Power Conference Research Articles

Fluid models calculation of Ar/CF4 radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas

A fluid model is used to calculate plasma density in radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas (RF-CCPs), assuming geometrically symmetric Ar/CF4. Electrodes are powered by a 200 V sinusoidal wavefront at 13.56 MHz. The gap between the electrodes is 5 cm. The plasma species density is calculated as a function of the gas pressure, electron temperature, and gas composition. As expected from recent experiments, CF3+ and F are dominant for all simulation parameters (Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2022; 42: 989-1002, 2013 Pulsed Power Conference (PPC), 19th IEEE, DOI:10.1109/PPC.2013.6627595). The results explain the pathways to perform atomic layer etching and nanolayer deposition processes. In order to reveal the effect of electron heating on the discharge dynamics, the spatiotemporal electron energy equation is coupled with the fluid model. Tailoring the driven potential has been found to control the concentration of some plasma species. When the plasma is driven by the fundamental frequency, ohmic and stochastic heating allow electrons to be heated symmetrically. Higher harmonics give rise to an electrical asymmetry and an electron heating asymmetry between the powered and grounded sheaths. The electron temperature depends on the driven harmonics; it adjusts gain and loss rates and some plasma species densities.

Conference Report : 34th Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

Conference Report : 34th Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

Power and Partnership Conference: Challenging the Power Structure

God, the creator and the proprietor of every living and non-living thing, is the source of power and authority, which he delegates to humans to exercise authority and control, for proper use and care of all God’s creation, placed at their disposal and for the well-being of humanity. But with power comes the misuse of power as evidenced is power sharing struggles, misuse of power by the governmetn and misuse of pwoer by the church. In the palce of the exercise of pwoer, Jesus gives us the servanthood partnership--partnership which is expressed in compassion, humility, obedience, and a genuine spirit of service to the point of sacrificing oneself. If we are motivated by fear, love of God, and compassion, we can see the needs of the people and join them to walk alongside in collaboration with them in order to alleviate their sufferings. True partners do not end their relationship after the goal of temporary relief has been obtained, but move into the critical phase of long-term and lasting development for transformation and growth.

Future Vehicles May Arrive Soon [Automotive Electronics

After the two last virtual conferences in 2019 and 2020 run by Prof. Pablo Arboleya from the University of Oviedo (Spain), the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) was held for the first time in Merced, California, USA, last November. The conference was organized by a very motivated team from the University of California, Merced, led by Prof. Ricardo De Castro. With the motto “connect green e-motion” worldwide in a complete network, the four-day conference delivered insight and intelligence from several key players at the forefront of hybrid and electric vehicle (EV) development. A very attractive program was prepared, including four outstanding keynote speeches, three tutorial lectures, and the in person or virtual presentation of 143 papers. During the last conference day, attendees had the opportunity to visit two technical sites: TRC California and the University of California, Berkeley. VPPC 2022 was the first VPPC after the COVID-19 lockdowns and was run in hybrid mode, with in-person and online attendees. VPPC 2022 continues to be the venue for researchers, educators, and engineers to share the latest results in research, teaching, and development of EV and hybrid vehicles and related technologies, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> . It was an important forum where the academic and industrial communities and policymakers discussed new technology trends and collaboration for mutual development at a crucial time just before the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

Developing Magical Consciousness: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for the Expansion of Perception

Developing Magical Consciousness: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for the Expansion of Perception

Conference Report : 33rd Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

The Power and Energy Society Annual Conference was held at University of Fukui on September 7-9, 2022. Total number of papers was 327, and sessions were 45. A panel discussion and two special lectures were also organized during the conference period. The number of participants reached 1012. The conference was successfully completed with great contribution from all the participants. This report summarizes the conference.

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology

This special issue of the IEEE TRansactions on Plasma Science (TPS) mainly contains works presented at the 23rd IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) held between December 12–16, 2021 ( <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://uta.engineering/ppcsofe2021</uri> ). The conference was jointly held with the 29th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). Each respective conference has a long history of serving their community as gathering forums for the presentation and discussion of their field’s research topics.

SAARC AND ASEAN: A Comparative Study Success &amp; Failure.

The research paper is an attempt to understand the determinations behind establishment of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation and ASEAN. This paper describes reasons why Pakistan &amp; India were unwilling initially to join the said SAARC. The paper elaborates Evolution, Functions, Achievement, and failure including influence of internal and external power center of the world. The qualitative research method has adopted to evaluate the failure and success of ASEAN &amp; SAARC. ASEAN has shown very rapid growth in regional &amp; global trade; previously mentioned organization achievements are high as compared to SAARC. In fact, the idea was to promote peace, political harmony, cultural exchange and economic development in the region. Pakistan tried utmost to reduce trust defect among the regional countries by utilizing forum of SAARC. The cooperation of South Asian nations is linked with internal &amp; external security of regional countries. The hegemony of India and deep-rooted tension between two countries caused great damage to the smooth functions of SAARC. Kashmir is cause of disagreement between two sates its lingering position created hinders to achieve the goals of SAARC. The issue of so-called cross border terrorism and false flag operations by India has also sabotaged this forum. The Sri Lanka laid formal groundwork in first meeting in Colombo on April, 1981.The series of various meeting was held from 1981 to 1992 for the conceptual framework of SAARC. The foundation of this organization is following three conferences, which were held, between 1947 to 1954: 1. Asian Relations Conference 1947. 2. The Baguio Conference 1950. 3. Colombo Power Conference 1954.

Sounds of Power Conference Report

Conference Report – “Sounds of Power: Sonic Court Rituals In- and Outside Europe in the 15th–17th Centuries”, 17–19 June 2021, University of Bern.

Guest Editorial: Situational awareness of integrated energy systems

Guest Editorial: Situational awareness of integrated energy systems

The Vehicle Industry Is Moving Fast [Automotive Electronics

After the successful 2019 edition in Hanoi, Vietnam <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) rotated to Europe and was held for the first time in Gijon, Spain, for the two last editions due to the COVID-19 pandemic <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>. The ticklish situation in the spring and summer of 2020 around the world forced it to move to a virtual conference. As the organization committee, led by Prof. Pablo Arboleya, set out an excellent program to receive the international attendees, the VPPC steering committee decided to give the opportunity to the Gijon organization to have an on-site conference giving them the organization of the next VPPC edition in 2021. This is an opportunity to keep appointments with the event center, catering, hotels, and so on. Unfortunately, the pandemic situation remains difficult during 2021 and the VPPC 2021 edition was also prepared as a remote event between 25 October and 14 November. A very motivated team from the University of Oviedo&#x2014;Gijon campus organized the last two editions with the motto &#x201C;Connect green e-motion worldwide in a complete network,&#x201D; and the Technical Program Committee (Prof. G. Gruosso, Italy; Prof. R. de Castro, the United States; and Prof. J. Garcia, Spain) prepared a very attractive program, including outstanding keynote speakers, tutorial lectures, and the remote presentation of 303 papers (VPPC 2020&#x2014;163 and VPPC 2021&#x2014;140) from 29 countries (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>). VPPC 2020 and VPPC 2021 were the first VPPC virtual conferences in its history of 18 editions. VPPC continues to be the venue for researchers, educators, and engineers to share the latest results in research, teaching, and development of electric and hybrid vehicles and related technologies. It is an important forum where the academic and industrial community and policy makers discuss new technology trends and collaboration for mutual development in the important moment where new resolutions were taken by international leaders after 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

Conference Report : 32st Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

The Power and Energy Society Annual Conference was held online from Hokkaido University in Sapporo, on August 24-26, 2021. The total number of papers was 274, and sessions were 45. A panel discussion and a special lecture were also organized during the conference period. The number of participants reached 1045. The conference was successfully completed with great contribution from all the participants. This report summarizes the conference.

Announcing 2021 TPS Best Paper Award

The winner of the 2021 IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (TPS) Best Paper Award has been selected (please refer to our TPS home page for details about the award at https://ieee-npss.org/publications/transactions-on-plasmascience/). This year is the third year that the award is being given, and I am pleased to announce that the award is presented to the paper “A primer on pulsed power and linear transformer drivers for high energy density physics applications,” published in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol. 46, no. 11, November 2018, pp. 3928–3967. The lead author of this 40-author paper is Prof. Ryan D. McBride of the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. See Prof. McBride’s biosketch along with the full list of coauthors and abstract of this paper here. The award plaque, certificate, and check will be presented to Prof. McBride representing the team of coauthors at an upcoming virtual IEEE NPSS Pulsed Power Conference in December 2021. This is an open-access paper and is freely available to our readers. Congratulations to Prof. Ryan D. McBride and the team of coauthors on this accomplishment.

Optimal H2 Production and Consumption for Improved Utility Operations: Path to Net-Zero Emission Energy Production

Due to population growth, electricity demand increases significantly, and a continued reliance on fossil fuels will contribute to the global warming crisis. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, electricity production accounts for 33% of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of which 65% of this amount is produced by large-scale coal and natural gas power plants [1]. As a consequence, the global temperature is estimated to rise about 1.5°C to 2°C on average by the year 2050. To that end, the U.S. government set a nationwide Net-Zero Emission goal by the year 2050 in which the power sector, especially utilities and generation companies must supply their load with green energy by 2035, and the transportation sector must be electrified completely by 2050 [2]. Additionally, due to the advancements in distributed energy resources (DERs) technologies, such as solar, wind, storage, hydrogen (H2), and demand response programs, the capital costs of these technologies will drop by 60%-70% until 2050 according to the National Renewable Energy Lab’s (NREL) reports, accelerating the growing trend of utilizing more DERs [3].In recent years, H2 energy has demonstrated a great potential for large deployment from economic, environmental, and technical viewpoints. Generally, H2 energy can be produced, compressed, stored, and consumed using an electrolyzer, a compressor, a storage tank, and a fuel cell (FC) [4]. There are various technologies for water electrolysis such as alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM), and solid oxide electrolysis, in which electricity is used to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen. The generated H2 can then be compressed and stored in a storage tank, in the form of cryogenic liquid or high-pressure gas. The most important applications of H2 energy are 1) power generation with stationary/mobile FC units; 2) transportation fuel for light- and heavy-duty FC vehicles; 3) fuel for residential and commercial buildings (e.g., space and water heating); 4) feedstock for ammonia production, etc., 5) assist utilities with technical concerns such as PV smoothing, voltage, and frequency regulations, etc. [5] [6].In this study, we consider the perspective of the distribution system operator (DSO) that manages the DERs, especially H2 production and consumption by H2 systems, to reach the goal of net-zero emission energy production. It should be mentioned that a vertically integrated design is considered for the operation of the distribution network. To have realistic analysis of distribution network considering the power flow and voltage challenges, a standard 33-node distribution network [7] based on Fig. 1 including utility-operated natural gas power plants (combined cycle units and combustion turbine units), PV units, Battery energy storage (e.g., Li-ion batteries, Vanadium Redox flow batteries, etc.), and H2 systems (including electrolyzers, compressors, storage tanks, and FC units) are considered. Different types of voltage-dependent loads are considered such as critical, moderately critical, and non-critical loads to resemble load types like hospitals, offices, grocery stores, etc. The goal of normal operation from grid operators' (utilities) perspective is to operate these assets to minimize the total operational and investment costs and maximize the green energy production for the power sector. Interested readers are encouraged to check [8] for more information.Simulation results for different case studies assume costs for the year 2050, and demonstrate that with considering H2 systems and Redox flow batteries, the net-zero emission energy production for electricity demand supply is achieved in high PV penetration levels while addressing the technical and physical network constraints.[1] “U.S. Energy Information Administration,” [Online].https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=77&t=11.[2] “International Energy Agency,” [Online].https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050.[3] L. J. Vimmerstedt, C. R. Augustine, P. C. Beiter, W. J. Cole, D. J. Feldman, P. Kurup, E. J. Lantz, R. M. Margolis, T. J. Stehly, C. S. Turchiet al., “2018annual technology baseline (atb),” National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), Tech. Rep., 2018.[4] H. Haggi, W. Sun, J. M. Fenton, and P. Brooker, “Risk-averse cooperative operation of PV and hydrogen systems in active distribution networks, ”IEEE Systems Journal, 2021.[5] A. Kovaˇc, M. Paranos, and D. Marciuˇs, “Hydrogen in energy transition: A review,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021.[6] “Road Map to US Hydrogen Economy,” [Online].http://www.fchea.org/us-hydrogen-study.html.[7] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, “Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing,” IEEE Power Engineering Review, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 101–102, 1989.[8] H. Haggi, W. Sun, J. M. Fenton, and P. Brooker, “Proactive scheduling of hydrogen systems for resilience enhancement of distribution networks,”2021IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC), 2021. Figure 1

IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference

IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference

Narratives of resistance and decolonial futures in the politics of the Bermudian Black Power movement

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the spatial politics of the Bermudian Black Power movement and its connections to Black Power political formations in the wider Caribbean and North America. This spatial politics is examined in detail through an engagement with the First Regional International Black Power Conference (BPC) held in Bermuda on 10–13 July 1969 and the subsequent Black Power political activity on the island that the conference inspired. Through this engagement it is shown how the island of Bermuda and its black population were constitutive of transnational circulations of radical Black Power, and aligned thinkers and activists. This paper develops a reading of a politics of Black Power on the island as challenging hegemonic geographies and political spatialities of white supremacy through the envisioning of alternative, decolonial futures and a resultant pre‐figurative political praxis. Such a reading is built on the theory of West Indian scholars David Scott and Brian Meeks and the spatial ontology of Doreen Massey. D. Scott and Meeks have been key contributors to Caribbean critical thought for many decades, with D. Scott the long‐time editor of the Caribbean studies journal Small Axe, and both have been concerned with post and de‐colonial politics in the region and the role of temporality and historiography in conceptualisations of the Modern Caribbean and Jamaica in particular. This paper offers an exploration of a decolonial spatial politics and political praxis, through the theory of post‐colonial Caribbean intellectuals, that foregrounds the agentive and insurgent capacity of Black Power as a political movement in the imagining and pre‐figuration of emancipatory futures beyond hegemonic geographies of white supremacy, (neo)colonialism, and (neo)imperialism.

Conference Report : 31st Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

Conference Report : 31st Power and Energy Society Annual Conference

Drive circuitry of an electric vehicle enabling rapid heating of the battery pack at low temperatures.

SummaryHeating battery at low temperatures is fundamental to avoiding the range anxiety and the time-consuming charging associated with electric vehicles (EVs). One method for achieving fast and uniform battery heating is to polarize the cell under pulse currents. However, the on-board implementation of this method leads to an increase in the cost and size. Therefore, in this study, an adapted EV circuitry compatible with the existing one and an optimized operating condition are proposed to enable rapid battery heating. With this circuit, electricity transfer between the cells can be realized through a motor, leading to remarkably higher battery currents than those of the conventional circuit. The increase in the maximum heating currents (from 1.41C to 4C) resulted in a battery temperature rise of 8.6°C/min at low temperatures. This heating method exhibits low cost, high efficiency, and negligible effects on battery degradation, practical and promising on battery heating of EVs.

Montreal 1968 and the Last Colonial Generation

Held at Montreal’s McGill University from 11 to 14 October 1968, the “Congress of Black Writers: Toward the Second Emancipation—the Dynamics of Black Liberation” was dubbed the largest Black Power conference ever held outside the United States. In Moving Against the System: The 1968 Congress of Black Writers and the Making of Global Consciousness, David Austin has compiled the surviving transcripts of this historic gathering, including the speeches by Walter Rodney, C. L. R. James, Stokely Carmichael, and Richard B. Moore, and he provides an extended introduction locating Montreal within the global politics of the late 1960s. This essay considers Moving Against the System as an archive of black and Caribbean history, examining both the debates that occurred among the participants of the conference and Austin’s role as an archivist and interpreter of Montreal’s radical past.

Speaking for the ‘world power economy’: electricity, energo-materialist economics, and the World Energy Council (1924–78)

AbstractThe emergence of a field of global energy policy is usually traced back to the events around the 1973–74 oil embargo. This article provides a prehistory to this by tracing the genealogy of the ‘global energy economy’. This genealogy is reconstructed through the lens of the World Power Conference (WPC, today the World Energy Council, WEC), a non-governmental international organization founded by a British electro-technical engineer in 1924. In a comparison with the engineering of ‘natural forces’ in the nineteenth-century steam economy, I argue that electricity, and particularly large electrical systems, not only changed the meaning of power and institutionalized a regular documentation of the ‘power economy’, but enabled and concentrated ownership of the ‘forces of nature’ as a productive factor. This more comprehensive view of the role of electricity in the economy gave rise to an energo-materialist economics among the electro-technical engineers, technicians, and planners whom the WPC assembled. The WPC imagined itself as the centre of calculation of this ‘global energy economy’, initiating international standardization and complementing the statistics of international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations. As the integration of all ‘energies’ in one statistical model required conversion factors across very different technical processes, it took the urgency of the oil crisis for the WEC to compile a global energy balance, thus statistically ‘representing’ the state of the ‘global energy economy’.