Power Control Technology Research Articles

Transactive energy management system for smart grids using Multi-Agent Modeling and Blockchain

Technological approaches for effective energy regulation are required due to incorporating contemporary electrical systems with sustainable power resources. Our article suggests a Transactive Energy Managing System (T.E.M.S.) using Blockchain-based technologies and Multiple-Agent Modelling (M.A.M.) to improve the long-term viability and dependability of energy-efficient grids. The framework utilizes a decentralized methodology enabled by self-governing agents. These units include services, sellers, and customers in the electricity system. Such entities engage in vibrant interactions, trading energy according to current economic circumstances, choices, and facts. Blockchain-based technology promotes a more robust and decentralized power industry by eliminating the demand for centralized mediators and improving information security. The suggested T.E.M.S. aims to tackle issues such as demand-response administration, incorporation of sustainable energy resources, and grid reliability. The efficiency of the mechanism in maximizing power use, lowering load spikes, and fostering an improved power environment is proved via modelling and evaluation. The research advances intelligent grid technology by providing an extensive, decentralized approach that aligns with the changing power industry. In this era of connected layouts, integrating Blockchain-based technologies with Multiple-Agent Modelling offers a solid basis for creating flexible and adaptable power control technologies.

High-Speed Controller to Enhance Responsiveness and Stability of Dynamic Characteristics for DC–DC Converter

In general, the DC load is electrically sensitive to the input voltage and current compared to the AC load. As the demand for digital systems that require DC power increases rapidly, the importance of stable DC power supply methods is increasing. Various elements such as renewable energy and load are configured in the power grid that supplies DC, and they are connected in various forms and power patterns. These elements have different starting and operating characteristics, which can be disadvantageous to the design of controllers for power converters to maintain a stable bus voltage in the DC power grid. Therefore, in a DC power system, an energy storage system with active bi-directional power control technology that can minimize transient conditions, such as overshoot, which can occur when a load is connected or power accelerates rapidly, is significantly important. This paper proposes a novel power control method capable of compensating for the instability of the DC bus voltage owing to the transient state in the DC power supply system. This method minimizes overshoot and ensures fast responsiveness and system stability by calculating the flux linkage of an inductor in a bi-directional DC/DC converter and applying an excitation voltage without pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching. The performance and validity of the proposed transient high-speed controller (THSC) were verified through simulations and experiments.

Research on Building Power Quality Assessment and Control Technology Based on Online Monitoring

This study is to improve the assessment accuracy and control efficiency of building power quality by adopting online monitoring and integrating multiple technical indicators and control methods. A whole set of power quality technical index system is developed in the study, involving voltage deviation, harmonic voltage/current limit, and so on. The power quality indicators are quantitatively evaluated through standardization and weight determination. The assessment results show that the measured power quality indicators vary within the interval of 0 to 9, which verifies the effectiveness of the assessment system. In terms of control technology, this paper discusses in depth the static reactive power compensation (SVC) device and its role in improving building power quality, and confirms its efficacy in optimizing power quality through simulation experiments. This work not only successfully evaluates the building power quality, but also proposes practical control strategies, which provide theoretical and practical guidance for the stable operation of power systems and the further improvement of power quality.

Power control strategies for modular-gravity energy storage plant

This paper presents the first systematic study on power control strategies for Modular-Gravity Energy Storage (M-GES), a novel, high-performance, large-scale energy storage technology with significant research and application potential. Addressing the current research gap in M-GES power control technology, we propose two corresponding compensation modes and several power control strategies for Hybrid M-GES and M-GES. The effectiveness of these strategies is validated through simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, including tests using sinusoidal power and feasibility verification based on a natural California load curve. Additionally, we analyze the normal and abnormal operating conditions of M-GES. In conclusion, the characteristics of the proposed control strategies are summarized, providing a guideline for further research.

Group Intelligent City Mobile Communication Network's Control Strategy based on Cellular Internet of Things

Mobile communication network optimization heavily depends on power control technology, which impacts the effectiveness of the network. This paper aims to enhance control over nonlinear mobile communication networks and achieve superior performance by applying the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in the control domain. Addressing limitations in the basic PSO algorithm, improvements are made and applied to urban mobile communication networks. The methodology involves modifying the PSO algorithm to address identified issues and applying the enhanced algorithm to communication network scenarios. Simulation results indicate that with an initial particle count of 10 and 100 iterations, the optimized values for and are 0.691 and 0.486, respectively, resulting in an objective function value of 55.514. This achievement validates the successful implementation of the optimization process for mobile communication network control. The findings reveal that the proposed grad particle swarm optimization (Grad-PSO) algorithm exhibits mobile network optimization by robust search capability and rapid convergence.

Research and application of power marketing operation safety control technology

In order to improve the safety and efficiency of power marketing operation, the power marketing operation safety control technology is studied and applied. Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of power marketing and power marketing operation safety management and control technology, combined with advanced technology methods, the design strategy of security management and control system platform is put forward. It is hoped that this study can provide strong technical support and solutions for the operation security control of the power market.

Pengembangan DC Chopper Sebagai Pengontrol Daya Pada Sistem Energi Terbarukan

Renewable energy systems require effective and efficient power control for men-optimizing electricity production. One of the power control technologies used in renewable energy systems is DC Chopper. DC Chopper is an electronic device used to control the voltage and electric current in the DC system. In this study, the development of DC Chopper as a power controller in the renewable energy system was discussed. This research is to introduce the use of DC Chopper as a power controller in the renewable energy system and to the effect of the use of DC Chopper on the production of the new system. This research is the method of using a delay experiment to test DC Chopper on the solar panel system. The results showed that the use of DC Chopper PANA solar panel system can increase the efficiency of electricity production level 20%. In addition, Chopper DC Rona can increase the reliability and age of the renewable energy system because it can reduce the burden on the system.

Computational Study of Security Risk Evaluation in Energy Management and Control Systems Based on a Fuzzy MCDM Method

Numerous cyberattacks on connected control systems are being reported every day. Such control systems are subject to hostile external attacks due to their communication system. Network security is vital because it protects sensitive information from cyber threats and preserves network operations and trustworthiness. Multiple safety solutions are implemented in strong and reliable network security plans to safeguard users and companies from spyware and cyber attacks, such as distributed denial of service attacks. A crucial component that must be conducted prior to any security implementation is a security analysis. Because cyberattack encounters in power control networks are currently limited, a comprehensive security evaluation approach for power control technology in communication networks is required. According to previous studies, the challenges of security evaluation include a power control process security assessment as well as the security level of every control phase. To address such issues, the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) is presented for a security risk assessment of the communication networks of energy management and control systems (EMCS). The methodology focuses on quantifying the security extent in each control step; in order to value the security vulnerability variables derived by the protection analysis model, an MCDM strategy incorporated as a TOPSIS is presented. Ultimately, the example of six communication networks of a power management system is modelled to conduct the security evaluation. The outcome validates the utility of the security evaluation.

Research and Development Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Technology for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Systems

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, charging facilities for electric vehicles are gradually improving, thus meeting the demand for fast and safe charging. This paper comprehensively describes the current development status and future development trend of EVs and their charging infrastructure and analyzes in detail the EV fast-charging system architecture according to the AC/DC coupling configuration. The topologies and control techniques of the front AC/DC converter and rear DC/DC converter for the charging system are discussed, providing a reference for the future design of hundred-kilowatt level and above fast-charging systems for EVs. In addition, this paper summarizes the EV charging interface and the charging specifications applicable to the hundred-kilowatt power fast-charging system, as well as the impact of fast charging on power batteries, and emphasizes that high-power fast-charging technology is an inevitable trend for the future development of electric vehicles.

Neutrosophic MCDM Methodology for Assessment Risks of Cyber Security in Power Management


 Every day, new reports of cyberattacks on interconnected control systems emerge. The vulnerability of their communication mechanism makes similar control systems a target for malicious outsiders. Protecting sensitive data and maintaining network reliability and availability are two of the main reasons why network security is so important. Strong and dependable network security strategies use a number of safeguards to protect users and businesses from malware and cyber assaults like distributed denial of service. A safety analysis is an essential step that must precede the introduction of any security measures. There hasn't been much experience with cyberattacks on power control systems yet, therefore it's important to develop a method for thoroughly assessing the safety of power control technologies used in data transmission systems. A prior study has identified the authority control process evaluation of security and the safety level of each control stage as two of the primary obstacles to effective security assessment. For this reason, this article provides a safety risk evaluation of the communication networks of power management and control technologies (PMCT) using the neutrosophic Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method. A prime instance of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue is used to solve the security risk assessment in the power system. In this study, we offer an interval-valued neutrosophic version of the EDAS approach for solving the MCDM issue. The neutrosophic EDAS method is used to rank and assess the security risks in power system.

A Variable Frequency Phase-Shift Modulation Constant Power Control Strategy for LCC Resonant Capacitor Charging Power Supply

This article develops the constant power control technology of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCC</i> resonant capacitor charging power supply (CCPS) to accelerate the charging speed and use the full capacity of the device at the same time. For the constant power control of the CCPS, variable frequency modulation works in a wide frequency range with large reactive power, and phase-shift modulation (PSM) cannot work with a wide gain range. Therefore, a variable frequency (VF)-PSM constant power control strategy is proposed in this article, which achieves high utilization of transformer and high efficiency of power supply system. Based on state plane analysis, the analytical expressions in different operating modes are derived for the ZVS boundary and the multidimensional relationship between power, output voltage, frequency, and phase-shift angle. Accordingly, a control trajectory of the phase-shift angle and frequency in gain-power plane is calculated. Thus, the problems caused by using the current with large harmonic components to calculate the output power in real time are avoided and the control is simple and accurate. Finally, a 500 W, 1 kV charging experiment was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the VF-PSM constant power control strategy and the feasibility of phase-shift angle and frequency trajectory control in gain-power plane.

Optimal Operation of Automotive Electrical System with Photovoltaic Generation and Three-level Battery Management Scheme

Abstract: For many years, the electrical power requirements in Automotive Electrical System (AES) have been quickly increasing and are predicted to continue to climb. This trend is being pushed by the introduction of a slew of new vehicle features. The constant growth in power needs is stretching the limitations of current automotive power generation and control technologies, stimulating the development of higher-power and higher-voltage electrical systems and components. Electrical power on a vehicle is not free. It comes as a direct result of consuming fuel within the engine to drive the alternator. With a typical engine efficiency of 44% and with present fuel costs this leads to onboard electrical power costs 4 times more than a typical household utility rate. Global oil and gas resource depletion, as well as environmental concerns, have prompted the automobile industry to build more efficient and eco-friendly cars in order to minimize fuel use and safeguard the environment. In our proposed Automotive Electrical system configuration, we have an AES system which is powered by an automotive alternator and battery combination where the alternator is driven by an IC engine and we have a hybrid energy system using a Rooftop PV array with a battery management system (BMS). We discovered that during the off state, the whole load of the automobile is dependent on the 12Vlead acid battery for power, which causes the SOC to drop dramatically. As a result, the suggested model will include a flexible thin-film solar PV module positioned on the rooftop, which will be supported by a Maximum Power Point (MPPT) Tracking charge controller and will deliver energy to recharge the extra battery and meet the electrical requirements when the vehicle is stationary. When the vehicle is in motion, the existing alternator in the car's electrical system takes over the battery charging requirements, by this way, we can meet the electrical requirements of AES without running the engine for a long time by consuming fuel. The proposed model specialty is investigated using MATLAB/Simulink and compared with existing methods. Keywords: Automotive Electrical System (AES), Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hybrid Energy System, Rooftop PV array, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).

Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Power Control and Dynamic Transmission Protocol Configuration for HAPS-IMT Integrated System

The high altitude platform station (HAPS) system is an essential component of the air-based network. It can shorten transmission delay and make a better user experience compared with satellite networks, and it can also be easily deployed and cover a larger area compared with international mobile telecommunications (IMT). In order to meet the needs of users with asymmetric and random data flow, the spectrum sharing and dynamic time division duplexing (TDD) mode are used in HAPS-IMT heterogeneous network. However, the cross-link interference brought by TDD mode will lead to the degradation of system performance. In this paper, a resource allocation algorithm based on power control and dynamic transmission protocol configuration is proposed. Firstly, a specific timeslot, “low power almost-bank subframe (LP-ABS)”, is introduced into the frame structure of the HAPS physical layer. The transmission protocol designing could mitigate inter-layer interference efficiently by power control in “LP-ABS”. Secondly, the utilization function is adopted for assessing the system performance, which gives attention to both diversified requirements on the quality of services (QoS) and the throughput of the HAPS-IMT system. Simulation results show that power control and resource allocation technologies proposed in this paper can effectively improve system performance and user satisfaction.

Review on Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization of Active Distribution Network with Renewable Distributed Generation and Time-Varying Loads

With a high proportion of renewable distributed generation and time-varying load connected to the distribution network, great challenges have appeared in the reactive power optimization control of the active distribution networks. This paper first introduces the characteristics of active distribution networks, the mechanism and research status of wind power, photovoltaic, and other renewable distributed generators, and time-varying loads participating in reactive power and voltage optimization. Then, the paper summarizes the methods of reactive power optimization and voltage regulation of active distribution network, including multi-timescale voltage optimization, coordinated optimization of network reconfiguration and reactive power optimization, coordinated optimization of active and reactive power optimization based on model predictive control, hierarchical and zoning control of reactive power, and voltage and power electronic switch voltage regulation. The pros and cons of the reactive power optimization algorithms mentioned above are summarized. Finally, combined with the development trend of the energy Internet, the future directions of reactive power and voltage control technology in the active distribution network are discussed.

Design of Maximum Power Tracking System for Photovoltaic Power Generation

Solar power generation is related to climatic conditions, and its high cost and low power generation efficiency have become the main factors restricting its development. Realizing the maximum power tracking of solar photovoltaic power generation through power electronic technology and control technology is an effective measure to increase the power generation of photovoltaic power generation systems, reduce power generation costs, improve solar energy conversion efficiency, and widely promote photovoltaic power generation technology. According to the illumination characteristics of solar cells, using a single-chip microcomputer to control the DC-DC converter and conductance increment method as the control algorithm, a solar maximum power tracking system is designed.

An Optimal Uplink Scheduling in Heterogeneous PLC and LTE Communication for Delay-aware Smart Grid Applications

Smart grid is an energy network that integrates advanced power equipment, communication technology and control technology. It can transmit two-way power and data among all components of the grid at the same time. The existing smart grid communication technologies include power line carrier (PLC) communication, industrial Ethernet, passive optical networks and wireless communication,each of which have different advantages. Due to the complex application scenarios, massive sampling points and high transmission reliability requirements, a single communication method cannot fully meet the communication requirements of smart grid, and heterogeneous communication modes are required. In addition, with the development of cellular technology, long term evolution (LTE)-based standards have been identified as a promising technology that can meet the strict requirements of various operations in smart grid. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PLC and LTE communication, and design a network framework for PLC and LTE communication uplink heterogeneous communication in smart grid. Then, we propose an uplink scheduling transmission method for sampling data with optimized throughput according to the requirements of system delay and reliability. Then, we use the formula derivation to prove the stability and solvability of the scheduling system in theory. Finally, the simulation results show that under the condition of satisfying the delay requirement, our proposed framework can optimally allocate the wireless communication resource and maximize the throughput of the uplink transmission system.

Power electronics-the enabling technology for renewable energy integration

The drastically increased integration of renewable energy in the power grid is of significance in the transition to a sustainable energy future. The grid integration of renewables will be continuously enhanced in the future. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), renewable technology is the main pathway to reach zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2060. Power electronics have played and will continue to play an important role in this energy transition by providing efficient electrical energy conversion, distribution, transmission and utilization. Consequently, the development of power electronics technologies, i.e., new semiconductor devices, flexible converters and advanced control schemes, is promoted intensively across the globe. Among various renewables, wind energy and photovoltaic (PV) are the most widely used, and thus these are explored in this paper to demonstrate the role of power electronics. The development of renewable energies and the demands of power electronics are reviewed first. The power conversion and control technologies as well as grid codes for wind and PV systems are then discussed. Future trends in terms of power semiconductors, reliability, advanced control, grid-forming operation and security issues for large-scale grid integration of renewables, and intelligent and full user engagement are especially presented at the end.

Advanced Power Conversion and Control Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Advanced Power Conversion and Control Technologies for Electric Vehicles

CAPACITY UTILIZATION LEVEL OF FREIGHT ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES AND EVALUATION OF EXPENSE REDUCTION ON CONSUMED ENERGY DUE TO MODERNIZATION

The working conditions of freight electric locomotives with full-weight and empty-weight trains are analyzed. It is shown that due to the use of scalable traction power control technology (discrete-adaptive control algorithm), there is a possibility for more complete use of electric locomotive capacity and, accordingly, a significant increase in its energy efficiency. The main condition for the realization of this possibility is the presence of an individual per-axle traction control system. Corresponding changes in the construction of electric locomotives of previous years of production can be made during modernization as part of factory repair. The calculation of financial savings from the use of these proposals is presented.

Advanced Power Conversion and Control Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Advanced Power Conversion and Control Technologies for Electric Vehicles