in the region. The results suggest that the number and type of farm machines must be added to increase the working area and make more profit. Keywords: Economic performance, Farm machinery hire services, Performance evaluation, Technical performance, Working area.

Analisis Kecepatan Putar Silinder Perontok Terhadap Kinerja Mini Power Thresher Hasil Rekayasa UPJA Desa Sungai Kelambu

<p><em>Various types of power threshers have been developed to suit conditions in the field. The development of the power thresher was also carried out by UPJA Sungai Kelambu Village, Sambas Regency by making a mini power thresher that was designed to suit the conditions of the land and the needs of local farmers. The purpose of this research was to obtain a relationship between threshing rotational speed and performance on the mini power thresher. The threshing cylinder rotational speed was varied at 669 and 778 rpm. The measured performance of the mini power thresher was feeding capacity, threshing capacity, cleanliness, percentage of grain not threshed, percentage of scattered grain, threshing efficiency, percentage of yield loss, fuel consumption, and increase in cracked grain. The test sample used was IR 64 rice. Based on the test results, the rotational speed of the thresher cylinder has a very significant effect on the threshing performance of the mini power thresher. Changes in threshing cylinder rotational speed from 669 rpm to 778 rpm can improve the performance of the mini-power thresher in terms of feed capacity, threshing capacity, threshing cleanliness, percentage of grain scattered, and percentage of yield loss.</em> <em>The decrease in performance is found in fuel consumption and the percentage of cracked grain. The variables that relatively unchanged were the percentage of grain not threshed and threshing efficiency. The operation of this mini power thresher is recommended at a thresher cylinder rotational speed of 778 rpm.</em></p>

Evaluation of Operator’s Competence to Operate and Maintain Farm Machines in Riau Province, Indonesia

The operation of farm machinery requires an operator with better operational and technical skills to ensure efficient and effective use of the machinery. These competences are necessary to avoid breakdowns during field operations that can affect machine operating costs. This research aims to evaluate the operators’ competence in the operation and maintenance of farm machinery. Field surveys were conducted in three regencies of the Riau Province, namely Kampar, Indragiri Hulu, and Siak regencies. 63 machine operators were purposively selected and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive-quantitative technique. The type of farm machines operated by the operators in the province included two-wheel tractors, four-wheel tractors, water pumps, rice transplanters, power threshers, combine harvesters, and rice milling units. Most operators can operate more than one type of farm machine. The competency of most operators to repair farm machinery is very poor because of a lack of training. Most operators get skills in machine operators from self-learning and other operators (friends). Therefore, the results suggest that machine operators must be well-trained in operational and technical skills, especially in the excellent operation and proper maintenance of farm machines, to avoid machine damage during field operation.

Techno-economic studies of threshing green beans (vigna radiata) using power thresher.

Green bean threshing is one of the most important steps in the cultivation and processing of green beans. However, in practice, many problems are found that affect the level of economy and efficiency. This study aims to analyze the techno-economics of threshing green beans using a multipurpose threshing machine, namely the power thresher. The research method used involves a technical approach, economics, and statistics. The results showed that the green beans with a moisture content of 16.56% and an average feeding capacity of 388.88 kg/hour had an average threshing efficiency of 94.67% and a percentage of damaged green beans of 2.96%. Based on the results of research on parameter-technical parameters and statistics, it shows that there is an influence of moisture content on threshing green beans. In addition, for economic parameters, the basic cost for threshing green beans with a moisture content of 16.56% is Rp 255.30 per kg, with a break-even point of 21,076,738 kg per year. It can be concluded that, the lower the moisture content of green beans, the higher the economic value produced. In addition, the low moisture content makes the machine have a high level of efficiency.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods for Paddy-II: A Review

Threshing of paddy crop is carried out using manual, animal or mechanized power sources depends on the farmland size. In a thresher, rasp bar, spike tooth, peg tooth and wire-loop type threshing elements can be fitted with the threshing cylinder irrespective of direction of crop feed and flow. Different elements are responsible to thresh the crop with different actions which include impact, rubbing, combing, squeezing and their combination. This review was carried out to explore the effect of different threshing elements and threshing methods on performance of paddy threshing. Unlike threshing of other cereal crops, hull removal is not required in paddy. Selection of threshing elements based on the crop to be threshed. The type of threshing element determines the threshing efficiency, energy requirement and grain loss. Among rasp bar, spike tooth, peg tooth and wire-loop type threshing elements, wire-loop type was found to be most suitable for paddy threshing. Factors like cylinder speed, cylinder type and diameter, concave clearance and throughput rate affect the threshing performance. A low speed of cylinder produces more un-threshed grains. It can be compensated using for axial flow thresher as it has high crop retention period. Contrarily, a high speed is responsible for better threshing efficiency along with the more grain breakage and energy consumption. Using tangential flow thresher crop retention period can be minimized. The work rate of pedal and power thresher was, respectively 2 and 10 times more than that of manual threshing. The average threshing efficiency of pedal thresher, power thresher and combine harvester was reported to be 97 to 99%, 96.30 to 99.75% and 98.5%, respectively.

PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KEUNTUNGAN USAHA TANI PADI SAWAH MENGGUNAKAN MESIN POWER THRESHER DAN COMBINE HARVESTER DI DESA SANGATTA SELATAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in income earned by Lowland Rice Farming with Power Threshers and combine harvesters in South Sangatta Village, South Sangatta District. The method of data analysis technique used is quantitative data through economic analysis: cost analysis, income and revenue analysis is an activity after data from all respondents. The research population is paddy rice farmers. The sampling method used purposive sampling, rice farmers who were sampled deliberately only used power thresher harvesters as many as 25 farmers and combine harvesters as many as 20 people in South Sangatta Village, South Sangatta District. The data used is primary data, namely costs input costs of farming, total production of lowland rice, receipts and income of lowland rice farming using power threshers and combine harvesters. Secondary data BPS from 2018-2020. The results of the study showed that the income of lowland rice farming using a power thresser machine amounted to Rp. 202,950,000 on average Rp. 8,118,000 while the combine harvester machine amounted to Rp. 133,050,000 for an average of IDR 8,870,000. The income of lowland rice farming using a power thresser machine is 78,873,333 with an average of Rp. 3,153,493 while the combine harvester machine is 69,194,879 with an average of Rp. 4,612,991. The Profit Rate (R/C Ratio) of farming using a power thresher is 1.63 while the combine harvester is 2.08 Lowland rice farming in South Sangatta Village is profitable. The use of Combine Harvester harvesting equipment is more profitable based on the value of the R/C ratio which is greater than the power thresher. Its because harvesting with a combine harvester does not require harvester labor costs.

Investigating Farm Machinery Breakdowns and Service Support System Conditions in Rainfed Rice Areas in Riau Province, Indonesia

Farm machinery breakdowns are the most common problems farmers face in field operations. The problems can cause losses of time, power, and money and must therefore be prevented. This research investigates farm machinery breakdowns and loss of machine power, as well as service support conditions in Riau Province, Indonesia. Most data were collected from secondary sources published by the Food Crop and Horticulture Services of Riau Province and the Statistical Bureau of Riau Province. The data on service support facilities were obtained through field visits to service support sites in the province. The number of farm machines, farm power, and machine breakdowns increased during the period 2010–2021. There were different breakdown rates among farm machines and regencies. The highest annual growth was 17.03 percent for water pumps, followed by power threshers (14.41%), and 2-wheel tractors (14.32%). Rokan Hilir Regency had the highest level of machinery breakdowns, reaching 26.93 percent annually. The total loss of machine power was 9,553 hp per year on average or 15.76 percent of the total power of 61,357 hp per year. The availability of service support facilities like workshops and storage sheds was very limited and remained inadequate. A lack of spare parts and mechanics was also found in the surveyed areas of the province.

Paddy Loss and Its Implication to Fertilizer Subsidy in Indonesia

Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world, at the same time it’s a country that imports rice from various countries. The government has provided input subsidies to increase rice production and reduce imports. Modes of rice farming in Indonesia is relatively diverse, from conventional to modern, even in the post-harvest process. The objectives of this study are: to analyze the impact of post-harvest handling on food loss and to analyze the relationship between paddy or rice loss with the quantity and value of fertilizers subsidy and paddy production in Indonesia. The estimated food (rice) loss includes the stages of harvesting, threshing, drying, and milling stages and distribution. Farmers use various technologies in processing rice: serrated sickle in harvesting, power thresher in threshing, and flatbed dryer in drying; while rice milling was done using conventional rice miller. The total rice loss reached 6.91 million tons in 2014 and continued to increase to 8.14 million tons in 2018. The growth rate of fertilizer subsidy value is higher than those of subsidized fertilizer quantity and paddy or rice loss. The results indicated that growth rates of paddy production and rice loss was lower than increased of government subsidy for fertilizer.

Economic feasibility analysis of service business of agricultural equipment and machinery in Kubu Raya Regency, Indonesia

Agricultural equipment and machinery have become the main farmer’s need as technically it can accelerate and improve the quality of soil cultivation, water supply, increase the cropping index, reduce lost yields and preserve the environmental functions. Economically, it can increase the added values through product processing, productivity, and resource efficiency. Institutional service business of agricultural equipment and machinery (UPJA) needs to develop to facilitate farmers’ access to the use of affordable agricultural equipment and machinery in order to increase the sustainable food production. The sustainability of the service business is influenced by many aspects including economic aspects. This study aimed to analyze financial feasibility of UPJA in Parit Keladi village, Sungai Kakap subdistrict, Kubu Raya Regency. Analysis of R/C ratio and B/C ratio was applied. Based on R/C ratio of feasibility analysis, all kinds of agricultural equipment and machinery including transplanter, water pump, rice thresher, mini combine harvester, and hand tractor provided by the service business were feasible, shown by R/C ratio> 1.52 and B/C ratio >0.52. Whereas, The R/C value of water pump of 2.5; hand tractor 2.0; 1.81 transplant machine and 1.67 mini combaine and 1.31 power thresher machine, respectively.

Comparison of Performance and Total Energy Requirement for Several Harvesting Method of Indonesian Farmers

Rice harvesting is carried out by farmers both conventinal and machinery. The evaluation of energy consumption in this study was conducted to determine the total energy uses during harvesting for three harvesting method (conventional, semi-machinery, and combine harvester). The result show, detail of harvesting energy requirement using combine harvester are 151.64 MJ/ha of engine energy, 1381.53 MJ/ha of fuel energy, and 18,95 MJ/ha of human energy. However, manual harvesting only human energy (104,4 MJ/ha). Harvesting with semi machinery (a sickle and power thresher) consist of engine energy (7.92 MJ/ha), fuel energgy (752.73 MJ/ha), human energy (95.81 MJ/ha). The highest energy requirement for harvesting method of Indonesian farmers is uding combine harvester, meanwhile combine harvester have highest capacity and efficiency.

Farm Power Sources and Machinery Contribution in Small Rice Farming Operations in Kampar Region, Indonesia

Farm power is one of the important inputs in agriculture. Farm machinery is farm power source which has been increasingly used by farmers as instead of manual tools and animal power. This paper attempts to identify farm power sources and machinery contribution in small rice farming operations in Kampar Region, Indonesia. Field survey was conducted in the region and 30 rice farmers were interviewed to collect primary data. Descriptive-quantitative approaches ware used to analyse data, including percentage, mean, and graphical methods. The results showed that the farm machinery was used by farmers to perform rice farming operations in survey areas. The most popular and dominant power sources were human and machine powers. The machine power came from hand tractors, irrigation (water) pumps, power threshers, and rice milling units. They increased during the period of 2012-2016 and total number of power available on farm also increased during the same period. The contribution of machine power for total power was significant and would become more important in the future. Therefore, there is a need to increase the number and type of the farm machinery in the region in order to increase the availability of farm power and eventually increase rice production and productivity.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Teknologi Panen Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

This research aims to find out (1) some factors that influence the farmers in using post-harvest technology equipment in Aceh Besar Regency (2) the differences of farmers income using combine harvester and power thresher. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling in 3 Sub-district in Aceh Besar, the amount of the farmers was taken by Slovin’s. The data used were primary and secondary data and the method of the data analysis were logistic regression analysis and t test. The result of this research showed that the selected of post-harvest technology equipment and education influence the labor and grain dryness while the machine working time and grain dryness did not significantly influenced the farmers in choosing the technology of post-harvest equipment and there was a different income for the using of power thresher and combine harvester at 21,69%.

ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATING COSTS OF SOME HARVESTING SYSTEMS IN EGYPT

Harvesting machinery plays an important role in agricultural production, and contributes a major capital input cost in most agricultural business. The present study aimed to evaluate the most three common harvesting systems of wheat crop in Egypt based on total operating costs of each system. Three systems under the study are evaluated, namely: the first system: (multi-purpose combine harvester (Claas dominator 130), the second system: (tractor mounted vertical conveyor reaper windrower + local power thresher), and the third system: (self-propelled reaper binder + local power thresher). The results indicated that the depreciation and repair & maintenance costs were the most important factors influencing the total cost. Depreciation was estimated by three different methods are a straight-line, declining balance and sum of the years' digit methods. The results also indicated that the minimum total operating cost was 243.97 L.E./fed resulted from the first system followed by the third system 522.01 L.E./fed then the second system 614.51 L.E./fed.

Rental Service Market of Farm Machinery in Rice Cultivation: A Farm Level Investigation

This study was undertaken to investigate the rental charge and labour cost of five major operations in rice production in the north-west region of Bangladesh. Farmers’ group discussions (FGDs) with 10-15 key informants farmers were conducted for collecting farm level data from 15 villages of both Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. Rental charge and labour cost of rice cultivation were converted to paddy equivalent cost (PEC) for tillage, transplanting, weeding, harvesting, carrying and threshing. Farmers mostly relied on the service providers of either power tiller or tractor for tillage. They also relied on the service providers of close drum power thresher for threshing rice and other crops. However, farmers still manually carried out transplanting, weeding, harvesting and carrying of rice. Both the contractual and daily basis hired labour and family labour performed those activities. The wages of labour of harvesting and carrying was paid in cash or kind (e.g., share of harvested grain or fixed amount of grain per unit of harvest area). The average paddy equivalent cost for the five major operations was ranged between 37-47% of total paddy production cost in the study locations. The mechanized transplanting and harvesting may reduce rice production cost largely as well as would resolve the labour scarcity problems. Therefore, transplanter and harvester have the great prospect of widespread adoption. However, prospect of mechanical weeding is limited because of the availability of low cost intensive chemical control methods. Thus, providing the larger financial assistance on purchasing both the transplanter and harvester facilitates the end users to enhance the productivity and reduce the cost of rice farming.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 35-45

Comparative performance evaluation of high capacity wheat thresher with variable parameters

This research study was conducted in order to determine and compare the performances of two different high capacity wheat thresher and economic characteristics of threshing for wheat crop. The research was conducted in the farm of Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad. The treatments under the comparisons were different type of power thresher .Wheat crop which was ready for threshing in the field at SHIATS, Allahabad. Wheat was threshed by high capacity Himanchal and Haramba thresher on different cylinder speeds. Three replications were taken and values of dependent variables were computed to indicate the performance evaluation of high capacity flow through the Himanchal and Haramba wheat thresher were carried out for threshing of wheat w.r.t threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, output capacity and total machine losses including broken grain, sieve loss, blown or spilled grain and unthreshed grain. The observation were taken at three drum speeds of 850 rpm, 740 rpm and 685 rpm and three feed rate 34 kg/min, 36 kg/min and 39 kg/min at the moisture content of 16.2 per cent and two concave clearances (21 mm and 18 mm). The analysis of data and results obtained from the comparative evaluation of both the machines shows that threshing efficiency and cleaning efficiency for machine (M 1 ) 98.89 per cent and 98.96 and (M 2 )99.10 per cent and 99.08 per cent, respectively at the 850 rpm drum speed on given feed rate 39 kg/min. The highest machine losses were 10.07 per cent at 34 kg/min on 685 rpm and lowest grain losses were 6.30 per cent at 39 kg/min on 850 rpm. The cost of threshing through the high capacity thresher was obtained Rs. 417.70 per hour and the threshing cost Rs.41.77 per quintal through the Himanchal high capacity wheat thresher and Rs.27.84 per quintal through the Haramba high capacity wheat thresher. It was concluded that there is an inherent advantage of Haramba high capacity wheat thresher over the Himanchal high capacity wheat thresher and manual operation. It is necessary to maximize the use of the machine.

An Agronomic and Profitability Study on Rice Production: A Case of Jalgaon Village of Comilla District, Bangladesh

Performance of rice crops in farmers’ fields largely lower than varietal potential. Besides, profitability is an important aspect of production decision for the semi-subsistence farming system in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was conducted evaluate crops management practice and performance of rice in different seasons. Farmers’ group discussion with key informant farmers was conducted for collecting and validating the data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Adoption of modern rice varieties was high in the village. Rice is planted delay in all the seasons because of three crops (rice-rice-rice) rice based cropping patterns in the village. Farmers mainly relied on household seeds (owned stored and purchase from neighboring farmers) in Aus and Aman seasons while the dealer supplied seed is the prime seed source in Boro season. The seed rates were largely higher than recommendation rates. Farmers’ fertilizers management is highly inconsistent with recommendation practice. Both manual and chemical methods are used for controlling weeds. Chemical method is mainly practiced for controlling insects and diseases of crops. Paddle and power thresher is used for threshing rice. Boro rice gave Boro rice gave higher yield (4.94 t/ha) followed by T. Aman (3.29 t/ha) and Aus (3.09 t/ha) due to better cropping environment, good management practices, higher inputs and usages of better genotypes. The performance of rice in the three seasons showed large yield gap. T. Aman gave higher gross margin (BDT 22,015/ha) followed by Boro (BDT 16,468/ha) and Aus (BDT 9,414/ha) because of higher price and lower production cost. Participation of women in the intercultural operations of crops and their role sin decision making about farming was a few. Nevertheless, they intensively participate in post-harvest processing of crops and other household activates and decisions. In short, despite a large yield gap, rice production is profitable in the three seasons at survey year’s price. The poorer access to extension service, good quality seed, phosphorous fertilizers, pesticides and power supply were identified as barrier to achieve potential performance of rice cultivars and expected level of returns. Thus, policy supports for increasing access to extension supports and quality inputs may reduce yield gap and enhance productivity and profitability of rice crops largely.

Factors influencing the adoption of rice paddy threshing machine “Powered-Thresher”: A case study of Serang District, Banten Province

Mulyaqin T, Keichi I. 2017. Factors influencing the adoption of rice paddy threshing machine “Powered-Thresher”: A case study of Serang District, Banten Province. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 420-425. For ensuring national food security, main focus policy of Indonesia government is not only to increase rice production, but also to reduce harvest and post-harvest losses in order to safe rice production. Introducing and disseminating threshing machine such as powered-thresher to rice farmer is one of the government efforts to reduce yield losses and labor cost, especially on threshing stage. This paper examined the factors influencing the adoption of powered-thresher in rice production area in Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The data used in this study were collected mainly through an interview survey using structured questioner to 103 respondents, including 61 respondents as adopters and 42 respondents as non-adopters of paddy’s threshing machine. It was conducted in 4 (four) sub-district (Ciruas, Lebak Wangi, Pontang, Tirtayasa) in Serang district area for the first season of 2014/2015 cropping season with descriptive statistics and probit logistic regression model as a tool for data analysis. Empirical study shows that the significant factors influencing the adoption of power threshers positively are farm size and financial source, and the significant factors that influencing the adoption of power thresher negatively are the labor availability including the number of the household member who working in farm and side job as a labor and threshing cost. This is true in the case of a non-adopter area where high labor availability prevents the use of power thresher because of the possibility of conflict due to labor displacement. However, dissemination information about the machine through agriculture extension activity by stakeholder (government, extension officer, farmers) to the farmer as a user is the important factor to increase adoption of agriculture technology, especially this kind of threshing machine.

MOBILISASI ALSINTAN BERDASARKAN KALENDER TANAM PADA BUDIDAYA PADI DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN, JAWA TENGAH

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Mobilization of Agricultural Machines Based on Crop Calender for Rice Cultivation in Grobogan District, Central Java. Agricultural machines for rice production in Central Java especially Grobogan District are already intensively developed, but their utilization is still low. Optimalization use of those agricultural machines is needed to improve their performances. This research aimed: (i) To arrange mobilization concept of agricultural<br />machines in order to optimize their use for rice cultivation in Grobogan District, and (ii) To analyze the deficit and working capacity of those agricultural machines after optimalization use through their mobilization. This research was focused on hand tractors and power threshers only, and was conducted in Grobogan District, in 2013. Data on lowland area and population of hand tractor and power thresher were collected from agricultural office of Grobogan District and its Sub-districts, meanwhile data dealing with agricultural machine’s performances were collected through interview with agricultural machines owner and UPJA using well structured questioners. The collected data were arranged in the form of table and map, and then analyzed using requirement and mobilization analyses. The results showed that through mobilization scenario of 20% available agricultural machines among sub-district with four different planting times in Grobogan District could improve the machine’s performance and could reduce their deficit. By mobilizing those agricultural machines for rice cultivation in Grobogan District, their deficit could be reduced up to >50%, meanwhile, working capacity of those machines could be increased from < 30 ha/year/unit before mobilization become 35,5 ha/year/unit after mobilization.</p><p><em>Keywords: optimalization, mobilization, agricultural machines, crop calendar, rice</em> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Alsintan untuk budidaya padi di Jawa Tengah khususnya di Kabupaten Grobogan sudah berkembang namun pemanfaatannya masih rendah. Mobilisasi alsintan antar wilayah berdasarkan kalender tanam diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatannya yang sekaligus meningkatkan kinerjanya. Tujuan kajian ini adalah: (1) Menyusun konsep mobilisasi alsintan berdasarkan kalender tanam untuk optimalisasi pemanfaatannya pada budidaya padi di Kabupaten Grobogan, dan (2) Menganalisis kekurangan dan kapasitas kerja alsintan setelah dilakukan mobilisasi.<br />Kajian ini difokuskan kepada traktor tangan dan perontok padi di Kabupaten Grobogan pada tahun 2013. Data luas lahan sawah serta penyebaran traktor tangan dan perontok padi diperoleh dari kantor Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten dan Kecamatan, sedangkan data primer kinerja alsintan dan jasa sewanya diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada pemilik alsintan dan UPJA di tiga kecamatan yang banyak alsintannya masing-masing tiga responden menggunakan daftar pertanyaan terstruktur. Data yang diperoleh disusun dalam bentuk tabel dan peta, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Kebutuhan Alsintan serta Analisis Mobilisasi Alsintan dan Analisis Kapasitas Kerja Alsintan. Konsep mobilisasi alsintan disusun berdasarkan perbedaan jadwal tanam menurut kalender tanam antar kecamatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa melalui skenario mobilisasi 20% alsintan yang ada antar kecamatan dengan 4 jadwal tanam padi berbeda di kabupaten Grobogan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan dan kinerja alsintan serta menekan kekurangan alsintannya. Dengan skenario mobilisasi alsintan tersebut, kekurangan traktor tangan dan perontok padi di Kabupaten Grobogan dapat ditekan sampai > 50%, sedangkan kapasitas kerja alsintannya dapat ditingkatkan dari awalnya < 30 ha/tahun/unit menjadi 35,5 ha/tahun/unit setelah mobilisasi.</p><p><em>Kata kunci: optimalisasi, mobilisasi, alsintan, kalender tanam, padi</em></p>

Penanganan Susut Panen dan Pasca Panen Padi Kaitannya dengan Anomali Iklim di Wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

To reduced losses in rice farming requires the application of modern agricultural machinery in harvesting equipment, postharvest and processing. Varying knowledge of farmers and entrepreneur rice milling unit (RMU) in yield loss as well as the impacts of global climate change research should be conducted through a structured survey of farmers and entrepreneurs RMU in Yogyakarta. Results obtained demonstrate the preferred use of new type variety among farmers so that the tool is suitable harvest sickle cutting down system in districts of Bantul and Gunungkidul more popular as straw used for animal feed. More than 70% of farmers do at harvest time by looking at the panicle and leaf color. Utilization of power threshers more developed in Sleman because of such preferred cut up and threshing by stampede way. With the limitations of manpower, the farmer was forced to delay harvest in Gunungkidul. The thickness of the grain is dried in the sun need to be added so as not too thin and can produce more rice intact during milling. Entrepreneur RMU need to complete with seed cleaner to increase the yield, as well as using double-pass system so that quality and yield of rice produced would be better.

Custom Hiring Services of Power Thresher for Small-Farm Rice Threshing in Kampar Regency, Indonesia

The availability of power thresher for custom hiring services has accelerated the mechanical power use in small-scale rice threshing operation in Kampar Regency. This research attempts to determine the need, used capacity, and seasonal work of power thresher and to analyze the cost, profit, and break-even of power thresher hire services managed by farmer groups. Data were collected from 15 power threshers from 10 custom-hiring services group selected using purposive sampling technique in seven districts of Kampar Regency. The interviews with group managers, custom operators, and mechanics were conducted during the main growing season in 2012. The results showed that the number of power threshers on farmer groups was limited and most of them, however, still worked under capacity. The power thresher was employed only for group members with custom work about 64.9 t/season. The seasonal work was more than break-even point of about 7.7 t/season, so the custom-hiring services of power thresher are profitable. Therefore, the method can become an alternative source of income and also extend the power thresher adoption amongst rice farmers in the region.