Power Generation Technologies Research Articles

Application of Non-Fuel Power Generation Technology in Steel Industry

Through continuous equipment technology transformation and full utilization of Ma Steel's abundant gas, the boiler no longer relies on fuel oil for stable combustion during boiler startup, sliding parameter shutdown, and RB, thus achieving safe and stable operation of the boiler under any abnormal working conditions, and achieving good economic and social benefits.

Design of actuator motor acceleration model in dual axis tracker movement for stand-alone PV system

Stand-alone photovoltaic system or PV is a power generation technology with potential that is environmentally friendly and also one of the solutions for saving high electricity rates today. However, problems that often occur due to weather fluctuations that are always changing, especially North Sumatra, Indonesia result in the conversion produced by solar cells not being optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to do a new model with a dual tracker system and the development of accelerator motor actuators so that the resulting energy conversion is more optimal. The result of optimizing the reliability of the polycrystalline type solar panel which is designed with an additional photovoltaic tracker system to maximize the conversion of solar energy to solar panels is to obtain an output power of 303.72 volts DC and 267.52 volts DC in the position where the tracker is not used. Then the percentage increase in energy reached 29.80%. Dual axis tracker technology is able to maximize energy conversion in improving PV usage performance. The implementation of a stand-alone PV system will be beneficial if the installation is in Indonesian territory, especially in disadvantaged, frontier and outermost areas.

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV): Analysis of the Technological Transfer Process and Innovation Dynamics in the Swiss Building Sector

Solar has confirmed its dominance among all power generation technologies, and along with the demand for zero-emission buildings, Photovoltaics (PV) is contributing to transforming the building skin. More than 200 products for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) are commercialized nowadays in the EU market. However, only 1–3% of all PV installations are BIPV due to the weak penetration in the construction sector. At the state of the art, the sector lacks a specific analysis from a construction technology perspective, describing the dynamics and the traits that BIPV innovation articulates on construction and architectural processes. The authors, elaborating a new model from the building technology sector to explore the relationship between PV technology and architectural innovation, aim to identify the main principles, forms, and approaches that describe the structural organization of the “integrability” concept of PV in buildings. This study applies the method to a database of 233 real buildings located in Switzerland, a unique country leading with a 10% BIPV rate on PV installations documented between the years 1997 and 2023. The novel findings of the research suggest the definition of the levels of innovation and the reference traits of the innovative process of BIPV in the Swiss construction sector, which can also be used in other practical applications and contexts. The results of the paper are expected to impact both the scientific academy and the key players from the construction sector, encouraging the adoption of an integrated research and design approach to revolutionize the energy role of building skins with PV.

Analyzing the Implementation of Green Industries Practice at PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Tuban Plant towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

This research examines the implementation of green industry practices at PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant and its contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a state-owned multinational corporation in the cement industry, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant plays a significant role in integrating environmental sustainability into its business operations. Through a qualitative exploratory approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation study. The analysis revealed that the company has implemented various green industry practices across its operations, including the adoption of Alternative Fuel and Raw Material (AFR), Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation (WHRPG) technology, and community development programs. These practices align with several SDGs, particularly SDGs 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, focusing on clean energy, innovation, sustainable cities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, and life on land. The research highlights PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant as a pioneering entity in environmental management and community empowerment within the cement industry, contributing significantly to sustainable development efforts.

Evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen-fuelled reciprocating engines for renewable base-load power generation

This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of a photovoltaic power plant integrated with hydrogen energy storage and a dual-fuel reciprocating engine for gas-to-power and power-to-gas operations. The system is optimised for maximising constant grid supply, minimising CO2 emissions, and lowering the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) to assess its value in future energy landscape. Multi-objective optimisation identified a configuration with a hydrogen-fuelled engine generator offering a constant 10 MW grid supply with minimal CO2 emissions (78 kg/MWh), at a LCOE of $335.52/MWh. This system comprises a 93 MW PEM electrolyser, a 4 MW compressor, and 29 t of compressed hydrogen storage, within the limits of the industry’s current or projected capacities. A key highlight of the engine-based approach is its ability to readily enhance grid supply through increased diesel consumption without significantly impacting LCOE, provided CO2 emissions stay within acceptable sector cap. This flexibility surpasses alternative technologies. Further analysis explored potential LCOE reductions using global projected data, bringing optimised LCOE values down to $138.76/MWh, making it competitive to current market prices. Sensitivity analysis revealed the LCOE’s highest sensitivity to the discount rate, followed by minimal impact from variations in fuel and electricity prices due to the optimised system configuration. Furthermore, the tightening CO2 emission limits do not affect the optimised system’s performance, except for limiting the maximum achievable grid supply in 2050 by increased diesel reliance.

A Combined Ranking and Sensitivity Analysis of Power Generation Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Monte-Carlo Simulation

This research examined energy sources that can be employed in a region to assist policymakers in determining energy priorities. Three key components were analyzed in this research to rank these energy sources: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), CO2 emissions, and power density. A combination of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Entropy-the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), was used to assess these criteria, which had not been previously applied to rank energy sources. Additionally, the Monte-Carlo method was utilized to detect changes in sensitivity throughout the rankings. Results of the study indicated that gas energy topped the list, followed by Solar Photovoltaic (PV)-crystalline, geothermal, wind, nuclear, Solar PV Commercial & Industrial (C&I), Solar Thermal Tower with Storage, and residential PV rooftop solar. Moreover, nuclear energy ranked the highest when looking at the sensitivity of parameters, while utility-scale Solar PV and wind energy ranked the next highest. Thus, this research can be used to increase objectivity in the assessment and selection of power generation technology to be implemented.

A review on application and innovation of wind-solar power generation technologies based on dual carbon targets

With the increasing depletion of traditional energy sources, the greenhouse effect is becoming increasingly serious, mankind is in urgent need of clean and renewable new energy demand is increasing, in order to support the carbon peak&carbon neutral goal, in the future a longer period of time, the improvement of wind power age innovation is the principal procedure for the advancement of numerous nations today, many countries and international organizations to vigorously promote the development of wind power and photovoltaic power generation system will also continue to accelerate the development of new energy generation systems in China. Chinas renewable power age framework, which is basically founded on wind power and will keep on progressing, is being fiercely promoted by many nations and international organizations. This thesis mainly exemplifies the many applications of wind power generation technology in China based on the dual-carbon target through the approaches of literature reviews, and incorporates the inventive innovation model of wind power age innovation and different methodologies. Combined with domestic and international cases, this review summarizes how to solve the dilemmas faced by renewable energy technologies and how to optimize the operation and improve the efficiency of power generation by using innovative technologies, which can provide technical support for the realization of the dual-carbon goal.

A survey of geothermal power generation combined with renewable energy for low carbon emissions

Abstract At present, industrial development is heavily dependent on traditional fossil energy, which has had an increasingly serious impact on the environment. Clean and renewable energy has received extensive attention and its proportion in daily life has gradually increased. As a clean and renewable energy source that is not affected by changes in weather and seasons, geothermal energy has developed rapidly in recent years and has received increasing attention. According to reports, the total installed capacity of geothermal power generation in the world in 2020 was 15 950 MW—an increase of ~27% over 2015. At the end of 2019, the total installed capacity for global geothermal direct use was 107 727 MW—an increase of 52.0% compared with 2015; the total annual energy use was 1 020 887 TJ (283 580 GWh)—an increase of 72.3% over 2015. Through the investigation of geothermal power generation technology in recent years, the characteristics and shortcomings of various power generation methods are analysed. At the same time, this review analyzes the characteristics of geothermal energy and other renewable-energy (solar energy, water energy) coupling power generation, and analyzes the principles and characteristics of geothermal energy and various new-energy coupling power generation methods. Through investigation and analysis, this review provides a complete understanding of various geothermal power generation technologies and provides insights into the future development direction.

Optimal sizing of standalone hybrid renewable energy system based on reliability indicator: A case study

The economical electrification of rural settlements extensively utilizes renewable energy sources. In recent years, the deployment of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and biomass gasifier-based power generation technologies for electricity accessibility in remote regions has received greater prominence. This paper presents an optimal component design of a hybrid solar PV-wind and battery system along with a biomass gasifier to provide continuous electricity for rural communities of Uttarakhand, India. In this study, a recently developed population-based giza pyramids construction (GPC) methodology is applied to determine the optimal component sizing. The findings of the GPC method are contrasted with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) methodology to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The annualized system cost and levelized cost of energy of the hybrid renewable energy system have been minimized subject to technical reliability indicators such as loss of power supply probability and renewable fraction.Moreover, a systematic exploration of the system has been conducted to assess its optimal feasibility across different values of power loss probability ranging from (0% to 4%). The simulation indicates that the proposed method adeptly identifies globally optimal values, leading to a $177 decrease in annual cost and 8% reduction in average simulation time compared to PSO. The research reveals that the balanced point (relative attainment), where system reliability and cost-effectiveness intersect optimally, is achieved at a 3% power loss level, resulting in the most significant cost reduction of $199 compared to other probability levels.

Comparative study of different layouts in the closed-Brayton-cycle-based segmented cooling thermal management system for scramjets

The segmented cooling thermal management system based on the closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) is an excellent technology for thermal protection and power generation of scramjets. In this paper, a comparative study is conducted to investigate the system performance under different supercritical carbon dioxide CBC layouts. A zero-dimensional thermodynamic model was established to analyze the effects of compressor inlet temperature (T1), turbine inlet temperature (T3), and compressor outlet pressure (p2) on fuel mass flow rate for cooling (mf) and net power (Pnet). A quasi-one-dimensional flow and heat transfer model was developed to study the cooling effectiveness. Results indicate that higher T3 and p2 reduce mf while increasing Pnet in the simple layout (SL) and simple recuperated layout (SRL). However, in the recompressing layout (RCL), the effects of T1, T3, and p2 on mf are more complex due to the split ratio. Moreover, RCL has the lowest maximum wall temperature among the three layouts. Finally, after optimization, RCL has the lowest mf about 0.332 kg/s, which is a 19.8 % reduction compared to the regenerative cooling system. Correspondingly, RCL achieves the highest Pnet, reaching 109.89 kW. In general, the recompressing layout is most suitable for the CBC-based segmented cooling thermal management system for scramjets.

Preface

The 2023 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Electrical Technology (ICREET 2023) was held from December 22nd to 24th, 2023 in Tianjin, China via virtual form. With ICREET 2023, the conference series International Conference on Renewable Energy and Electrical Technology (ICREET) completed its second edition.ICREET 2023 attracted a number of papers related to renewable energy and electrical technology, including but not limited to: Renewable Energy Power Generation, Clean Production and Green Chemical Technology, Smart Grid Power Transmission and Distribution, Power System Modeling, Simulation and Analysis, Electric Traction Systems and Control, etc.All of the papers were exhaustively reviewed by the program committee members and peer-reviewers, who took into account the breadth and depth of the research topics that fall under the scope of ICREET. The most promising contributions were selected from all the submissions for presentation and inclusion in this paper volume, which presents innovative original ideas or results of general significance supported by clear and rigorous reasoning and compelling new evidence, as well as methods.The Conference agenda fell into mainly three parts, including keynote speeches, oral presentations, and academic investigation. Keynote speeches were performed by three distinguished professors: Prof. Abdul Hasib Chowdhury (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh), whose research interests include power system planning, stability, reliability analysis, contingency and security analysis, power quality analysis etc., talked on Torsional Resonance in Turbine-Generator Shaft Due to the Operation of Multiple Electric Furnaces at Close Proximity, Assoc. Prof. Hidayat Bin Zainuddin (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia), who has authored and co-authored over 50 technical papers comprising journals and conference proceedings, and contributed in reviewing articles for many conferences and journals published by IEEE, Elsevier, etc., on Ester Oil as Greener Insulating Fluid for Oil-Filled Transformers, Assoc. Prof. Norzanah Rosmin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia), who has 23 years’ experience in electrical engineering courses teaching and supervision of students’ projects and researches, and has published many papers in books, journals and conference proceedings and got numbers of awards for innovation projects based on her expertise, on Energy Efficiency and Energy Management System via Double Layer Approach for A Sustainable Future.We would like to acknowledge all the speakers, authors, Technical Program Committee members and anonymous reviewers for their efforts in making ICREET 2023 so successful. We’d also appreciate the support from the staff of Journal of Physics: Conference Series for making this volume published.The Committee of ICREET 2023List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Exergy Analysis of Off-Design Performance in Solar-Aided Power Generation Systems: Evaluating the Rationality of Using Part-load Operation Solution of Coal-Fired Plants

Solar aided coal-fired power generation (SAPG) technology has been proven to be an effective way of renewable energy utilization. However, the efficiency of coal-fired units declines at partial loads, and solar inputs may further force the system to deviate from its design condition. In particular, part-load operation solutions for coal-fired units (PLOS) are conventionally applied to the SAPG system, a practice whose appropriateness has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. This paper, therefore, selects a 330 MW SAPG plant as a case study to conduct an exhaustive exergy analysis under off-design conditions. The findings indicate that the governing stage of the steam turbine and the slip-pressure operation are the main contributors to the efficiency degradation at partial loads. In addition, solar input resulted in significant changes in key operating parameters, such as exhaust flow rate and the pressure of each turbine stage. Merely adopting the PLOS for SAPG systems results in a marked increase in standard coal consumption by 0.99, 2.82, and 3.63 g/kWh at 50%, 40%, and 30% load, respectively. However, the introduction of solar energy presents the potential to operate the unit more efficiently, particularly when valve point conditions are optimally adjusted. For instance, upon input of 28 MW solar thermal power, the #3 valve point condition shifted from a load of 321 MW to 330 MW, achieving a reduction in standard coal consumption by 0.96 g/kWh, compared to the design condition of the original coal-fired unit. This study underscores the irrationality of directly applying PLOS from coal-fired units to SAPG system without tailored adjustments for solar integration.

A Determination Method for the Biomass Lower-Calorific-Value-Based Blending Ratio in Co-Firing Power Plants

The accurate measurement of the biomass lower-calorific-value-based blending ratio (BLBR) is the premise and key to scale development of the power generation technology from co-firing of biomass and coal. However, existing determination methods of BLBR are less accurate, which has impeded the scale utilization of the co-firing technology of biomass and coal. To accurately determine the BLBR, this research proposed a flue gas sampling system suitable for determining BLBR through 14C quantitative analysis and established a medium-scale experimental platform for BLBR determination. In addition, predictive models for the lower calorific values of coal and biomass fuels were built and the BLBR calculation model for co-firing power plants was deduced. Furthermore, experimental verification of the BLBR determination was also conducted. The results show that the lower calorific values of coal and biomass fuels are highly linearly positively correlated with the carbon content. The relative errors of the established prediction models for lower calorific values of biomass and coal are separately lower than 5% and 8%. The results indicate that the proposed BLBR determination method is accurate.

Evaluation of extracting biomass energy using a strategic decision support system

Electricity significantly influences the long-term development of society. Traditional power generation technologies have encountered numerous challenges. The rising demand for power generation and the scarcity of fossil fuel resources have prompted the adoption of renewable energy sources. Biomass is a renewable energy source that can be utilized to generate power and promote a more sustainable environment. This paper presents improved Pythagorean Probabilistic Hesitancy Fuzzy Set (PPHFS) multi-criteria information fusion processes. The development of connection numbers (CN) and the proposal of a distance measure between CNs have been initiated. The suggested solution involves a distance measure based on the CN score function. Set-pair analysis (SPA) is a prior uncertainty theory that incorporates three elements of CN and overlaps with the PPHFS. Biomass energy generation poses a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires a wide range of resources for evaluation. The study introduces a novel Projection Ranking by Similarity to the Referencing Vector (PRSRV) and Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (SECA) to effectively handle data ambiguity and generate weights for all criteria in the MCDM problem. The criteria’s weights were found to fall within the range of 0.2122 and 0.0232. The proposed method indicates that animal residues are the most desirable resource for bioenergy production, followed by municipal solid residues, agricultural residues, forest and crop residues, industrial residues, and algae. The research aims to assist decision-makers and organizations in evaluating and prioritizing various energy sources on a sustainable scale. The method presented exhibits superior data adaptability compared to other MCDM approaches.

A Parameter Optimization Design and Numerical Calculation Method for Circular Heliostat Field

Solar energy is a low-carbon, eco-friendly, clean energy source that is easily converted into heat and electricity, making the study of solar thermal power generation technology of great significance and with broad application prospects. To improve the performance of solar power plants, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the light reflectors. Both denser heliostats are needed to ensure enough light can be concentrated into the solar collector, thereby improving the power of the power station; at the same time, waste of material must be prevented, striving to increase output thermal power per unit mirror area. This paper is based on the background of the 2023 CUMCM Problem A. Firstly, it analyzes parameters such as the optical efficiency of the original heliostat field, the annual average output power, and the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area. Secondly, based on the data provided in the appendix, it analyzes the distribution pattern of the heliostat field and establishes an optimization design model for the heliostat field. Next, the optimization design model of the heliostat field is solved using discrete numerical calculation methods. Finally, according to the results of the model solution, the placement positions of the heliostats, the size of the mirrors, and the installation height are adjusted to improve the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area, thereby achieving an optimized design of the heliostat field.

MARITIME DEPLOYMENT PLANNING AND EXECUTION FOR FIELD TESTING OF OCEAN CURRENT POWER GENERATOR

To develop ocean current power generation, this study explored the planning and execution of the installation and deployment of a 20kW Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) system and anchoring system for field-testing in the southwest coast of Liuqiu Island. During the experiment, the 20kW FKT and anchoring system were loaded onto a vessel from the Kaohsiung Port Intercontinental Container Center by a barge and tugboat for deployment in the southwest coast of Liuqiu Island. The field testing of the 20kW FKT was conducted during this period, and upon completion, the unit will be retrieved. The deployment and retrieval of marine devices are easily affected by wave conditions, which increase the difficulty of the operation. Therefore, when designing the hanging and unhooking system, under the consideration of safety, the convenience of operation for the operators should be simplified as much as possible and safety, The study aims to further develop Taiwan's domestic ocean current power generation technology and provides maritime engineering experience through the installation of the 20kW FKT unit and field mooring tests. Additionally, this research seeks to facilitate a local marine green energy industry development through the economic benefits and commercialization of ocean current power generation.

Performance assessment and comparison of a catalytic steam reforming enhanced closed-brayton-cycle power generation system for hypersonic vehicles

Hypersonic vehicles as next-generation aircraft have broad applications, but existing technologies of onboard power generation are hardly applicable due to the change of engines. In this research, a catalytic steam reforming enhanced closed-Brayton-cycle power generation system based on is developed. This system combines the closed Brayton cycle (CBC) and catalytic steam reformed fuel vapor turbine (CSRFVT) to supply electric power. The zero-dimensional models of CBC and the CSRFVT are established to evaluate system performance. Results indicate the products with a water content of 30% have the strongest working ability, which can reach 330 kJ/kg. Moreover, the thermal efficiency and electric power of the parallel arrangement are higher than that of the series arrangement. Besides, the lower pressure of water is beneficial to the electric power. However, the difference in electric power between various pressures is less than 1 kW. In addition, under the same heat absorption, the total electric power of the system based on fuel and water is higher, and the former's outlet temperature of cooling channels is lower. The maximum total electric power of the novel system is about 120 kW. This research provides an innovative technical solution for the power generation of hypersonic vehicles.

Value Evaluation Model of Multi-Temporal Energy Storage for Flexibility Provision in Microgrids

With the advancement of distributed power generation technology and the deepening of the low-carbon transformation of energy structure, a high proportion of renewable energy has become an inevitable trend in future energy systems, especially for microgrids. However, the volatility and uncertainty associated with renewable energy pose significant challenges to the secure and stable operation of power systems, necessitating the exploration of the flexible regulation of resources. Energy storage, as a crucial flexible resource characterized by technological diversity and a variety of regulation capabilities, has been extensively studied and applied. Nonetheless, the high investment costs and limited returns of energy storage technology, coupled with the ambiguous utility in different scenarios under the current electricity market’s framework, complicate its broader application. To thoroughly analyze the utility of energy storage in facilitating flexible adjustments in microgrids, this study developed a composite weight-TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multi-criteria decision making) model for assessing the utility of energy storage that incorporates heterogeneity in the risk preferences. This model enabled a comparative analysis of the utility of energy storage technology across multiple scenarios, taking the risk preferences of decision-makers into account, thereby providing strategic insights for the application of multi-temporal energy storage in microgrids. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model were validated through a case study analysis.

Performance evaluation of linear variable valve actuation for a linear engine generator

The Joule cycle Linear Engine Generator (LEG) is a promising power generation technology with the potential to achieve zero carbon emissions. However, the LEG expander valve actuation system presents unique challenges due to its lack of a traditional crankshaft, the need for swift valve lift and reversal, and variable lift. This paper presents a Linear Variable Valve Actuation (LVVA) system for a LEG prototype. The LVVA system is powered by voice coil motors. Rigorous experimental investigations were conducted to analyze crucial performance factors, including energy consumption, force balance, energy flow distribution, and the relationship between valve lift duration and energy consumption. The results show that the LVVA system can achieve the desired valve lift and timing, as well as very small variations in LEG performance compared to the model using an ideal lift curve. The LVVA accounts for approximately 3.59 % of the LEG power output. The energy consumption of 1.607 J per valve stroke provides a slight advantage over traditional actuation systems. The obtained optimal lift curves were used to refine the LEG model. The influence of valve lift curves on LEG performance was evaluated which reveals rapid valve openings and relatively short duration contributing to improved LEG performance.

Characteristic Investigation of a Novel Aircraft SOFC/GT Hybrid System under Varying Operational Parameters

In this study, the implementation of a solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid engine for primary propulsion and electric power generation in aircraft is investigated. The following three parameters, which are crucial in attaining optimal performance at any point in the flight profile, were identified: the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the catalytic partial oxidation reformer, the fuel utilization factor of the fuel cell, and the airflow split ratio at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor. The study assesses the impact of varying these parameters within specified ranges on the performance of the hybrid system. At the design point, the system yielded a total power output of 1.96 MW, with 102.5 kW of electric power coming from the fuel cell and 7.9 kN (1.86 MW) of thrust power coming from the gas turbine. The results indicate that varying the oxygen-to-carbon ratio affected the fuel cell’s fuel utilization and resulted in a slight decrease in gas turbine thrust. The fuel utilization factor primarily affected the power output of the fuel cell stack, with a minor impact on thrust. Notably, varying the airflow split ratio showed the most significant influence on the overall system performance. This analysis provides insights into the system’s sensitivities and contributes to the development of more sustainable aircraft energy systems.