Power Engineering Research Articles

Identification of incipient cavitation in control valve

Control valves as important elements in hydraulic systems are used to transport liquid and gaseous media, for example, water, water vapor, and hydrogen. They are mainly used in the power engineering, chemical industry, and so forth. Due to their large dimensions, the verification of hydraulic parameters is problematic. In the case of liquid flow, cavitation can occur, which is mainly characterized by noise, vibrations, or changes of hydraulic parameters. During the incipient cavitation in the valve, there are no noticeable changes in the hydraulic characteristics. The article, therefore, deals with the methodology of determining the cavitation by measuring and evaluating the characteristics of the valve, spectral analysis of noise, and vibrations during water flow. Mathematical modeling is also a suitable tool for determining the extent of cavitation in valve design. Newly created modified cavitation model, where the flowing medium is defined as a mixture of incompressible water and compressible gases (vapor and air), better corresponds to physical principles than the two-phase approach (water and vapor) with experimentally modified density and viscosity. Measured noise and vibration frequency characteristics and mathematically modeled pressure frequency characteristics identify cavitation in the (1 to 10) kHz range. The article proves that when identifying cavitation, the method of measuring hydraulic characteristics fails, but the method of measuring noise and vibrations is suitable in practice, i.e., in real industrial equipment, and the modified cavitation model is suitable for identifying cavitation regions in structural designs of the hydraulic elements.

АНАЛИЗ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ХМЕЛЕСУШИЛКИ С ЧАСТИЧНОЙ РЕКУПЕРАЦИЕЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Drying is an integral part of the technological process of commercial hop production. Depending on the production volume and the level of automation of the process, there are several ways to dry hop cones, including convective, microwave and sublimation. At the same time, dryers have different ratios of quality and productivity. Reducing energy costs for drying hops is an important area in the development of hop growing. In this regard, modernization and analysis of the productivity of hop dryers is a pressing issue in the current conditions of rising production costs. The aim of the research is to analyze the productivity of the MXS-25 hop dryer, modernized by installing a heat pump in the air circulation circuit and having adjustable heat recovery. The air temperature in the drying chamber was successfully controlled in the range of 60 ± 2 ° C. The preheating time required to achieve the air temperature was approximately 0.5 hours, which corresponds to approximately 5% of the total hop drying time. Comparison of the measured and calculated energy consumption values showed that the experimental values were in the range of 10.2 kWh to 11.5 kWh, averaging approximately 10.85 kWh during the experiment. Accordingly, the calculated values were in the range of 8.9 kWh and 10.2 kWh, averaging 9.55 kWh. A series of experiments comparing the drying performance using partial recovery showed that with an increase in the ambient temperature to 24 °C, the maximum relative moisture separation rate reached 6.23 kg/(kWh) with a bypass ratio of 0.86, which was higher than that of 5.54 kg/(kWh) for drying with full recovery. The partial heat recovery system is superior to the full recovery system in terms of energy efficiency and increased hop drying performance.

Study on the Ratio and Model Test of Similar Materials of Heavily Weathered Granite

To study the bearing characteristics of rock-socketed single piles on the southeast coast of Fujian Province, we conducted similar material ratio tests and single pile model tests. Initially, based on the mechanical parameters of strongly weathered granite, 10 groups of similar material samples were prepared using iron concentrate powder, barite powder, and quartz sand as aggregates, with rosin and alcohol as the cementing agents and gypsum as the modulating agent. Through triaxial testing and range and variance analysis, it was determined that the binder concentration has the most significant impact on the material properties. Consequently, Specimen 1 was selected as the simulation material. In the model test, the strongly weathered granite stratum was simulated using the ratio of Specimen 1. A horizontal load was applied using a pulley weight system, and the displacement at the top of the pile was measured with a laser displacement meter, resulting in a horizontal load–displacement curve. The results indicated that the pile foundation remained in an elastic state until a displacement of 2.5 mm. Measurements of the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the pile revealed that the model pile behaves as a flexible pile; the bending moment initially increases along the pile length and then decreases, approaching zero at the pile’s bottom. The vertical load test analyzed the relationship between vertical load and settlement of the single pile, as well as its variation patterns. This study provides an experimental basis for the design of single pile foundations in weathered granite formations on the southeast coast of Fujian Province and aids in optimizing offshore wind power engineering practices.

Optimal control theory for maximum power of Brownian heat engines

Optimal control theory for maximum power of Brownian heat engines

Rediscovering paternalistic leadership: a powerful engine for startup

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of paternalistic leadership, a predominant leadership style in Confucian-influenced East Asia, on the growth and innovation of start-up companies, particularly within the information technology sector. Contrary to the prevailing belief that paternalistic leadership stifles innovation, our findings reveal that this leadership style can significantly enhance business performance. This study identifies key mechanisms, such as fostering employee loyalty, improving decision-making processes, and encouraging proactive behaviours, that drive growth under paternalistic leadership. Empirical evidence shows that employees under such leadership exhibit entrepreneurial behaviours marked by innovation, risk-taking, and initiative, leading to measurable improvements in profitability, customer satisfaction, and market share. These results underscore the role of paternalistic leadership in accelerating the success of East Asian start-ups and provide valuable insights for organisations seeking to balance cultural leadership styles with the demands for innovation.

On Hysteresis In A Variable Pitch Fan Transitioning To Reverse Thrust Mode And Back

Abstract A novel hysteresis phenomenon during the transition to and back from the reverse thrust mode in a Variable Pitch Fan (VPF) is identified and characterised in this work. This is done by using a three-dimensional (3D) fully transient Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier?Stokes (URANS) with the transitioning fan blade aerofoils simulated by an adaptation of the mesh displacement method. The VPF is modelled to be transitioning in a modern 40000 lbf geared high bypass ratio turbofan engine architecture at "Approach Idle" engine power setting in a typical twin-engine airframe with the flaps, slats, and spoilers set for an aircraft touchdown airspeed of 140 knots. The transition to reverse thrust mode involves flow starvation into the engine, formation of recirculation zones in the bypass duct and the establishment of the reverse stream, all of which occurs in the opposing presence of the free stream flow at aircraft touchdown velocity. The transition back to forward flow mode involves the gradual re-establishment of the free stream which is opposed by the presence of the reverse stream within the engine. It is quantified that in the transition to reverse thrust, the blockage develops with a larger time delay than the disappearance of the blockage during the transition back due to the interplay of the temporal dynamics of fan blade motion and flow field response. The hysteresis phenomena described in this work are critical in properly developing control schedules to adapt for potential bi-stable flow field development during the landing run.

Determination of the Amount of Bilge Waste Generated by Motorized Fishing Vessels in Türkiye

When bilge water from ships is illegally discharged into the sea, it causes severe damage to the marine and coastal ecosystem. MARPOL Annex-1 does not cover many fishing vessels since it only covers vessels over 400 GT (gross tonnage). According to Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) data, only 174 of the 14064 fishing vessels registered in Türkiye are above 400 GT. In our country, only 63 of 325 fishing harbors have waste reception facilities to control and collect bilge water. In this study, the amount of bilge waste that fishing vessels can produce was calculated using engine power information, and it was determined that a fishing vessel can produce an average of 155 L/day of bilge waste. It was also calculated that the bilge waste from fishing vessels could be at least 463872 m3/year, which is more than the 416370 m3 bilge waste collected from all vessels in 2021 according to the data of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. As a result, it is assessed that this risk can be reduced by increasing the number of waste reception facilities, the legal responsibility of waste reception facilities for bilge waste of fishing vessels, and strict inspections.

Review on high-temperature superconducting REBCO trapped field magnets

Abstract Superconducting (SC) magnets can generate exceptionally high magnetic fields and can be employed in various applications to enhance system power density. In contrast to conventional coil-based SC magnets, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnets (TFMs), namely HTS trapped field bulks (TFBs) and trapped field stacks (TFSs), can eliminate the need for continuous power supply or current leads during operation and thus can function as super permanent magnets. TFMs can potentially trap very high magnetic fields, with the highest recorded trapped field reaching 17.89 T, achieved by TFSs. TFMs find application across diverse fields, including rotating machinery, magnetic bearings, energy storage flywheels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, a systematic review of the advancement of TFMs over the last decade remains lacking, which is urgently needed by industry, especially in response to the global net zero target. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of TFMs, including simulation methods, experimental studies, fabrication techniques, magnetisation processes, applications, and demagnetisation issues. Several respects have been elucidated in detail to enhance the understanding of TFMs, encompassing the formation of HTS bulk composites and TFSs, trapped field patterns, enhancement of trapped field strength through pulsed field magnetisation (PFM), as well as their applications such as SC rotating machines, levitation, and Halbach arrays. Challenges such as demagnetisation, mechanical failure, and thermal instability have been illuminated, along with proposed mitigation measures. The different roles of ferromagnetic materials in improving the trapped field during magnetisation and in reducing demagnetisation have also been summarised. It is believed that this review article can provide a useful reference for the theoretical analysis, manufacturing, and applications of TFMs within various domains such as materials science, power engineering, and clean energy conversion.

Influence of External Clearance Variation on Vibration Characteristics of Ship Electrically Assisted Turbocharger Rotor Bearing System

Electrically assisted turbocharging (EAT) technology is an important technical means to effectively solve the problems of insufficient intake air and poor transient response of traditional turbocharged engines at low speed or acceleration, and to realize the electrification of marine internal combustion engine power system. In the EAT design stage, the original rotor model of a marine turbocharger was established and verified. Subsequently, the EAT rotor dynamics design and analysis were carried out, and the influence of the unbalanced phase and external clearance on rotor vibration was discussed. The results show that when the external clearance is small, extensive sub-synchronous vibration occurs and bifurcation occurs at high speed. When the external clearance is large, the sub-synchronous vibration component almost disappears but high synchronous vibration occurs at a high speed. At the same time, the shaft is significantly affected by the gravity load at low speeds, and the rotor makes a balanced motion on the critical limit cycle at high speed. In order to minimize the vibration and noise of the same type of EAT, it is recommended to control the outer clearance of the EAT bearing in the range of 0.30–0.36[Formula: see text]mm. The research content provides a reference for the dynamic design and analysis of the EAT, which effectively helps the development of the original engine of the ship electric auxiliary turbocharger and improves the operation stability of the EAT.

Investigation of Onboard Power Generation Method Using Waste Energy at Altitude Conditions

Abstract Demand for increased onboard power generation on small aircraft is ever growing due to increased electrical power demand. The objective of this study is to investigate onboard power generation using waste energy at various altitude and ambient conditions. Experiments were performed on a 2-liter turbocharged direct-injection intermittent combustion engine fueled with jet fuel (F-24). The turbocharger has an integrated motor-generator system that is designed to generate electricity using the enthalpy in the engine exhaust, or to use as a motor to rotate the turbocharger using the energy stored in onboard energy storage device. An electrically actuated wastegate was used to control useful exhaust flowrate that is used to generate electricity. An external power supply system was used to emulate the energy storage. The engine was installed in the US DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory?s altitude chamber in which absolute outside air pressure was controlled up to 37.6 kPa to simulate the altitude conditions up to 7,620 m (25,000 ft). Three different ambient conditions were selected to represent International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), polar, and tropical conditions. Based on the experimental results, a response surface model was developed to predict the power generation of the motor-generator integrated turbocharger using waste energy as a function of altitude, engine power, and the wastegate position. The result from this study provides an insight into onboard power generation method using waste energy at altitude conditions.

Simulation of stainless ferritic-martensitic and austenitic steel hardening after irradiation in ion accelerator. Part 2. Development of a methodology for determining the ion mode irradiation of austenitic steels

A methodology for determining the irradiation mode for ferritic-martensitic steels at ion accelerator has been developed and experimentally substantiated, providing radiation hardening of these steels, identical to that realized under neutron irradiation. The change in Vickers microhardness is used as a measure of radiation hardening. The paper presents the results of a study of radiation-induced changes in the microhardness of austenitic steels 08Kh18Н10Т and 08Kh16Н20М2Т irradiated in reactors SM-3, VVER-440, BOR-60, SM-3 + BOR-60 to damaging doses of 10.2–33.7 dpa in the interval of temperatures 60–500°C. A study of radiation-induced changes in microhardness in a wider range of irradiation temperatures, post-irradiation annealing of irradiated steels was carried out in the range from 400 to 600°C, simulating irradiation at temperatures equal to annealing temperatures. Data are presented on radiation-induced changes in microhardness after irradiation in the ion accelerator of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation – Institute for Physics and Power Engineering named after A.I. Leypunsky (IPPE) with Ni+4 ions and He+ ions up to concentrations of 0–7 appm/dpa at damaging doses of 13–30 dpa and temperatures of 300–650°. A transition function has been established that connects the irradiation of temperatures during neutron and ion irradiation at a given damaging dose, ensuring the same radiation hardening of austenitic steels.

Simulation of stainless ferritic-martensitic and austenitic steel hardening after irradiation in ion accelerator. Part 1. Development of a methodology for determining the ion mode irradiation of ferritic-martensitic steels

A methodology for determining the irradiation mode for ferritic-martensitic steels at ion accelerator has been developed and experimentally substantiated, providing radiation hardening of these steels, identical to that realized under neutron irradiation. The change in Vickers microhardness is used as a measure of radiation hardening. A study was carried out of radiation-induced changes in the microhardness of ferritic-martensitic steels 07Kh12NMFB and EP-823 after neutron and ion irradiation to damaging doses of 10–30 dpa in the temperature range 350–600°C. These materials were irradiated with neutrons in the reactors BOR-60, BN-600 and in the ion accelerator of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation – Institute for Physics and Power Engineering named after A.I. Leypunsky (IPPE) with Fe3+, Fe4+ ions and He+ ions to concentrations of 0.2 and 4 appm/dpa. A transition function has been established that connects the irradiation temperatures for neutron and ion irradiation at a given damaging dose, ensuring the same radiation hardening.

Optimization of power performance and combustion stability of ultra-lean combustion in hydrogen fuel engines through combined turbulent jet ignition and variable valve timing

Although pure hydrogen engines can achieve zero carbon and extremely low NOx emissions under ultra-lean combustion conditions, there are limitations with combustion stability and power performance. This paper combines turbulent jet ignition (TJI) and variable valve timing (VVT) technology, which not only improves the power output of pure hydrogen engines under ultra-lean combustion conditions but also ensures the engine’s stable operation. Therefore, this research reveals the working characteristics of TJI engines under lean conditions through numerical methods and explores the optimization characteristics of VVT on engine power performance and stability through experiments. The results indicate that TJI utilizes strong turbulence and multiple-point ignition to improve the efficiency of the mixture and combustion speed, ensuring reliable ignition capability under ultra-lean operating and achieving a stable and effective combustion process. According to the experimental results, the combination of TJI with VVT technology can ensure engine cyclic-variability of less than 1.5 % and the maximum values of Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are 4.5 bar and 41.6 %, respectively. This innovative technology combination not only enables the efficient and eco-friendly development of the transportation industry but also holds significant importance for promoting carbon-free fuels and environmental protection in the future.

A Study of Heat Recovery and Hydrogen Generation Systems for Methanol Engines

Biofuels are the most essential types of alternative fuels, which currently have significant potential to reduce CO2 emissions compared to fossil fuels. Methanol is a more efficient fuel than petrol due to its physicochemical properties, such as a higher latent heat of vaporization, research octane number, and heat of combustion of the fuel–air mixture. Also, biomethanol is cheaper than traditional petrol and diesel fuel for agricultural countries. The authors have proposed a new approach to improve the characteristics and efficiency of methanol diesel engines by using biomethanol mixed with hydrogen instead of pure biomethanol. Using a hydrogen–biomethanol mixture in modern engines is an effective method because hydrogen is a carbon-free, low-ignition, highest-flame-rate, high-octane fuel. A small quantity of hydrogen added to biomethanol and its combustion in an engine with a heat exchanger increases the combustion temperature and heat release, increases engine power, and reduces fuel consumption. This article presents experimental results of methanol combustion and a hydrogen-in-methanol mixture if hydrogen was retained due to the utilization of the heat of the exhaust gases. The tests were carried on a single-cylinder experimental engine with an injection of liquid methanol and gaseous hydrogen mixtures. The experiments showed that green hydrogen generated onboard the car due to the utilization of heat significantly reduced fuel costs of engines of vehicles and technological installations. It was established a hydrogen gaseous mixture addition of up to 5% by mass to methanol requires a corresponding change in the coefficient of excess air to λ = 1.25. Also, using an additional hydrogen mixture requires adjustment at the ignition moment in the direction of its decrease by 4–5 degrees of the engine crankshaft. Hydrogen gas mixture addition reduced methanol consumption, reaching a maximum reduction of 24%. The maximum increase in power was 30.5% based on experimental data. The reduction in the specified fuel consumption, obtained after experimental tests of the methanol research engine on the stand, can be implemented on the vehicle engines and technological installations equipped with an onboard heat recovery system. Such a system, due to the utilization of heat and the supply of additional hydrogen, can be implemented for engines that work on any alternative or traditional fuels.

Effect of Biofuel Use on Ship Engine

This research examines the effect of biofuel use on ship engine performance, with a focus on performance, efficiency and environmental impact. Experimental studies were conducted using four-stroke marine diesel engines operated with various blends of biofuels and conventional fuels. The measured parameters include engine power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and exhaust emissions. The results showed that the use of biofuels at certain concentrations can produce performance comparable to conventional fuels, with some significant differences. Engine power decreased slightly (2-5%) at high biofuel blends, but thermal efficiency increased up to 3% at optimal blends. Specific fuel consumption increased by about 5-8% compared to conventional fuel. Exhaust emissions analysis showed a significant reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate emissions, with up to 30% and 40% reductions respectively. However, there was a slight increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 5-10%. The study also identified several technical challenges in the use of biofuels, including the potential degradation of certain engine components and the need for fuel system modifications.

Improving strength-conductivity synergy of Al-Cu-(Sn/Er) alloy with nanoscale substructure

As a conductive material for power transmission, Al-Cu alloy is widely used in power engineering, microelectronics and other fields. In view of the contradiction between the conductivity and strength of aluminum alloy, Sn and Er elements were selected to micro-alloy Al-Cu alloy. Al-Cu, Al-Cu-Sn and Al-Cu-Sn-Er alloys were prepared by near-liquidus casting. After solution treatment, it was subjected to three-stage alternating process of rolling and aging. The effects of micro-alloying and alternating process on the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu alloy were studied. The results show that the precipitated phase Al2Cu of Al-1.12 Cu alloy is rod-shaped after the first-stage process, and the average size is about 278±87 nm. The precipitated phases in the Al-Cu-Sn alloy are Al2Cu (average size of about 206±79 nm) and nano-sized β-Sn particles. The fine β-Sn nanoparticles in the Al-Cu-Sn-Er alloy heterogeneously nucleated on Al8Cu4Er (average size of about 167±45 nm), making Al8Cu4Er grow into particles. After secondary processing, stacking faults (SFs) appeared in the substructures of the three alloys, and the precipitated phases were further refined. The size of most precipitated phases in Al-1.13Cu-0.12Sn and Al-1.01Cu-0.15Sn-0.22Er alloys is reduced to nanometer level. After the three-stage process, some of the Al2Cu precipitates in the Al-Cu alloy are also refined to the nanometer level, and the precipitates in the other two alloys are all refined to the nanometer level. Nanotwins also appear in Al-1.01Cu-0.15Sn-0.22Er alloy. The tensile strength of Al-1.13Cu-0.12Sn and Al-1.01Cu-0.15Sn-0.22Er alloys after three-stage alternating process is 303 MPa and 327 MPa, respectively. The elongations are 21.6 % and 23.3 %, respectively. The relative conductivity was 61.7 %IACS and 59.8 %IACS, respectively. The synergistic effect of microalloying of Sn and Er elements and three-stage alternating processing technology not only reduces the size of precipitates and twins in the alloy to the nanometer level, but also adjusts the distribution of dislocation tangles and stacking faults (SFs), improves the substructure configuration, and improves the mechanical and electrical properties of conductive aluminum alloys.

Utility-Scale Grid-Connected Microgrid Planning Framework for Sustainable Renewable Energy Integration

Microgrids have emerged as a crucial focus in power engineering and sustainable energy research, with utility-scale microgrids playing a significant role in both developed and developing countries like the Philippines. This study presents a comprehensive framework for utility-scale microgrid planning, emphasizing the sustainable integration of renewable energy resources to the distribution grid. The framework addresses the operational modes of grid-connected and islanded microgrids, emphasizing the seamless transition between these modes to ensure a continuous power supply. By leveraging local distributed energy resources, the microgrid aims to reduce dependence on the main transmission grid while enhancing resilience and reliability. The proposed planning framework not only eases the economic burden of constructing renewable energy sources but also aids distribution utilities in maximizing local resources to achieve sustainable energy goals. Through a detailed network analysis and modeling, the framework provides a robust foundation for optimizing the energy mix and enhancing the overall system performance. This research contributes to advancing microgrid technology as a key driver towards achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in promoting clean and affordable energy access.

Evaluation of green residues management of selected grape varieties

The paper presents the possibilities of energy management of residues from the cultivation of grapes of the ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’ and ‘Seyval Blanc’ cultivars. The research was conducted in southeastern Poland in the Sandomierska Upland in 2022. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the influence of grape variety on yield capacity in relation to the extraction of biomass residues in the form of leaves. An attempt was made to identify the variety that is characterised by obtaining the most effective and average parameters, i.e. yield size and quality, leaf mass and surface area, and their impact on energy and fuel parameters. The study analysed the following crop parameters, i.e. number and mass of grapes, number and mass of berries; leaf quality parameters, i.e. mass including petioles and area. An energy assessment in Laboratory in Department of Power Engineering and Transportation was carried out by performing proximate and ultimate analysis and estimating emission factors and volumetric composition of exhaust gas. The study showed that the material with the highest energy potential was characterised by ‘Regent’, while the lowest potential was shown for ‘Rondo’. Grapevines of the ‘Rondo’ cultivar were characterised by the highest obtained biomass among the evaluated varieties. The research showed that the most effective in practical cultivation is the use of the Regent variety, which was characterised by the average parameters of the obtained yield and growth values, and the highest fuel energy potential.

Evaluation of Advanced Biofuels in Internal Combustion Engines: Diesel/Fusel Oil/Vegetable Oil Triple Blends

In this research work, the feasibility of using fusel oil, a by-product of the sugar–alcohol industry, as an LVLC solvent in blends with straight vegetable oils (SVOs) and diesel was investigated. Concretely, diesel/fusel oil/sunflower oil (D/FO/SO) and diesel/fusel oil/castor oil (D/FO/CO) triple blends were prepared and characterized by measuring the most important physicochemical properties, i.e., viscosity, density, cold flow properties, flash point and cetane number. An appreciable improvement in cold flow values has been achieved with triple blends, without compromising properties such as calorific value and cetane number. Likewise, the triple blends meet the viscosity and density requirements specified by the European quality standard EN 14214 and the American standard ASTM D6751. After characterization, the triple blends were used on a diesel engine, evaluating different parameters such as power output, opacity, exhaust emissions (CO and NOx) and consumption at different engine loads. The results indicate that as the biofuel content in the blend increases, engine power decreases while fuel consumption rises. Nevertheless, the values obtained with D/FO/CO are better than those for D/FO/SO and are also very similar to those of fossil diesel. Regarding opacity values and NOx emissions obtained with the utilization of the triple blends, they are lower than those produced by diesel. However, in the case of CO emissions, it depends on the type of oil used, with the samples prepared with castor oil exhibiting the best results.

Analysis of Energy Efficiency Parameters of a Hybrid Vehicle Powered by Fuel with a Liquid Catalyst

A notable trend in the modern automotive market is the increased interest in hybrid cars. Hybrid cars combine a standard internal combustion engine with an electric motor solution. Research into increasing the energy efficiency of a conventional unit while meeting increasingly stringent exhaust emission standards is becoming a key postulate in this matter. This article discusses an analysis of modifying the fuel used by hybrid vehicles using the example of a selected drive unit equipped with a spark-ignition engine. This effect was tested after the Eco Fuel Shot liquid catalyst was added to the fuel. The research process was carried out in two stages, as follows: in road conditions using the Dynomet road dynamometer; and on the V-tech VT4/B2 chassis dynamometer. Tests were carried out to replicate road tests with a catalytic additive in the fuel. A mathematical model was created and the following energy efficiency parameters of the hybrid vehicle were calculated: the torque of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator; the rotational speeds of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator; the power of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator; the equivalent fuel consumption of the electric motor and generator; the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator; and the mileage fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator. The results of the tests made it possible to identify the benefits of using the tested liquid catalyst on the operation of the drive system of the analyzed hybrid vehicle. This research will be of benefit to both the demand side in the form of users of this category of vehicles, and the supply side represented by the manufacturers of power units.