Lighting Power Consumption Research Articles

Intelligent Acoustic and Optical Anomaly Monitoring System for Expressway Tunnels Based on the Internet of Things

A smart sound and light anomaly monitoring system for highway tunnels based on Internet of Things technology was studied to address the issues of highway tunnel lighting systems. By utilizing Internet of Things technology, the tunnel lighting system is combined with abnormal sound recognition. Through the design of algorithm models, the recognition of abnormal sound inside the tunnel and the intelligent control of the lighting system is achieved. By pruning and validating the hidden layer nodes of the model, a more streamlined abnormal sound recognition model is obtained. Through experimental verification, this model has the highest recognition accuracy among all models, with a recognition rate of 91.75% at a compression rate of 20%. Compared with Average Percentage of Zeros (APoZ), Random Pruning and Mean Activation, the recognition rate is increased by 2.64%, 1.47% and 1.40%, respectively. In the design of tunnel lighting, fuzzy control is applied to the lighting inside the tunnel to improve the driving safety of drivers and further reduce the power consumption of excessive lighting in the tunnel. Through experiments, it has been proven that the system can work well, saving up to 727[Formula: see text] of energy per day.

Portable Head-Mounted System for Mobile Forearm Tracking.

Computer vision (CV)-based systems using cameras and recognition algorithms offer touchless, cost-effective, precise, and versatile hand tracking. These systems allow unrestricted, fluid, and natural movements without the constraints of wearable devices, gaining popularity in human-system interaction, virtual reality, and medical procedures. However, traditional CV-based systems, relying on stationary cameras, are not compatible with mobile applications and demand substantial computing power. To address these limitations, we propose a portable hand-tracking system utilizing the Leap Motion Controller 2 (LMC) mounted on the head and controlled by a single-board computer (SBC) powered by a compact power bank. The proposed system enhances portability, enabling users to interact freely with their surroundings. We present the system's design and conduct experimental tests to evaluate its robustness under variable lighting conditions, power consumption, CPU usage, temperature, and frame rate. This portable hand-tracking solution, which has minimal weight and runs independently of external power, proves suitable for mobile applications in daily life.

P‐112: Improvement of White OLED Performance by Optical Enhancement Structure

According to the demand of image quality improvement, the color gamut standard has been adjusted from DCI‐P3 to BT.2020. At present, the color gamut of some QD products can reach 80%~90%, while that of white OLED products is only about 75%. In this paper, the composite film with SiO2/SiNX distributed Bragg resonator (DBR) structure is designed and studied. The results show that the film can form a strong microcavity structure with simultaneous enhancement of RGB for white OLED devices, which overcomes the bottleneck that the strong microcavity structure can't be used in white OLED devices. It can effectively improve the performance of OLED devices, and at the same time, it has the water vapor barrier effect. It can realize the integration of multiple effects such as high color gamut, low power consumption and reliability improvement in product applications. Using the refractive index difference of SiO2/SiNx thin film, the DBR structure was fabricated by carefully designing the thickness. Based on this DBR structure, a white OLED device is fabricated. The external quantum efficiency of the device is improved, and the color gamut is up to 85% ( BT.2020), which is 11.2% higher than that of the device without DBR structure. Compared with the device without DBR structure, it has reached the QD display level, and the white light power consumption is reduced by 34.1%, HDR power consumption is reduced by 20.3%, and the overall performance is greatly improved. It provides technical support for products with high color gamut, low power consumption and long life.

Development and performance of pouring self-luminescent asphalt mixture

The application of long afterglow-based materials to the self-luminescent pavement could significantly reduce the power consumption of lighting at night and improve the traffic safety. This study designs a pouring self-luminescent asphalt mixture (PSAM) through pouring a grouting material including the long afterglow luminescent material (SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy) and epoxy resin into the porous pavement void configuration. First, the mechanical and afterglow properties of the epoxy resin-based long afterglow grouting material were systematically tested to determine the optimal composition ratio of raw materials. Then, the influence of time and viscosity on the grouting was studied by obtaining the luminous images of the cross and longitudinal sections of self-luminous asphalt mixture specimens. According to the volume characteristics of the grouting material and the mixture, the relationship between the theoretical grouting consumption and the actual grouting consumption was analyzed. Finally, the influence of porous mixture air void on afterglow characteristics and road performance of the PSAM was analyzed. From the acquired results, it was demonstrated that the optimum proportion of each component of the epoxy resin long afterglow grouting material was the following: epoxy resin: curing agent: toughener: long afterglow material = 100:18:15:14. Moreover, it was found that the temperature and pre-curing time have remarkable effects on the viscosity of grouting materials. In order to ensure a good grouting effect, the viscosity of the grouting material should be controlled within 1.7 Pa s. There was a good linear relationship between the actual grouting amount and the connected air void, although the actual grouting consumption was less than the theoretical grouting consumption. Furthermore, PSAM exhibited good afterglow performance and road performance. The afterglow brightness and water stability had no obvious relationship with the air void. In contrast, with the further increase of the air void, both the low-temperature crack resistance and the skid resistance were improved, and the high-temperature stability was reduced.

Reduction of lighting power consumption through lighting control using the KNX/digital addressable lighting interface protocol in liquefied natural gas carrier accommodation mock-up

Lighting in ships is the main energy consumer in the overall power system and is closely associated with the creation of visual comfort and a safe work environment for the crew. A convergence point between the energy efficiency of ship lighting and a safe work environment for the crew can be achieved in various ways. This study applied the KNX and Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) systems to a mega-ship. A mock-up identical to an accommodation unit in an actual Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier in construction was developed, where the lighting for ships was installed and the KNX/DALI protocol, and occupancy sensors were applied as the lighting control system. The measurement of the 24 h power consumption with a conventional lighting arrangement design and the KNX/DALI system indicated that the lighting power consumption decreased from 12,935.2 to 2830.3 W h, implying a ≥80% reduction. This lighting solution involves control based on the traffic line of the crew at work, which plays a key role in enhancing the energy efficiency of the ship, promoting a safe work environment and visual comfort for the crew, and maximizing integration with other digital systems of the ship.

Environmental Footprint Assessment of Methylene Blue Photodegradation using Graphene-based Titanium Dioxide

To date, photocatalysis has received much attention in terms of the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Various studies have shown that graphene-based photocatalysts are one of the impressive options owing to their intriguing features, including high surface area, good conductivity, low recombination rate of electron-hole pair, and fast charge separation and transfer. However, the environmental impacts of the photocatalysts synthesis and their photodegradation activity remain unclear. Thus, this report aims to identify the environmental impacts associated with the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) over reduced graphene oxide/titanium oxide photocatalyst (TiO2/rGO) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The life cycle impacts were assessed using ReCiPe 2016 v1.1 midpoint method, Hierachist version in Gabi software. A cradle-to-gate approach and a functional unit of 1 kg TiO2/rGOwere adopted in the study. Several important parameters, such as the solvent type (ultrapure water, ethanol, and isopropanol), with/without silver ion doping, and visible light power consumption (150, 300, and 500 W) were evaluated in this study. In terms of the selection of solvent, ultrapure water is certainly a better choice since it contributed the least negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, it is not advisable to dope the photocatalyst with silver ions since the increment in performance is insufficient to offset the environmental impact that it caused. The results of different power of visible light for MB degradation showed that the minimum power level, 150 W, could give a comparable photodegradation efficiency and better environmental impacts compared to higher power light sources. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Experimental Study of Fly Ash Based Translucent Concrete Projects: A Review

By 2050, it is predicted that the manufacturing of regular cement for institutional, commercial, and residential structures will spew around 3800 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and use 38% of the world's energy. It has become crucial to create a new class of construction materials that combine eco-friendly, energy-saving, and self-sensing capabilities. Translucent concrete, created through innovation in the material sciences and the fusing of fibre optics and concrete technologies, helps to create structures that are cosier, more artistic, safe, and energy-efficient. The creation of Smart Transparent Concrete, based on its exceptional transparent and smart sensing qualities, is discussed in light of "green" standards and safe evaluation for engineering constructions that have attracted global attention. Dealing with its application and the benefits it offers in the area of smart construction, discover that it can save lighting power consumption, utilise an optical fibre to detect structural stress, and use this concrete as an architectural feature for a pleasing aesthetic sight of the building. Fly ash is used in concrete to explore the partial additional of cement with fly ash. Translucent concrete blocks can be used in many ways and implemented into many be highly advantageous. Keywords: Translucent Concrete, Optical Fiber, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Light Transmission.

Fast Frequency Support Through LED Street Lighting in Small Non-Synchronous Power Systems

Small-sized non-synchronous islands, which are inherently characterized by low system inertia, will face in the next years the challenge of integrating larger and larger amount of renewable energy sources, leading to further reduction of inertia. Several means to support inertia and frequency transients have been proposed in the literature, including energy storage systems, distributed generation, and demand response. LED street lighting systems are widespread control resources, which in a smart grid scenario, can be regulated by means of local or remote control signals. This article investigates the possibility to regulate the power consumption of LED street lighting to provide frequency support in a system characterized by reduced total inertia. Tests are carried out integrating the simulation of the non-synchronous power system of an Italian small island with the response of an actual LED street lamp, in a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop testing environment. Both synthetic inertia and fast frequency response approaches are tested and discussed.

Influence of Roller Blinds Shading Strategy on West and South Facing Buildings

This study investigates the impact of roller blinds as an energy-saving strategy in a subtropical climate. Lighting control experiments were performed on west-facing and south-facing windows in the Subtropical Performance-Testbed for Innovative eNergy Research in Buildings Laboratory (SPINLab). This study accepts sunlight below 8000 lux and requires the indoor lighting of at least a reading of 500 lux. For the west-facing window experiment, the curtain energy-saving strategy implemented in this study resulted in 10% less energy consumption for air-conditioning and saved 90% of the lighting power consumption of the west facing window building. For the south-facing window experiment, we found that sunlight can fully supplement the lighting without adjusting the roller blinds because the window opening is different from the sunlight direction. In addition, the significant heat flux difference between the west-facing and south-facing windows experiments is also reflected in the energy consumption of the air conditioners.

A Supplemental Lighting Control Approach in Controlled Environment Agriculture to Reduce Peak Power Consumption

Global population growth requires efficient food production, especially with food security concerns due to natural resources limitation and climate constraints. Supplemental lighting is an effective means of increasing productivity in greenhouses. However, supplemental lighting electricity cost can be high, and systematic lighting strategies are required to reduce lighting electricity cost. Prior research has focused on minimizing electricity use or cost, while maintaining adequate crop growth. However, in addition to being charged for electricity consumption, US greenhouse growers also pay a demand charge that is based on the peak electricity use during a 15-min period within each billing cycle. This demand charge is in the same order of magnitude as the charge for the used electricity, but has been ignored in prior lighting optimization research. This paper presents a lighting strategy for controlled environments (like greenhouses) equipped with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to minimize supplemental lighting electricity cost and peak power consumption of supplemental lighting. Markov-based sunlight prediction is employed to develop a realistic control strategy and improve its efficiency. Moreover, the impact of shifting the time of day during which supplemental lighting is used on peak power consumption is investigated. Compared to a heuristic method, the proposed method illustrates an up to 51% mean peak reduction.

Review on Transparent Concrete for Construction Industry

This article discusses the use of translucent concrete and the benefits it offers in the field of smart construction, including the ability to reduce lighting power consumption, use optical fibre to detect structural stress, and use this concrete as an architectural feature for a pleasing aesthetic view of the building. By incorporating optical fibres into concrete, translucent concrete can have light-transmissive qualities. The fibre transmits light from one end to the other. Depending on the fibre structure, this causes a specific pattern of light to appear on the opposite surface. There is essentially no light loss when it is sent across optical fibres because of their efficiency. The difference between studies analysing the impact of employing various optical fibre ratios on the material strength and on energysaving came to the conclusion that the ideal ratio of fibres should range between 4.3% and 6% for energy-saving, while the right ratio should be less than 5% for strength. In the conclusion, we make suggestions for recommendations to close these gaps in knowledge.

Features of Modeling the Operating Modes of Outdoor Lighting Lines

The necessity of modeling the operating modes of outdoor lighting lines with a voltage of 0.23/0.4 kV is substantiated. The choice of the optimal configuration of the lighting line while ensuring the standardized values of illumination and brightness on the working surface is recommended to be carried out by comparing several variants with different positions of pillars, types of light intensity curves, the number and power of luminaires. The results of the lighting calculation are the basis for modeling the electrical operation modes of outdoor lighting lines, which allows determining the operating parameters (node voltage, active and reactive power, current, voltage drop, loss of active and reactive power in individual sections). The obtained data can be used to select the cross-sectional area of conductor cores and forecast the power consumption of outdoor lighting, taking into account the specific features of light flux regulation (dimming). As a rule, outdoor lighting lines are connected to one power point. The use of outdoor lighting lines with bilateral supply for main streets and circular roads of relatively long length is proposed which will not only make it possible to increase the reliability of power supply of lighting installations, but also to use conductors with a smaller cross-section area of the cores. The electrical load of light sources is assumed on the basis of static characteristics. Modeling of the electrical modes of the outdoor lighting network is carried out taking into account the higher harmonics of current and voltage. The rational operation mode of the outdoor lighting line is determined by the magnitude of the voltage deviation from the nominal value, the indicators of non-sinusoidality and voltage asymmetry at the power supply point. Additional possibilities for modeling the modes of operation of lighting lines are to search for damage (detection of short circuits, determination of the presence of faulty lamps).

Deconstruction of Urban Public Space Art Design Using Intelligent Sensor and Information Fusion

The main purpose of smart city is to improve the quality of life, improve the efficiency of life, and save the energy resources of life, which is in line with the current global concept of low-carbon environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction, and ecological sustainable development. Under the process of smart city, the development of urban public space is also committed to meeting the material and spiritual needs of residents’ lives. For the system hardware design, the street lamp node, and the concentrator node hardware design, the sensing node is composed of multiple sensors. Its main components are temperature sensor, infrared sensor, sound sensor, and light intensity sensor, which, respectively, realize the collection of temperature, infrared, sound, and light intensity information. The street light sensing system uses multisensor information fusion technology to detect the situation of people and vehicles in real time, so that people and vehicles can turn on the street lights and turn off the street lights of unmanned vehicles. Adjust the street light switch according to the intelligent analysis of the lighting demand scene in order to enhance the accuracy of the system to identify the lighting demand scene. This enables the system to provide safe lighting conditions for urban traffic while saving the power consumption of urban lighting. The sensor system of the street light randomly selects the detection results of temperature and humidity within a certain period of time. The error rate of the final test result is 1/2 of that of the traditional test, and the accuracy is far lower than that of the traditional measurement method. Regarding the lighting system of street lamps and public art in urban public spaces, it is worthy of extensive promotion to control street lamp lighting through sensor information fusion technology and reduce energy consumption.

On-Demand Fully Enclosed Superhydrophobic-Optofluidic Devices Enabled by Microstereolithography.

Superhydrophobic surface-based optofluidics have been introduced to biosensors and unconventional optics with unique advantages, such as low light loss and power consumption. However, most of these platforms were made with planar-like microstructures and nanostructures, which may cause bonding issues and result in significant waveguide loss. Here, we introduce a fully enclosed superhydrophobic-based optofluidics system, enabled by a one-step microstereolithography procedure. Various microstructured cladding designs with a feature size down to 100 μm were studied and a "T-type" overhang design exhibits the lowest optical loss, regardless of the excitation wavelength. Surprisingly, the optical loss of superhydrophobic-based optofluidics is not solely decided by the solid area fraction at the solid/water/air interface, but also the cross-section shape and the effective cladding layer composition. We show that this fully enclosed optofluidic system can be used for CRISPR-labeled quantum dot quantification, intended for in vitro and in vivo CRISPR therapeutics.

Research on repair method of abnormal energy consumption data of lighting and plug based on similar features

The public building energy consumption monitoring platforms (BECMPs) play an important role in building energy conservation and energy-related decision-making. However, problems such as data missing and data mutation are quite common that they impede the effectiveness of the BECMPs. Based on the kNN algorithm, this paper proposes a kNN-BS data repair algorithm with the characteristics of electricity consumption trends taken into consideration. After data classification and cleaning, the data of hourly lighting and plug power consumption of an office building of Dalian University of Technology is repaired using the kNN-BS algorithm. The cross-validation method is used to determine the optimal k value. The relative repair error of the total daily electricity consumption of kNN-BS is less than 4% for working days and less than 6% for non-working days. Compared with kNN, the average CVRMSE of the kNN-BS algorithm is reduced by 1.36%∼1.59% for working days and 5.49%∼8.17% for non-working days. The kNN-BS algorithm shows excellent stability and robustness compared with kNN, polynomial and BPNN, which makes it very suitable for practical use, especially in efficiency-demanding scenarios. The kNN-BS algorithm can effectively improve the quality of public building energy consumption monitoring data and provide a theoretical basis and technical means for solving data quality problems in the BECMPs.

All-optical logic gate computing for high-speed parallel information processing

Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing. The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer, i.e. logic gates, has been investigated extensively in the past few decades. Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures. In this paper, the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed. Firstly, the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced. And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), microscale and nanoscale waveguides, and photonic crystal structures is presented. To conclude, the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.

Transparent concrete by using optical fibre

Transparent concrete is a modern type of concrete that is gaining popularity in the construction industry. The advancement of material technology has resulted in the production of modern materials as well as environmental and energy conservation. Furthermore, the creative component of the design process must be used to achieve current environmental design thinking. Transparent Concrete is in line with the finding solution for environmental problems. At present scenario, limiting the use of artificial light in buildings becomes critical. As a result, the transparent concrete, a new type of concrete, has been developed. Transparent Concrete 28 days Compressive strength of 21.99 N/mm2 was obtained for M20 grade of Concrete. Light Transmittance Values of 9.47%, 8.42% and 7.76% were obtained at the respective fiber spacings of 0.5 cm, 1 cm and 1.5 cm. Because of the optical fibres, both natural and artificial light can penetrate through the translucent concrete. The main goal is to reduce the lighting power consumption by using sunlight as a light source, as well as to use the optical fibre to detect structural stress.

Ultralow Light‐Power Consuming Photonic Synapses Based on Ultrasensitive Perovskite/Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Heterojunction Phototransistors

AbstractThe brain‐inspired neuromorphic parallel computing has become one of the most promising technologies for efficient information processing by overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck of sequential operations. Synapses transmit information among neurons and act as the basic component in neuromorphic computing platforms. Despite the rapid advances in developing artificial synapses, most synaptic devices function electronically and thus numerous merits for photonics such as visual/imaging information processing, less corsstalk, and fast response, have to be compromised. Herein, a light‐stimulated synaptic device (photonic synapses) based on perovskite/In‐Ga‐Zn‐O heterojunction phototransistor is reported. The combination of high‐efficiency light absorber, high‐mobility channel, and heterojunction device architecture leads to efficient photon‐to‐electron conversion and intrinsic high‐gain mechanism for such light‐stimulated synapses. As a result, high performance photonic synapses are obtained with the basic functions of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and short‐term memory to long‐term memory conversion (STM‐LTM). Importantly, owing to the ultrasensitive photodetection characteristics, the light power consumption of such photonic artificial synapse can be as low as 2.6 picojoule. This study proposes a simple, efficient, and industry‐compatible device concept providing the photosensitive synapses for photonic neural networks by combining the merits of appropriate materials and device architecture.

Fiber-optic airflow velocity sensing method based on a 45° tilt fiber grating combined with a single-walled carbon nanotube coated fiber.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an airflow velocity sensing method based on a 45° tilt fiber grating (TFG) that is combined with a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) coated fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The principle behind which is to produce a dynamic thermal equilibrium between the light heating and the airflow cooling. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a 45°-TFG is used as the heating element for the hot-wire anemometer. By diagnosing the Bragg wavelength of the SWCNT coated FBG, the temperature variations of the sensing fiber are measured with respect to the airflow velocities, which vary from 0 to 1m/s. Moreover, under low light power consumption of 20 mW, the proposed sensor is shown to have good performance. Experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the sensor increases with the heating pump. Due to the advantages of its simplicity and reliability, alongside its high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, this technique has excellent potential for future use in remote monitoring with airflow velocity sensing.

Optimized lighting energy consumption for non-visual effects: A case study in office spaces based on field test and simulation

Recently, the non-visual effects of the light environment have received increasing attention. Some standards have proposed evaluation metrics for non-visual effects in office spaces to ensure the health and well-being of occupants. Non-visual metrics are new requirements for indoor light environments, whose impacts on lighting adjustment and ultimate lighting energy performance are currently unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to present a workflow to obtain optimal light outputs considering non-visual lighting requirements, in addition to traditional visual requirements. This workflow was implemented to calculate the annual lighting energy consumption under different light correlated color temperatures (CCTs), daylight conditions, and standard requirements for an actual office scenario. As deduced from the results, adding non-visual requirements may significantly increase the lighting energy consumption by 57 %. Furthermore, daylight and light with a higher CCT are beneficial for non-visual energy-saving. The additional non-visual requirements will not increase the lighting energy consumption under favorable daylight conditions. The 5500 K light can save up to 20 % of the annual lighting power consumption than the 4000 K light. The presented workflow and conclusions contribute to engineering office environments with enhanced lighting, better circadian stimulus, and improved office lighting energy efficiency.