Power Plant Building Research Articles

Research on Internal Flooding Analysis of Small Modular Reactors Based on Particle Method

Abstract The analysis of internal water flooding in nuclear power plants is a necessary part of safety review in the approval process of nuclear power plant construction projects. According to relevant regulations, it is necessary to conduct water flooding spread analysis on pipelines, water tanks, or pools filled with liquid in nuclear power plant buildings, analyze the spread path and water flooding height. This article analyzes and calculates the flow characteristics of water in a nuclear power plant building using a fluid calculation method based on the Lagrangian method (particle method). Taking the small modular reactor JR building as a case study, it analyzes the spread and height of four water flooding sources inside the building. According to the simulation time of 1800S, the results show that the flooding caused by the No. 2 water source is the most severe, with a flooding height of 1.367m. Drainage or preventive measures need to be taken to prevent the pipeline from breaking accidents; The flooding sources 1, 2, and 4 have a relatively mild impact, resulting in a lower flooding height and will not have a significant impact on important safety equipment, with little impact on the safety of nuclear power plants. The CFD analysis method was used to conduct water flooding analysis for nuclear power plants, which has the characteristics of strong adaptability and good visualization. It can dynamically simulate the entire process of water flooding analysis and better guide the design of water flooding protection for nuclear power plants.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE 21

The main results of the reports at the "Solar Energy" section were considered and summarized, in particular, one of the areas of solar energy engineering - solar power generation. Specialists from Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the work of the section in this field. A total of 32 reports were presented, focusing on topics such as the implementation of distributed generation facilities based on photovoltaic systems, improving the energy efficiency of solar power plants, etc. The reports demonstrated the primary trends to highlight the issues of building and operation of energy-efficient solar power plants in today's realities.

Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and LSTM for Forecasting Maximum Wind Speed in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara

This study compares the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models for predicting maximum wind speed based on accuracy measured by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Based on the results of the research, the LSTM model is better than the ARIMA model in predicting maximum wind speed in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The best LSTM model has hyperparameters of 200 epochs; batch size of 32; learning rate of 0,001; and 8 neurons. Based on the evaluation results of predicted data against actual data, the MAPE value of the LSTM model is 19,40%. The benefit of this research is that it can contribute to the literature on the development of wind utilization as a basis for building power plants on small islands as a renewable resource, particularly in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara.

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Onsite Survey for External Human-Induced Events Aspect of the Nuclear Power Plant in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Every stage of the West Kalimantan Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) building process prioritizes safety. The external, human-induced events (HIE) aspect is one part of the NPP site survey, as some risks in the site evaluation procedure could compromise the safety of the activity implementers. As a result, a risk assessment study relating to occupational safety and health (OSH) is necessary. This study aims to determine the quantity of risk from NPP site survey activities in terms of the HIE aspect. The risk assessment method involves a literature review and collecting data from field verification using a quantitative method that refers to the risk assessment based on BATAN Standard 006.1:2019 to support the implementation of the OSH management system. Following that, the analysis begins with a hazard risk identification risk analysis to determine the risk probability scale and consequence scale acquisition that may result from the hazards. The research findings from the conducted assessment of risk related to the nonroutine HIE site survey show ergonomic, mechanical, and biological hazards that were developed during the preparation, field review, and reporting processes. The risk rating is category A, with a risk scale of 2, indicating acceptable risk and effective control measures. These data and information support site evaluation license requirements for Indonesia as it plans for the construction of NPPs.

Multidimensional Seismic Response Analysis of Large-Scale Steel-Reinforced Concrete Frame-Bent Structures in CAP1400 Nuclear Power Plant

Irregularity in the plane layout of a building structure and the vertical discontinuity of lateral resistance components could lead to torsion and result in the brittle failure of a structure. According to the characteristics of the conventional island main building of nuclear power plants, this paper focuses on the conventional island main building of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant (NPP) in Shidaowan as the research object. A prototype structure model of the main building was developed using ABAQUS software. The seismic response of the structure under multidimensional ground motion was studied by inputting the X-direction and Y-direction translational and torsional components of ground motion in ABAQUS. The results demonstrate that the overall transverse displacement of the structure under bidirectional ground motion was significantly higher than that under unidirectional earthquakes, which was about 20%. Under a multidimensional frequent earthquake, the transverse displacement of the structure increased by about 13% on average compared with that under a bidirectional earthquake; the longitudinal increase was the largest, at about 28%. Finally, the lateral displacement of each layer of the steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) frame-bent main building structure with few walls proposed in this article decreased by an average of about 17% compared to the traditional SRC frame-bent main building structure. The longitudinal displacement was reduced by about 14% compared to the traditional SRC frame-bent main building structure.

Design and Construction of a 3-Phase Axial Type BLDC Generator for PLTB

The need for electrical energy in remote areas to improve community welfare must be a concern for universities. The government's ability to build new electricity sources is very minimal because it requires large infrastructure and costs, but the government continues to strive to develop new power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to strive for innovation to build power plants from renewable energy sources. There is a need to use renewable energy as an alternative to replace electrical energy which is increasingly in crisis. One alternative energy that is easy to make is energy that uses magnetic force as a model for generating electricity. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are an alternative to current DC motors. This three-phase permanent magnet axial flux generator is specially designed for vertical-type wind turbines. This generator consists of two stators and one rotor. where each stator consists of 9 coils and the magnet used is a neodymium permanent magnet. Based on test results, this generator can produce a voltage of 12.57 VDC with a wind speed of 6.84 m/s. So, it can turn on DC lights and charge DC batteries. This three-phase axial BLDC generator was tested in 3 stages, namely without load, using battery load, and DC-light load with wind conditions depending on natural conditions.

Long Term Forecasting of Peak Demand and Annual Electricity Consumption of the West African Power Pool Interconnected Network by 2032

The uneven distribution of primary sources of electric power generation in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) compelled the heads of states to create the West African Power Pool (WAPP). The vision of this system is to set up a common electrical energy market to satisfy the balance between supply and demand at an affordable price using the interconnected network. Forecasting maximum power demand and energy consumption is essential for planning and the coordination of new power plant and transmission lines building. This work consists of predicting maximum power demand and total energy that must transit through the WAPP interconnected network by the year 2032. We compare the performances of three time series models namely the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Fb Facebook Prophet. Electric power and energy data used for training the systems comes from the WAPP authorties. The results show that, for monthly peaks, the Facebook (Fb) Prophet model is the best, with a MAPE (mean absolute error percentage) of 3.1% and a low RMSE (root mean square error) of 1.225 GW. For energy prediction, ARIMA performances are the best compared to others with (RMSE 1.20 TWh, MAPE 1.00%). Thus, the forecast for total annual energy consumption and annual peak demand will be, respectively, 96.85TWh and 13.6 GW in 2032.

An IT2FS-ANP- and IT2FS-CM-Based Approach for Conducting Safety Risk Assessments of Nuclear Power Plant Building Projects

This study proposes an approach for simultaneously treating fuzziness and randomness when conducting safety risk assessments of nuclear power plant building projects (NPPBPs). First, the interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) and analytic network process (ANP) were employed to establish an IT2FS-ANP method for modifying the solution for the weight vector and determining the mutual relationships between the assessment indexes and their weights. Second, the IT2FS and cloud model (CM) were used to establish the IT2FS-CM method to modify the solution for the expectation value. Third, the IT2FS-ANP and IT2FS-CM methods were combined to establish a model for ranking the safety risks and determining the overall safety risk level. Finally, the approach was applied to an NPPBP in northeast China to validate its applicability.

Building and Experimenting Solar Chimney Power Plant

Recently several resources of sustainable and clean energy have been developed, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and others. The Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP), which is among those harnessing solar power where a stream of air is induced by adding heat through solar irradiation using the greenhouse effect, is rarely utilized for generating power. The hot air flows through the chimney under the effect of buoyancy force which in turn drives a vertical axis wind turbine. Although this technique is investigated by many reports, unfortunately, it is still in the laboratory phase. However, it might be an optimal solution for zones where operating other techniques is not efficient for various reasons. In this project, an SCPP prototype was built and tested in Anbar, a central province in Iraq. The impact of various design parameters on power generation was assessed. The experimental results prove the feasibility of SCPPs for generating electricity at low costs and the suitability of building SCPPs in countries technologically less developed with specific weather conditions and scarcity in water resources that are normally needed for cleaning solar panels, for example.

Peer-to-Peer Transactive Computation–Electricity Trading for Interconnected Virtual Power Plant Buildings

Advancements of the virtual power plant (VPP) concept have aggregated buildings as their power plants and/or service providers. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer transactive computation–electricity trading framework for multiple-building virtual power plants (BVPPs). In this framework, the interconnected BVPPs can proactively trade their available computation–electricity with each other. Multiple BVPP trading is an intractable optimization problem due to its strong computation–electricity decision-making couplings. Thus, the original problem is described as a game theoretic problem and resolved into the sequential subproblems of social computation–electricity allocation and payoff allocation. By considering the local decision-making of heterogeneous BVPPs, a fully distributed algorithm is further designed to optimize the trading problem by sharing only limited trading information. Finally, a three-BVPP system is used to verify the merits of system resource utilization and operational economy.

Assessment of the thermal effect of large industrial buildings on permafrost foundation soils in Yakutsk

The results of monitoring studies of the ground thermal state beneath the Yakutsk Combined Heat and Power Plant buildings are presented in order to determine their structural stability and the possibility of further trouble-free operation of the entire complex of the structures. The main causes for the formation of water-bearing taliks under and adjacent to the buildings are presented, and the factors influencing the existing geocryological situation are discussed. The continuing stable state of the buildings demonstrates the possibility of using two construction principles on permafrost at one site, including preserving permafrost and accommodating permafrost thawing.

INDUSTRY AND ELECTRIFICATION OF UZBEKISTAN IN 1920-30 YEARS

In the article, the changes that took place in Uzbekistan's industry in 1920-1930, news in the field of electricity production, newly built power plants and their capacities are highlighted based on new factual information.

Effective prediction finite element model of pull-out capacity for cast-in-place anchor in high strain rate effects

Cast-in-place anchors are being increasingly used in many applications including building construction, bridge, and power plants. The anchorage to concrete systems are subjected to tensile, shear and combined loads from a variety of loading circumstances including static, dynamic, and shock loading. Despite extensive studies on these systems, reliable numerical models for predicting the behavior of these anchors are still limited. Therefore, this paper investigated the tensile behavior of cast-in-place anchorage to concrete systems, to propose an effective model for reproducing anchorage behavior using finite element (FE) methods. Experiments and code-based models for the anchorage system in tension were used to evaluate the numerical models for cast-in-place anchors in concrete, and the most suitable model, with advantages in accuracy and saving analysis time, was chosen. Finally, the FE model was used to study the tensile capacity and related dynamic increase factor for various strain rates, anchor diameters, and embedment depths.

Feasibility Analysis of Compressed Air Energy Storage in Salt Caverns in the Yunying Area

With the widespread recognition of underground salt cavern compressed air storage at home and abroad, how to choose and evaluate salt cavern resources has become a key issue in the construction of gas storage. This paper discussed the condition of building power plants, the collection of regional data and salt plant data, and the analysis of stability and tightness. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods were put forward from four aspects, including ground comprehensive conditions, regional geological conditions and formation lithology, salt mine characteristics, stability, and tightness of salt caverns. The limit equilibrium theory was applied to establish the limit equilibrium failure mode of salt caverns under operating pressure, and the stability coefficient calculation method of the target salt cavern was determined by combining the mechanical characteristics. Based on the physical and mechanical properties of salt rocks, it was found that salt rocks with enough thickness around the salt cavity could be used as sealing rings to ensure the tightness of the salt cavern. Combined with the field water sealing test, the tightness of the target salt cavern is verified. This method has been applied to the salt cavern screening and evaluation of a 300 MW compressed air energy storage power plant project in Yingcheng, Hubei Province, and remarkable results have been obtained, indicating the rationality of the method.

Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant

Geothermal power plants (GPP) with high non condensable gases (NCG) content geothermal fluid have shown to be environmental impacting relating to their energy production, which could be critical if no corrective actions are achieved. The GPP of Kizildere 3 U1, located in Türkiye (Denizli), in where the geothermal fluid contains high percentage of CO2, 99% of the NCG fraction, which represents the 3% of the geothermal fluid mass, is taken as a relevant case study to implement a new innovation consisting of NCG reinjection to reduce the amount of NCGs released to the atmosphere. In order to calculate the present environmental impacts which the plant is causing (baseline); and the potential reduction of environmental impacts which can be achieved with the innovation (reinjection), a life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation were developed. Primary data were collected for all the relevant stages of the energy conversion cycle and complemented where necessary with secondary data from other geothermal power plants studies. The main results of the baseline environmental assessment show that the construction phase is the most impacting phase due to the materials used in the power plant building construction, electrical generation equipment and distributed machinery and infrastructures; the effects in the operation phase are dominated by the geothermal fluid composition. In this sense, the application of CO2 reinjection at the Turkish site into the reservoir will prevent the emission of 1,700 tons·year−1 in the pilot site and 10% of the total emissions released along the life span of the GPP.

Identification of Permeable Structures and Heat Source in the Geothermal Working Area of Galunggung Volcano and the Heat Source Connectivity to the Karaha-Cakrabuana Area Using Gravity Data

Galunggung volcano area is a geothermal concession area that adjacent with Karaha-Cakrabuana concession area with a distance around 1 km. Indonesian Government planning to build power plant in 2025 so additional research needed to support the plan. Gravity survey could help in identifying permeable structure (fault) as well as heat source to a certain depth. The results of data processing showed the presence of faults seen on the FHD, SVD, and ABL residual maps, while for heat sources it was shown from the closed contour patterns on the ABL, residual, and regional maps. Derivative analysis in strengthens the position and type of fault from the match between the maximum FHD value and zero SVD value. From these results, identified the existence of three faults in the study area and were all identified as normal faults. 3D modelling gave a picture of density contrast in research area. From the section profile that pass through Galunggung and Telaga Bodas crater, heat source was interpreted as density with value 2.8 – 3.0 gr/cm3 and marked by orange to red color that coincide below Galunggung crater and continoued to Talaga Bodas crater at depths below -3000 masl. This indicate that both concession area was connected.

Effect of slab stiffness on floor response spectrum and fragility of equipment in nuclear power plant building

The floor response spectrum (FRS) is used to evaluate the seismic demand of equipment installed in nuclear power plants. In the conventional design practice of NPP structure, the FRS is simplified using the lumped-mass stick model (LMSM), assuming the floor slab as a rigid diaphragm. In the present study, to study the variation of seismic response in a floor, the FRSs at different locations were generated by 3-D finite element model, and the response was compared to that of the rigid diaphragm model. The result showed that the FRS significantly varied due to the large opening in a floor, which was not captured by the rigid diaphragm model. Based on the result, seismic fragility analysis was performed for the anchorage of a heat exchanger, to investigate the effect of location-dependent FRS disparity on the high confidence low probability of failure (HCLPF).

Biomass power plants

Biomass power plants

Arundhati Roy’s Critique of Big Projects: An Eco-critical Perspective

The present article endeavors to analyze Arundhati Roy’s critique of big dams and projects. An attempt is made to bring home various dimensions and commitments that inform her critique of the big dams which cause more damage and devastation than serving the needs of the people at large. The primary focus is on Ms. Roy’s participation in the Narmada Bachao Andolan which is an Indian resistance movement that tries to prevent building of large dams, reservoirs and power plants. As the building of projects may lead to evacuation of villages and to lose immovable properties numerous environmentalists, humanists, activists and other personalities also have condemned the government for the decisions and implementations. Arundhati Roy is one among them who raises awareness of dangers of massive dams, of resulting forced relocation of people and of damage to environment. The present article is going to discuss the tireless and selfless service of Arundhati Roy and the NBA to tens of thousands of farmers, Adivasis and common people who are participating in the protest to oppose the aforementioned large structures constructed by the Narmada Valley Development Authority (NVDA). In conclusion, the article also attempts to bring out the various aspects and convictions that informed Roy’s critique of big projects.

Resistance of Gable Structure of Nuclear Island to Progressive Collapse in Conventional Island Shield Building of Nuclear Power Plants

The gable wall of the conventional island of a nuclear power plant carries various pipeline loads connecting the nuclear island and the conventional island. If the gable wall collapses and is damaged due to the progressive collapse of the main plant structure of the conventional island, it will directly threaten the safety of the nuclear island. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically study the resistance of the gable structure of the nuclear island to progressive collapse for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Based on the SAP2000 finite element analysis platform, this paper established a model of the reinforced concrete frame structure of the first span of the shield building on the conventional island of a nuclear power plant, including the gable. According to the alternate path method, the node displacement and bearing capacity responses were used to determine the critical components in the gable, and single column failures of the top four in importance were selected as different analysis conditions. Nonlinear static and dynamic methods were used to analyze the displacement, internal force change, hinge sequence of the gable structure on the side of the nuclear island, and the ability of the gable to resist progressive collapse. The analysis results showed that the gable structure of the nuclear island had good resistance to progressive collapse under four single column failure conditions, whether by nonlinear static or dynamic analysis, and the overall vertical displacement obtained by the nonlinear static analysis was larger than that obtained by the dynamic analysis.