Power Equipment Manufacturers Research Articles

Assessing the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of China's power sector changes in 2010–2020

Power sector changes in China have far-reaching socioeconomic and environmental impacts. To achieve sustainable power transitions, it is crucial to analyze the impact patterns and mechanisms of power sector changes on socioeconomic and environmental systems. For this purpose, we develop a hybrid-unit input-output model with detailed power sectors and endogenous capital for accurately capturing the overall Socio-Economic-Environmental (SEE) impacts induced by power sector changes over 2010–2020, and underlying determinants are identified using the structural decomposition analysis technique. We find that China's power sector changes exerted positive SEE impacts especially after 2015, with a trade-off of creation in value added and employment over CO2 emissions growth. Revealing the impact mechanisms shows that supply chains embodied more impacts than direct demand variants induced by power operation and capacity investments. Increased generation of clean fossil power and expanded capacity investments of renewable power largely contributed to positive SEE impacts, particularly in fuel-related as well as power equipment manufacturing and metal production sectors, while the phase-down of subcritical coal power and capacity reduction of hydropower impeded SEE progress. Production structure improvement and employment intensity decline as well as power generation shifts toward wind and solar power led to negative SEE impacts alongside reductions in value added and employment, and CO2 emissions growth was further induced by more equipment-intensive investment structures. Our empirical results inform policymaking promoting sustainable power transitions.

Institutional barriers to the development of small-scale power generation in Russia

The energy strategy of Russia involves a transition to a diversified energy generation characterised by a structural diversity of plant types, as well as the use of small-scale energy technologies. The purpose of the study is to identify the barriers that hinder the implementation of small-scale power generation in the Russian Federation and justify the avenues for its development. Methodologically, the paper relies on the systems approach. Methods of content and logical structural analysis, in-depth interviews are applied. The empirical evidence comes from analytical reports, normative and legal documents, as well as results of surveys of 96 specialists in the field and heads of power plants and power engineering enterprises conducted during 2021– 2023. The findings indicate there are four groups of problems in the Russian energy system: technological backwardness; difficulties with integration of small-scale power generation facilities into the energy market; absence of state support mechanisms; surplus of power generation capacity. Accordingly, the paper provides recommendations for overcoming them, in particular, it is necessary to introduce mechanisms for the support of small-scale power engineering and integration with engineering and consultancy companies, as well as make use of energy service agreements; second, to introduce standards for connecting small-scale power generation facilities, develop guidelines for designing and commissioning them; third, to amend tax regulations and learn from successful foreign experience; fourth, to replace retired power generation equipment with new small-scale power generation facilities located closer to load centres. The theoretical significance of the research is linked with detailing the concept “small-scale power generation” as a segment of energy sector as well as its structure in relation to the Russian Federation, specifying classification characteristics of low-capacity power units. The findings are practically valuable for government authorities, power generation enterprises and equipment manufacturers due to the developed organisational and methodological guidelines.

High-temperature properties of dry air used as arc quenching medium and its mixture with vaporized C2F4 : reaction products and critical reduced electric field strength at 300–3000 K

Recently, electric power equipment manufacturers released a joint statement with the aim of developing high-voltage electrical equipment completely free of fluorinated gases such as fluoroketones and fluoronitriles, which are considered as alternatives to SF6 and artificially produced compounds of F. This paper considers air as a typical gas present naturally in the environment to investigate its high-temperature properties, including an air mixture with C2F4 vapor injected from a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle, for application as an arc-quenching medium in a high-voltage circuit breaker equipped with a nozzle. Chemical composition results for the reaction products at 300–3000 K show that the admixture of C2F4 vapor causes a decrease in the molar number of O2 contained in the air, owing to the production of O-containing compounds such as CO2 and CO . Additionally, the results reveal that the admixture of C2F4 vapor lead to the production of CF4 as the predominant F-containing compound. Furthermore, the boundary condition for O2 production in terms of O2 molar number XO2 and C2F4 molar number XC2F4 is formulated. Such evaluation of the mixture composition enables the determination of a reduced effective collision ionization coefficient αˉ/N and a critical reduced electric field strength Ecr/N , resulting in αˉ/N = 0. The strength Ecr/N for the mixture with 30%–100% C2F4 molar fraction rises to approximately 150 Td (1 Td = 1 ×10−21 V m2) over 300–3000 K, which is 20–50 Td higher than that for high-temperature air unmixed with C2F4 vapor. The variation in Ecr/N is discussed in terms of predominant electron impact processes and the electron energy distribution function in the mixture.

Research on Demand side Reactive Power Compensation Operating Lease Mode to Adapt to the New Situation of Energy and Electricity

With the development of economy towards green and low-carbon, higher requirements are put forward for energy conservation and efficiency enhancement of power system. To solve the problem of high initial investment and high risk of demand side reactive power compensation, this paper proposes a demand side reactive power compensation operating lease model. Power grid companies and equipment manufacturers combine service providers to undertake different division of labor and jointly serve users. The cost-benefit model of each participant is established, Optimize service fees with the goal of maximizing the net income of both users and service providers, and solved by chaotic cat swarm algorithm, An asymmetric Nash negotiation model is established to allocate service fees between power grid companies and equipment manufacturers. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Controlled ignition of low-carbon gas-engine fuels based on natural gas and hydrogen: process kinetics

The potential wide use of environmentally friendly low-carbon gas fuel based on natural gas, hydrogen, their mixtures, and syngas in power generation and transport requires detailed information about the kinetics of ignition of these gases at temperatures below 1000 K, at which fuel ignition occurs in internal combustion engines (ICEs) and gas turbines. The same temperature range is also important for monitoring the storage and transportation conditions of these fuels. Although there are quite a few studies addressing the ignition of classical gas fuels such as methane or hydrogen, there is an obvious lack of works dealing with real natural gases and gas mixtures. Furthermore, even for methane and hydrogen, data on the ignition at high temperatures (T > 1000 K), which have been mainly gained by the shock-wave method for highly diluted mixtures, are at variance with the kinetic estimations for real conditions of operating with them or their use in ICEs. Considering the ignition characteristics at T < 1000 K is also important for syngas, the largest-scale base product of gas chemistry and the main industrial source of hydrogen. The pronounced discrepancies between the extrapolation of the results obtained for high-temperature ignition to lower temperatures and the results of kinetic modelling of these processes make it necessary to analyze their causes. This review addresses new experimental results on the ignition of methane–alkane and methane–hydrogen mixtures (real gas fuels) and kinetic modelling of these processes, which reveal significant changes in the ignition behaviour at T < 1000 K. These changes in the ignition process upon the variation of the temperature, pressure, and composition of the mixture are related to significant changes in the methane and hydrogen oxidation mechanisms in this temperature range. They are mainly caused by changes in the kinetics and, hence, the role of peroxide compounds and radicals in methane and hydrogen oxidation following temperature and pressure variation. The established features bring about the question of the adequacy of the existing criteria for assessing the knock resistance of gas engine fuels, primarily those containing hydrogen, when they are used in ICEs, and for assessing their explosiveness and measures taken for their safe handling. The review considers the possible methods for improving the knock characteristics of natural and associated gases to meet the requirements of power equipment manufacturers.<br> The bibliography includes 128 references.

Study on the Influence of Organic–Inorganic Interface Properties on Breakdown Strength and Thermal Properties of MgO/PLA Composites

Polylactic acid (PLA) is expected to be widely used in green power equipment manufacturing due to its good mechanical properties and biodegradability. In this paper, the effects of MgO with different particle sizes and mass fractions on the thermal and electrical properties of PLA composites were studied. The experiment found that with the increase in MgO particle sizes and mass fractions, the thermal conductivity of MgO/PLA composites showed a rising trend, which was up to 165.4% higher than that of pure PLA. However, the heat resistance first increases and then decreases. For the electrical properties of MgO/PLA composites, the breakdown strength and volume resistivity decrease with an increase in MgO particle size and mass fraction. In order to further study the influence mechanism of the introduction of MgO with different particle sizes and mass fractions on the thermal and electrical properties of MgO/PLA composites, molecular dynamics simulation was used to simulate the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA composites doped with MgO of different particle sizes, and it was found that MgO doping weakened the movement of the PLA molecular chain segment. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it was found that in the MgO and PLA system, electrons have a tendency to migrate from the PLA matrix to MgO, which causes the formation of electron traps at the inorganic–organic interface and affects its electrical properties. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical reference for PLA composites in the manufacture of power equipment.

Assessing the Socio‐Economic Effects of Carbon Capture, Utility and Storage Investment From the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality in China

AbstractCarbon Capture, Utility and Storage (CCUS) is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and has great development potential in China. CCUS, as a long‐term new investment, can address global warming and has significant social and economic impacts. This paper assessed the socio‐economic effects of CCUS investment based on carbon neutrality in China by combining the dynamic GTAP model and the Input‐output method. The result indicates that: CCUS investment may accumulate US$ 67.09 billion and US$ 776.61 billion from 2026 to 2030 and 2056 to 2060, respectively, based on International Energy Agency (IEA) investment scenario. Moreover, the corresponding value may increase to 8.26 billion and 743.21 billion US dollars from 2026 to 2030 and 2056 to 2060, respectively, based on Asian Development Bank (ADB) investment scenario; CCUS investment may stimulate gross value‐added of US$ 1.2 billion and US$ 10.4 billion based on ADB and IEA investment scenarios, respectively. CCUS investment may mainly promote the machinery industry, metal manufacturing industry, other service industries, power equipment manufacturing industry, and light processing manufacturing industry; Furthermore, ADB and IEA investment scenarios showed that CCUS industrial investment may indirectly create about 12,796 and 103,886 jobs, respectively, and US$ 85 million and US$ 692 million of labor employment income, respectively, in 2030. The corresponding values may increase to 0.82 million and 0.85 million jobs, respectively, and US$ 5,168 and US$ 5,396 million employment income, respectively, in 2060.

Assessing the green distribution transformer manufacturing process using a cloud-based q-rung orthopair fuzzy multi-criteria framework

Popularizing green distribution transformers is a viable way to reduce power loss and environmental pollution and improve energy conversion and transmission efficiency, which has become the trend of power equipment manufacturing and market demand. However, due to conflicting multi-criteria and goals and factors, higher standards are required for green distribution transformer manufacturing. High standard manufacturing makes many manufacturers shoddy the internal components of green distribution transformers, resulting in disorderly competition in the market, which poses great challenges to the users' choice of transformers and the government's quality supervision. This paper proposes a cloud-based q-rung orthopair fuzzy multi-criteria framework for assessing the green distribution transformer manufacturing process from the perspective of conflicting relationships between criteria. It is applied to rank order four green transformer manufacturers in China based on the twelve mono-criteria under four categories of resource and energy utilization, production process and equipment, environmental coordination, green technology innovation, and their overall performance ranking results. Our analysis revealed that resource and energy utilization and green technology innovation is the motivating factors to improve the quality of green distribution transformer manufacturing and expert recognition, and the production process and equipment and environmental coordination are the inducing factors that reduce the quality of green distribution transformer manufacturing and the recognition of experts. These findings provide the demanders and government quality inspection departments with guidelines on the selection and evaluation of green distribution transformers, also identify the direction for the manufacturers to improve the technology and optimize the production of green distribution transformers.

Geopolitical and Economic Backgrounds for Japan’s Participation in International Associations at the Present Stage

Japan is one of the undisputed economic leaders in the Asia-Pacific region, despite the fact that in a number of macroeconomic indicators (for example, in nominal GDP) it gave the primacy to China in the late 2000s. Nevertheless, the positions of Japanese financial and industrial groups in the automotive and shipbuilding sectors, information technology, telecommunications systems, and power equipment manufacturing are still strong in the world markets. Tokyo also feels confident in the international political space - most regional problems are solved with the active participation of Japan. Accordingly, the Japanese government has all the possibilities to conduct a clear and consistent foreign policy with a maximum consideration for its own interests, as well as it has opportunities to attract a wide range of overseas partners to mutually beneficial cooperation within the framework of multilateral agreements. However, nowadays in the Asia-Pacific markets, Japanese corporations face increasing competition from Chinese and South Korean companies, which forces Japan to take into account new geopolitical situations and strive to softly promote its vision of regional development. The purpose of the study is to analyze Japans approaches to participation in current international associations and to assess the overall impact of these approaches on the geopolitical and economic space of the Asia-Pacific region. The research methodology is based on the apparatus of social sciences (comparative analysis, content analysis, economic and statistical analysis, synthesis, historical and logical methods), and is supplemented by a systematic approach to the research topic through the search and interpretation of the appropriate information.

The new coal champion of the world: The political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal-fired power plants

This study aims to explain why China has become a new coal champion of the world. From 2006 to 2019, our new data set shows that China has financed 14 percent of the newly installed coal fired power plants across 17 countries around the world. We deploy a ‘push and pull’ analytical model and combine both qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine the political economy of Chinese overseas finance for coal. Our analysis shows that the globalization of Chinese official development finance for coal-fired power is a function of both the pull by the demand from the 17 countries, which have turned to the Chinese policy banks for financial backing to build coal-fired power plants, and the push by the coal-fired power equipment manufacturing sector in China and the central government in Beijing, which have been confronted with a set of structural challenges following the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. Our findings carry some worrisome policy implications for the global effort to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from coal burning in the electric sector. Without changes on the demand side, and a profound re-alignment of forces within China, Chinese development finance for coal-fired power may prove relatively resilient.

LEVERAGING ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRANSITION TO CHANGE THE ENERGY NARRATIVE OF THE DARK CONTINENT

This study overviews sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainable energy transition (SET) and then examines - sub-Sahara Africa’s (SSA) participation in SET; challenges of power inadequacy, exploitation, and deployment of zero-carbon based energy; and steps to fast track renewable energy (RE) development and utilisation. The study identifies factors responsible for power inadequacy in the region to include poor power equipment manufacturing infrastructure, pillaging of power projects funds, use of obsolete power facilities, lack of maintenance of power facilities and stations, and abandonment of power facilities due to breakdown. The world’s quest to shift from the consumption of fossil fuels to RE has worsened the possibility of SSA overcoming these challenges. The study recognises the management of this shift and modern power attributes, such as decarburisation, digitization, and decentralisation, as to mitigate energy poverty and security, and climate change in the region, as the focus of sustainable energy transition (SET). The study pointed out that the critical steps that are required for socioeconomic growth and to change the negative energy narrative of SSA include - RE domestic capacity building; RE policy reforms to support RD reversed engineering approach; and other steps necessary to improve RE development.

Analysis and Research on Standard System and Technical Requirements of Jib Crane

Jib crane is one of the most important crane types. It has been widely used in lifting heavy load in ports, shipbuilding, hydropower construction, nuclear power construction, equipment manufacturing, railway, construction and metallurgy industries and so on. China is a leading manufacturer, user and exporter of jib crane, therefore this research will compare, analyze and study the standard system and technical requirements of jib crane between China, other countries or regions as well as international field.

Assessment of Current Capabilities and Near-Term Availability of Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbines Considering a Low-Carbon Future

Abstract A confluence of technology development, policy support, and industry investment trends is accelerating the pace of Hydrogen (H2) technology demonstrations, increasing the likelihood of power sector impacts. In preparation for a large scale power sector shift toward decarbonization for a low carbon future, several major power equipment manufacturers are developing gas turbines that can operate on a high H2 volume fuel. Many have H2 capable systems now that range from 5% to 100% H2. Units with 100% H2 capabilities are either using a diffusion burner or some version of a wet low emissions (WLE) burner. Most dry low emission/dry low NOx (DLE/DLN) technologies are currently limited to approximately 60% H2 or less. Therefore, research is currently underway to develop low NOx gas turbine combustion systems with improved Hydrogen capability. This paper provides an overview of the technical challenges of Hydrogen combustion and the probable technologies with which the manufacturers will respond.

Research on Localization of Serpentine Tube High Pressure Heater

It could be seen that the ultra supercritical reheating is a high-end technology in the field of power equipment manufacturing, which represents the strength and design level of national major equipment manufacturing industry. Based on the development of key components technology of millions of secondary reheat units, solving the design and manufacturing problems of serpentine high-pressure heater, optimizing the heat exchange efficiency of serpentine high-pressure heater, and improving the operation reliability, will help to promote the development process of China’s high-end power equipment, and provide important technical support for the quality supervision and management of serpentine high-pressure heater.

Research on thermal design control and optimization of relay protection and automation equipment

Relay protection devices and power automation systems are an important product in the power equipment manufacturing industry. They are customarily divided into secondary equipment for the transmission and distribution industry, and are responsible for protecting and controlling the primary equipment of the power grid and measuring the load of the power grid system. Thermal design is a major research topic for the reliability study of relay protection devices. The paper introduces the thermal design process of the relay protection device processing equipment, from the single-chip, module level, etc. to construct and isolate the airway facilities, and uses the FLOTHERM software to simulate the relay protection device model. Thermal simulation can guide the structural design, optimize the structure, make the single-machine structure more reasonable, and the heat dissipation more effective, improving the reliability of the single machine.

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is commonly used in electrical insulation networks due to its superior dielectric properties. However, it possesses a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 22,800 times compared to CO2 (at equal mass over a time span of 100 years) and a high atmospheric lifetime. This alarming metric prompted investigation for substitute gases with minor environmental influences. The overall objective of this research is to evaluate refrigerant R152a as a potential alternative for SF6 in electrical insulation systems. R152a gas has a significantly reduced value of GWP (140) and is a cheap insulation medium as compared to SF6. In this paper, dielectric breakdown testing of R152a and a mixture of CO2 with different concentrations have been tested. The dielectric strength of R152a/CO2 gas shows a saturated growth trend with increasing the gap difference, gas pressure and mixing ratio of R152a. Based on our experimental conditions, R152a/CO2 gas reveals good dielectric properties, and insulation performance can reach up to 96% of SF6. Finally, this work will bring a cost-effective and environment-friendly gaseous insulator for utility companies and power equipment manufacturers.

SME-oriented flexible design approach for robotic manufacturing systems

Continuously growing pressures due to the shorter development lead-time and the uncertainty of increasingly complex market require a high flexibility from production companies and their manufacturing systems. Comparing with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which lack concentrated market power and powerful original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have difficulty and risk to develop flexible and customised robotic manufacturing systems. Nowadays, although various design methods for robotic manufacturing systems have been made to fix this problem, however, there still exist two main challenges: flexibility in design and high degree of customisation.To deal with the existing challenges, this paper proposes an SME-oriented design approach based on a configuration design paradigm. This method can offer decision support to designers to form flexible architecture for robotic manufacturing systems and, at the same time, give more interactive configuration freedom to customers so as to achieve a high productivity and flexibility for customisation but with less risk and cost of product development. To validate the proposed method, two design cases of robotic manufacturing systems are presented for demonstration.

Industrial cooperation as a vector for further development of the market and support to domestic manufacturers

Subject: the problem of industry cooperation.Objectives: analysis of the main problems and prospects of industrial cooperation.Materials and methods: production cooperation allows you to combine the efforts of individual industrial enterprises to implement large-scale projects that are not feasible with the efforts of one enterprise. With the collapse of the USSR, many plants lost their cooperation ties, which, on the one hand, led to the need for their own production, which meant independence and the possibility of creating additional jobs. The main forms of sectoral cooperation are described. It is indicated that the development of the direction of cooperation as a subcontracting will be the most interesting for small and medium-sized businesses, as it gives small businesses the opportunity to move from the simplest value-added schemes to their own industrial production, and large ones to reduce costs and focus all attention on the production of basic products. Describes the stage of entry into industrial cooperation. It is noted that joint cooperation activities involve the disclosure of certain information that is the property of a party, from which there is a clear requirement in the legal protection of their rights. Attention is drawn to the need to further improve the regulatory framework and mechanisms for the involvement of small and medium-sized manufacturing business in the technological chains of large enterprises. Results: In advanced countries, the production cooperation of small businesses with large enterprises is well developed. In connection with the above, the project of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation “Register of reliable partners” is an effective tool that will facilitate the way for small and medium-sized enterprises to enter into partnership programs.Conclusions: the need to support small businesses with their small-scale production. The Association of Power and Energy Equipment Manufacturers should unite representatives of small and large businesses in the field of energy and power equipment and become a guarantor for the state about the reliability of its members.

Survey on Design Approaches for Robotic Manufacturing Systems in SMEs

Continuously growing pressures from competitive market require manufacturing enterprises to produce more quickly and cost-effectively. However, most of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still adopt handwork manufacturing process due to the diversity of products and their small batch sizes. Robotic flexible manufacturing systems can be considered as an effective support to aid SMEs in solving the aforementioned conflict between the product diversity and production efficiency. Nowadays, although various design methods for robotic manufacturing systems have been made, however, there still exists challenges to implement flexible robotic manufacturing systems in small and medium-sized enterprises because of the lack concentrated market power and powerful original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in SMEs.The paper firstly analyses the challenges relating to the implementation of robotic flexible manufacturing systems in SMEs. Then, considering the proposed challenges, the authors review current design approaches for flexible manufacturing systems. Finally, the paper evaluates each design approaches according to the challenges proposed previously and points out the future research directions.

Efficiency improvement of technological preparation of power equipment manufacturing

Competitiveness of power equipment primarily depends on speeding-up the development and mastering of new equipment samples and technologies, enhancement of organisation and management of design, manufacturing and operation. Actual political, technological and economic conditions cause the acute need in changing the strategy and tactics of process planning. At that the issues of maintenance of equipment with simultaneous improvement of its efficiency and compatibility to domestically produced components are considering. In order to solve these problems, using the systems of computer-aided process planning for process design at all stages of power equipment life cycle is economically viable. Computer-aided process planning is developed for the purpose of improvement of process planning by using mathematical methods and optimisation of design and management processes on the basis of CALS technologies, which allows for simultaneous process design, process planning organisation and management based on mathematical and physical modelling of interrelated design objects and production system. An integration of computer-aided systems providing the interaction of informative and material processes at all stages of product life cycle is proposed as effective solution to the challenges in new equipment design and process planning.