Power Supply System Of Consumers Research Articles

Risk-based approach to choosing the production asset management strategy for energy company

RELEVANCE: The possibility of a reasonable choice of an alternative strategy for the organization of maintenance and repair (M&R) of the power company's equipment is a guarantee of the successful implementation of its strategic priorities. The tasks in this direction are quite relevant.PURPOSE: To develop a unified methodology that, from the general standpoint of a risk-based approach, would allow comparing two alternative strategies for managing the assets of an energy company "by periodicity, operating time" and "by technical condition", according to a set of key criteria for the effectiveness of M&R.METHODS: When solving problems, methods of forming and adjusting schedules for repairs of electrical equipment, calculating reliability and probabilities of failure in the power supply system of consumers, taking into account its circuit features, assessing the technical condition of equipment according to non-destructive testing and diagnostics, comparing the costs of maintaining and restoring reliability and damages from its violations were used.RESULTS: A risk-oriented methodology has been developed and verified, which makes it possible to evaluate and select the optimal equipment maintenance strategy for the energy company according to uniform efficiency criteria. An algorithmic implementation of the developed methodology is obtained, which is the basis of a computing complex for choosing and making decisions. The verification of the methodology and algorithm is carried out on the example of a real object – a power supply system for oil production consumers using reliable operational and diagnostic information.CONCLUSION: The results obtained fully compensate for the lack of methodological possibilities in comparing two basic alternative strategies for electrical equipment maintenance based on a single risk-based approach. The developed methodology is a unified decision-making tool at the stage of alternative analysis. The illustration of the methodology by a real numerical example demonstrates the consistency of the solutions obtained with the results of expert assessments and operational experience.

New conditions for applying surcharges (discounts) to electricity payments for generation and consumption of harmonic component currents

Technical means of suppression of harmonic component currents installed in the consumer's electric network are able to reduce the level of harmonic component currents and reduce the harmful effects of their flow. The consumer's interest in installing such means is significantly increased when discounts (surcharges) are applied to the payment for electricity consumed for generation and consumption of harmonic currents. However, the attempt to apply allowances (discounts) has failed in the past. The article proposes to review and discuss new conditions for the application of surcharges (discounts) to the payment for electricity for generation and consumption of harmonic currents, taking into account the unsuccessful experience of use in the past. The article proposes a methodology for calculating and using surcharges (discounts) to the payment for electricity consumption for generation and consumption of harmonic component currents to manage the power quality in the power supply systems of consumers of a grid organization with nonlinear loads.

Principles of electrical grid configuration management and tasks of their implementation

THE PURPOSE. To consider and analyze the definitions of the concepts "configuration of the electrical grid", "control of the configuration of the electrical grid ", "parameters of the configuration of the electrical grid ". To justify the need to manage the configuration of electrical grid, describe the principles and methods of managing the configuration of the electrical grid. To demonstrate the implementation of the principles of managing the configuration of the electrical grid on the example of an electrical grid with a nominal voltage of 0.4 kV with the use of proprietary technical configuration management tools. METHODS. Based on the literature review, the study identified the wording of key concepts, such as" configuration of the electrical grid"," management of the electrical grid configuration", "parameters of the electrical grid configuration". Methods of managing the configuration of the electrical grid are shown. The principles of electrical grid configuration management proposed by the authors are considered, which include observability, manageability, segmentability, flexibility of the electrical grid configuration, equipment intellectualization, and integration into the economy. The essence of each of the management principles is revealed and the effects of their implementation are shown. The effects of implementing the configuration management principles are to reduce the number of power supply interruptions and reduce the time of power supply interruptions to consumers, mismatch the quality parameters of the electricity supplied to them, as well as to increase the availability of electricity infrastructure. The rationale for the need to manage the configuration of electrical grid is given. Within the framework of the conducted research, the method of system analysis, methods of comparisons and analogies, and expert assessments were used. RESULTS. On the example of the scheme of power supply to consumers at a voltage of 0.4 kV, the implementation of the principles of control of the configuration of electrical grid with the use of proprietary technical means – multi-contact switching systems, input-accounting-distribution devices integrated into the monitoring systems of the parameters of the operating modes of electrical grid and other devices is illustrated. CONCLUSION. The implementation of the principles of configuration management of electrical grid allows to increase the efficiency of power supply systems for consumers and at the same time causes the need to develop new technical means of automation and monitoring of parameters of operating modes of electrical grids.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR CREATING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPH OF THE TOTAL HARMONIC OF VOLTAGE COMPONENTS RATIO

In the power supply system of industrial enterprises with low installed capacity, a battery of cosine capacitors is used as reactive power compensation devices in most cases. However, in certain modes of operation in such a network due to the presence of electrical receivers, which generate the highest harmonics, there may be resonance phenomena. Therefore, in such a network you should know both the presence of harmonic components and their percentage.
 
 It is known that according to GOST 32144-2013 it is necessary to take into account not only the individual harmonic components of the voltage of about 40 harmonics, but also the total ratio of these components. For this reason, the calculation of this parameter in the power supply system of consumers is an urgent task.
 
 In this paper the principle of structure of the three-dimensional graph of the total factor of harmonic components of voltage is revealed. The arguments for the dependence of this factor on the most important parameters of the electrical network, such as system short-circuit power, capacitor bank, load consumption are given.
 
 The authors have developed an algorithm for creating a three-dimensional graph of the total harmonic voltage components coefficient with the disclosure of the principles of its construction. As an example, the paper presents graphical dependencies: kU = f(SКZ , QBK ); kU = f(SКZ , PNG ); kU = f(QBK , PNG).

Justification of the role and reliability of systems of protective disconnection of voltage to determine the accepted risk of electric injury

Formulation of the problem. Protective blackout is used as a means of electrical safety in electrical installations. By disconnecting the voltage for a sufficiently short time, a person who accidentally comes under voltage is de-energized and, as experience shows, remains alive without receiving dangerous injuries [1]. Protective shutdown is carried out by current leakage protection equipment, which is regulated by the Coal Mine Safety Rules and the safety rules of other galleys that conduct underground work and use an electrical power supply system with isolated neutral. But the equipment may not operate as a result of failures of its structural elements, especially elements of the electrical circuit, i.e. insufficient reliability of the equipment. Practical experience suggests that all deaths from electric shocks that occur annually in mines arise with an inactive protective shutdown system, but in literature these issues and the role of reliability are not adequately addressed. The purpose of the article is to disclose the conditions for reducing the risk of electrical injuries by applying protective voltage isolation in the power supply system and to justify recommendations on the acceptable level of its reliability to reduce the risk of electrical injuries. Conclusion. It is advisable to consider the logical-mathematical diagram of the formation of electrical injury as a “tree” of failures of electrical protective equipment in the power supply system of consumers with an isolated neutral of the supply transformer. To substantiate the mathematical model of electric trauma and to establish a relationship between the probability of failure-free operation of the system of protective shutdown Reveal the value of the reliability of protective shutdown of voltage in reducing the likelihood of damage and substantiate the formula for determining the necessary level of reliability of protective shutdown equipment, depending on the permissible risk of electrical injury.

Differentiation of power supply systems for consumers in the Arctic zone

The article discusses the problems of providing energy supply to consumers in remote regions of Russia, including in the Arctic zone. The necessity of introducing and developing the best available technologies for autonomous energy supply to consumers in the decentralized electricity supply zone, which should be based on the combined use of technologies and reducing cross-subsidization for the long term in the framework of the implementation of a unified state energy policy, is proved. Differentiation of power supply systems of consumers was carried out, according to the results of which it is advisable to pay special attention to the location of the source of electric energy generation. The paper suggests that in the conditions of the Arctic zone it should be as close as possible to the center of energy consumption and the possibility of combined generation of electric and thermal energy.

Повышение искробезопасности в системах импульсного питания потребителей в сравнении с системой питания постоянным током

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the magnitude of the arc sparking energy during switching in the wires of a pulsed power supply system when compared with the energy when powered from a direct current source and to determine the flammable currents of the methane-air mixture to improve intrinsic safety. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of the application of the theory of electrical engineering, the theory of planning a scientific experiment, computer and simulation modelling. The experimental data were obtained in the laboratories of the Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University using certified metrological measuring instruments. The system was modelled using the software packages Matthcad, Microsoft. EXCEL. StatGraphik. Results. Conducted theoretical and experimental studies of the magnitude of arc sparking prove that the energy of sparking with a pulsed current is less than with a constant one and can be used as the basis for reducing the ignition of gas in mines and other explosive industries. Scientific novelty. The useful use of the consumer’s reactive energy has been substantiated if the supply line or the current source is shut off for the duration of the pause and at the same time the consumer is shunted. Practical significance. The obtained results are recommended to be used in power supply systems of consumers that operate in a pulsed mode to increase their energy efficiency and explosion and fire safety of operation.

The sources of power on TEG basis for digital technologies of agriculture

The paper presents scientific and technical solutions to improve the efficiency of decentralized power supply systems for consumers that implement digital technologies in agriculture. The author’s technology is described, which makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of TEG in an extended temperature range, as well as to study the modes of their operation with electric load. The results are given that determine the rational temperature range for hot junction 160 … 200 °C, for cold - 30 … 50 °C. The dependence of the output power on the load current, described by a polynomial of the second degree, is obtained. The regularities of the influence of the load on TEG efficiency are determined. Based on the obtained experimental data, a power source circuit based on a heating device with TEG was developed.

Hybrid Energy Store for Renewable Sources and Uninterruptible Power Supplies

A hybrid system for short-term energy storage has been developed. It includes lithium-ion batteries for steady operation and supercapacitors for transient operation. The store may be used in systems with renewable energy sources, in electric vehicles, and in uninterruptible or backup power supply systems for consumers drawing large currents. It may also be used for energy recuperation.

Calculation of reliability indicators of power supply systems of consumers

The article covers the study of methods for calculating the reliability of schemes of power supply for consumers at the present stage. It analyzes the existing methods for calculating the reliability of various schemes of power supply systems for consumers. Methods for determining the reliability indicators of redundant systems are reviewed. Examples are given

Features of Estimation of Structural Reliability of Power Supply Systems

Development and operation of modern power supply systems of consumers which are the part of distributed generation (DG) systems with their communication with electric power system (EPS) and renewable energy sources (RES) demand changes in estimation of their reliability indicators on the basis of corresponding mathematical apparatus. It is shown that DG systems refer to structures with several overlapping zones of action, which determines their peculiarities, which are represented by some integral characteristic - efficiency of operation, which characterizes the degree of expediency of use of the DG system in different modes. The approach based on evaluation of effectiveness of such systems is offered. Examples of calculation of relatively simple structures of DG systems performing several tasks simultaneously are given.