Power Router Research Articles

Harmonics Suppression and Stability Improvement for Power Router in Nonideal Grid Conditions: A Multiport Passivity-Based Collaborative Control Scheme

Harmonics Suppression and Stability Improvement for Power Router in Nonideal Grid Conditions: A Multiport Passivity-Based Collaborative Control Scheme

Optimal Power Flow in electrical grids based on power routers

In recent years, there has been an exploration of innovative electric grid concepts centered around power routers, devices capable of controlling power flows as desired. One of which is the Power Router Grid, a novel high-controllable network design fully based on power routers. Its ability to arbitrarily change power flows inside controllable lines raises the challenge of determining the optimal operation within such systems. This paper aims to push further the analysis of the operation and benefits of such networks by proposing a novel optimization model tailored for power router grids based on the most recent literature for the convexification of optimal power flows. Moreover, it demonstrated that radial-based models can be expanded for grids meshed through power routers. The model presented is also convex in the form of a second-order cone, ensuring a global optimum for diverse grid configurations. It has been implemented in Python using the PYOMO modeling language and applied to three case studies investigating the effects of power router operation modes on the grid’s optimal operation and associated costs. Results show that the definition of the power router grid design and the ports operation mode must be carefully decided when demand uncertainty of over 25% is taken into consideration. Moreover, controlling power flow near lines of higher impedance can lead up to a 21% increase in line losses.

A novel voltage arc suppression method for single-phase grounding fault in distribution network based on power router

The power-electronized distribution network is the trend with the emergence of widespread adoptions of converters, sparking innovative opportunities for investigating arc suppression. As a future alternative low-frequency transformer, the Power Router (PR) also needs grounding, which can realize arc suppression with well design. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel arc suppression technique for single-phase grounding (SPG) faults in distribution networks directly connected with a PR. Firstly, the distribution network connected with the PR is presented, where the PR operates with grounding in the medium-voltage DC side. Then, the principle of flexible voltage arc suppression through the PR is analyzed, considering the power transfer capability and the impact on circulating current. The multivariable decoupling control under the dq0 synchronous rotating frame (SRF) is applied to regulate the zero-sequence voltage, achieving active arc suppression. Furthermore, the article considers various fault conditions and different system-to-ground damping rates. Finally, the simulation results validate the flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed arc suppression method.

Intelligent wireless power transfer via a 2-bit compact reconfigurable transmissive-metasurface-based router

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, numerous devices have been deployed in complex environments for environmental monitoring and information transmission, which brings new power supply challenges. Wireless power transfer is a promising solution since it enables power delivery without cables, providing well-behaved flexibility for power supplies. Here we propose a compact wireless power transfer framework. The core components of the proposed framework include a plane-wave feeder and a transmissive 2-bit reconfigurable metasurface-based beam generator, which constitute a reconfigurable power router. The combined profile of the feeder and the beam generator is 0.8 wavelengths. In collaboration with a deep-learning-driven environment sensor, the router enables object detection and localization, and intelligent wireless power transfer to power-consuming targets, especially in dynamic multitarget environments. Experiments also show that the router is capable of simultaneous wireless power and information transfer. Due to the merits of low cost and compact size, the proposed framework may boost the commercialization of metasurface-based wireless power transfer routers.

An Isolated MVDC-HVDC-AC Three-Port Power Router for High-Power Large-Scale PV Applications

An Isolated MVDC-HVDC-AC Three-Port Power Router for High-Power Large-Scale PV Applications

Fault Detection and Isolation in Smart-Grid Networks of Intelligent Power Routers Modeled as Probabilistic Boolean Networks

A self-organizing complex-network modeling method, probabilistic Boolean networks, is presented as a model-based diagnostic system for detecting and isolating different types of faults, failures, and modes of operation in which a network of intelligent power routers is deployed over a standard power test case: the Western System Coordinating Council 9 Bus System. Such a system allows designers and engineering professionals to make educated decisions pertaining to the design of smart-grid systems endowed with intelligent power routers. There is a recurrent necessity to design reliable and fault-tolerant smart power systems, maintaining adequate operation and adherence to performance specifications, while keeping costs at the minimum. This diagnostics system will help achieve such goals: better design through thorough analysis of the conditions that lead to a fault on a smart grid, proper detection of these faults, and isolation of the respective assets.

Typology and working mechanism of a hybrid power router based on power-frequency transformer electromagnetic coupling with converters

The power router (PR) is a promising piece of equipment for realizing multi-voltage level interconnection and flexible power control in the future distribution power grid. In this paper, a hybrid PR (HPR) topology based on power-frequency transformer electromagnetic coupling with converters is proposed for the medium distribution power grid. The power-frequency transformer is used to undertake power transmission, voltage conversion, and other main tasks, while the power electronic converters are combined to achieve active control. Equivalent magnetic and electrical circuit models are established to help discuss the operating principle of the proposed HPR. Additionally, the power flow and control principle of the HPR in different operating conditions are analyzed, with the control system design scheme presented. The theoretical analysis results are verified by MATLAB/Simulink + Plecs simulation and a controller hardware-in-the-loop study, as well as a down-scale experimental test, indicating that the proposed HPR is flexible in active voltage support and current control.

Optimization study of overvoltage problem in PV distribution network based on electrical energy router

Photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of being clean and efficient, but it poses a threat to the voltage quality of distribution networks due to unstable power output. In order to solve the overvoltage and power utilization problems of a high-penetration PV distribution network, this paper proposes a tidal current analysis model based on a four-port power router. First, the steady-state modeling of different ports of the electrical energy router is carried out, and the corresponding voltage control strategy is proposed. Then, by establishing a unified tidal current calculation model, a solution for the optimal operation of the distribution network is proposed. Finally, based on the overvoltage data of a regional power grid, the impact on the voltage level of the grid-connected PV system before and after the addition of the power router is compared. From the analyzed data, it is concluded that the introduction of a four-port power router for corresponding port control strategies can effectively improve overvoltage problems in high-permeability PV distribution networks.

Extended Discrete-State Event-Driven Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for Power Electronic Systems Based on Virtual-Time-Ratio Regulation

This paper proposes an extended discrete-state event-driven (EDSED) controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) method for power electronic systems, employing virtual time ratio (VTR) regulation to achieve CHIL function. Specifically, the proposed VTR in CHIL simulation is introduced to define the time ratio at which the mathematical model of the power circuit runs in the simulator. Additionally, by adjusting different VTRs, the data interaction between the simulator and controller is modified and employed as an event to trigger both simulation and control calculations, ensuring a precise correlation between simulation data and control information. The proposed EDSED CHIL simulation method is validated through CHIL and full hardware experiments involving a power electronic transformer and a multi-port power router. This paper offers an effective CHIL solution for testing control strategies and codes in power electronic systems characterized by complex coupling and high frequency.

A new double mode control strategy for power router with very wide DC voltage range

AbstractIn household applications, the power router is a cost‐effective device for AC/DC power conversion. To make it compatible with various types of DC loads without introducing extra power conversion stages, it is important that the power router can work in an extremely wide DC voltage range. However, this poses great challenges for the controller design. To address this concern, a double mode control scheme is proposed. The high frequency resonant DC/DC converter is employed together with a DC/AC converter to form the power router. Its circuit features on voltage gain and active power ratio are presented to guide the accurate controller design. Mode I is designed to ensure the high efficiency DC/DC conversion while the desired output DC voltage of power router is tracked by a DC/AC converter. For mode II, the phase shift scheme is triggered to eliminate the loss induced by the reactive power, and the desired output DC voltage is adjusted by DC/DC converter. Mode I and II cooperate to guarantee the wide DC voltage range to satisfy different load requirements. The experimental validation in a lab‐scale power router prototype shows that the proposed scheme not only provides extremely wide voltage range, but also guarantees high efficiency by effectively tracking the resonant frequency.

Local Frequency Modulation Strategy Based on Controllable Load Characteristic Identification of Multi-Port Power Router

The scarcity of inertial resources in the new AC–DC hybrid grids makes the grid frequency prone to fluctuation. In this paper, the relationship between the grid-side and load-side characteristics of the power router is constructed. By adjusting the port load parameters, the load power can respond quickly to the fluctuation of the grid frequency, thereby realizing rapid support of the grid frequency. Firstly, two kinds of mathematical models for sensitivity identification of load characteristics, variable voltage and variable frequency, are established to calculate the characteristic parameters of a multi-port load. The allocation rules of port power and allocation coefficients are designed according to the parameters. A frequency modulation control method that matches the load response capability of the multi-port router is proposed. Then, taking into consideration the uncertainty of load group characteristics and power, a variable coefficient frequency modulation control strategy for a multi-port power router that can adapt to the adjustable margin of loads is proposed. The proposed model is built based on a Simulink platform for validation. The simulation results show that the proposed frequency modulation strategy can be added, and the frequency modulation performance of the power grid is further improved compared to the situation without this method. The frequency is suppressed to 49.93 HZ. It is verified that this method can make the controllable load respond sensitively and effectively to grid disturbance.

Electrical Grids Based on Power Routers: Definition, Architecture and Modeling

Recent studies have developed a power electronic device known as the power router, able to fully control the power flows over the connected power lines. The present paper aims to extend the application of power routers to an electrical grid and explore its characteristics and limitations. It defines the power router grid concept, including the conditions for interconnection and architecture; it proposes a mathematical modelling methodology, analyses its operational requirements, and explores the degree of flexibility the proposed grid architecture provides. Finally, two case studies are presented to show the application of the power router grid in a practical example.

Simulation of Power Router-Based DC Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Units

The development of the electric power industry needs to be understood against the current backdrop of the transition to technological platforms facilitating the adoption of smart grids. Smart grids can be made up of separate clusters (microgrids) consisting of power consumers, power grids, and distributed generation (DG) units. To improve energy efficiency, DC microgrids can be integrated into smart grids to deliver power to consumers within a building (or several buildings) and at the sites of C&I facilities. It is advisable to carry out integrations of DC and AC microgrids with DG and energy storage units on the basis of power routers used to couple grids of different voltage classes. This study outlines a computer model of power router-based integration of DC and AC microgrids with distributed generation and energy storage units. The model was developed in the MATLAB environment. The paper also features the results of a study of the proposed methods as applied to voltage control under normal and emergency operating conditions of a DC and AC distribution grid.

Novel NOC Architecture for Designing and Implementing a Low Power Router using FPGA

The NOC architecture assumes critical detail at the same time as making plans correspondence frameworks to machine on chip. A noc engineering is higher-excellent over commonplace shipping, common delivery plan then crossbar interconnection layout intended for a on chip businesses. Improve a nice of provider, Throughput, Congestion and state of being inactive in a NoC, The proposed engineering steadily set up itself concerning device modules, as an instance, package deal based, transfer and statistics parcel size with the aid of various the states of correspondence additionally it is necessity at a run time. Within a network on Chip remained making use of stretched out XY calculation to development execution of correspondence. Proposed configuration work evades a halt then information misfortune in a manner with a assistance of this plan. It is able to accomplish low idleness with excessive statistics thru put. Inside this paper we are getting a beyond strategy and a proceed toward a dynamic reconfigurable transfer in a community on Chip without affecting SoC functionality. Reconfigurable VLSI engineering designed for a switch is a number one answer for a correspondence interface nature of management go adaptability of enterprise, value of chip. 2 The plan is created utilizing verilog HDL language and tried on modelsim to the useful rightness. An layout is created has to conquer a portion of the crucial systems administration issues like prevent and stay bolts. It is moreover executed and attempted on maximum latest Xilinx FPGA for the real execution. This paper affords the particular. Analysis and selection inside the dynamic reconfigurable router in a network on Chip.

Routing optimization on power packet dispatching system based on energy loss minimization

Power packet dispatching system has been proposed for smart power management in the form of discretized packet. In this paper, we discuss the routing optimization of power packets on the network of power routers. We propose a cost metric for the power packet delivery by circuit analysis of the router network. Using the metric, we formulate the optimization problem as a general shortest path problem from a source node to a load node. The result of numerical simulations shows that the proposed algorithm can allocate distributed power sources to load demands and identify the optimal path for the power delivery.

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Port AC-DC/DC-DC Embedded Based Energy Flow Optimizing Using Resilient Power Flow Control (RPFC) Technique

In recent decades, the utilization of renewable power sources has proven to be a reliable and clean vitality more universal, and with specific ultimate goals to achieve efficient and renewable energy power generation. The proposed system is improve the stabilize energy flow between micro grids and the main grid. The power generation of the each and every renewable sources are monitored and controlled by the proposed Resilient Power Flow Control (RPFC) system and also the energy flow variation of the grid system is analyzed and presented in this paper. This work demonstrates the role of energy routers in optimizing the efficient and flexible way of energy stabilization in grid system. This analysis model establishes the entire system, including power routers, interconnected microcircuits, and the main grid. Interconnected microcircuits were analyzed by various controller facilitated by power routers, and corresponding control strategies were developed. The proposed system shows the effectiveness and reliability of the control strategy for micro-grid interconnection and flexible energy flow correspondence.

A Power Control Method for Hybrid Electrical Accommodation Systems

This paper presents a power control method for a hybrid electrical system, which enhances a conventional main AC grid by adding a DC sub-grid in parallel. In this system, each prosumer connects to the sub-grid via a couple of half-bridge inverters of a device called a power router. All of the power routers connected to the sub-grid are controlled such that they maintain the voltage of the sub-grid equally, which is an essential feature of peer-to-peer power accommodation without synchronization. This paper proposes an adaptive hysteresis current-control technique for controlling sub-grid-connected inverters that maintains the voltage of the sub-grid while accommodating a given power. The proposed control method also balances currents between positive and negative lines of the sub-grid simultaneously. The proposed control method is implemented on a high-speed FPGA-based digital controller and is evaluated on three prototypes of the power router. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields fast and stable responses and enables the power router to accommodate power with a high accuracy.

Design and Research of Electric Energy Router Based on Double Sliding Mode Control

With the continuous popularization of the concept of the energy internet, the electric energy router, as a key device in the energy internet, has become a research hotspot. The research has designed an electric energy router with a DC bus structure, which is under the double sliding mode control of outer loop voltage and inner loop current. It is verified by PLECS simulation and comparative analysis of Buck circuit PID control and sliding mode control. Design the overall circuit, verify the feasibility of its structure through simulation, and analyze its working status in grid-connected and island mode. The results show that the power router of this architecture can automatically switch the operation mode, realize the free conversion of "source-network-charge-storage", and solve congestion and faults. Through the comparative analysis of PID and sliding mode control, it can be seen that the dual sliding mode control is more advantageous in terms of dynamic characteristics and response speed. The use of dual sliding mode control is simple to implement, which has better error adjustment characteristics and strong robustness, and the addition of distributed power generation can reduce environmental pollution.

Research on power control strategy of household-level electric power router based on hybrid energy storage droop control

In the light of user-side energy power control requirements, a power control strategy for a household-level EPR based on HES droop control is proposed, focusing on the on-grid, off-grid and seamless switching process. The system operating states are divided based on the DC bus voltage information with one converter used as a slack terminal to stabilize the DC bus voltage and the other converters as power terminals. In the on-grid mode, the GCC and the HES are used as the main control unit to achieve on-grid stable operation, whereas in the off-grid mode, the PV, HES and LC are used as the main control unit at different voltages to achieve stable operation of the island network. Finally, a DC MG system based on a household-level EPR is developed using the PSCAD / EMTDC simulation platform and the results show that the control strategy can effectively adjust the output of each subunit and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.

Decentralized algorithms for consensus-based power packet distribution

Power packets are proposed as a transmission unit that can deliver power and information simultaneously. They are transferred using the store-and-forward method of power routers. A system that achieves power supply/demand in this manner is called a power packet network (PPN). A PPN is expected to enhance structural robustness and operational reliability in an energy storage system (ESS) with recent diverse distributed sources. However, this technology is still in its early stage, and faces numerous challenges, such as high cost of implementation and complicated energy management. In this paper, we propose a novel power control based on decentralized algorithms for a PPN. Specifically, the power supply is triggered and managed by communications between power routers. We also discuss the mechanism of the decentralized algorithm for the operation of power packets and reveal the feasibility of the given control method and application by forming biased power flows on the consensus-based distribution.