Average Power Research Articles

Confining Conversion Chemistry in Intercalation Host for Aqueous Batteries.

Conversion-type anode materials with high theoretical capacities play a pivotal role in developing future aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs). However, their sustainable applications have long been impeded by the poor cycling stability and sluggish redox kinetics. Here we show that confining conversion chemistry in intercalation host could overcome the above challenges. Using sodium titanates as a model intercalation host, an integrated layered anode material of iron oxide hydroxide-pillared titanate (FeNTO) is demonstrated. The conversion reaction is spatially and kinetically confined within sub-nano interlayer, enabling superlow redox polarization (ca. 4-6 times reduced), ultralong lifespan (up to 8700 cycles) and excellent rate performance. Notably, the charge compensation of interlayer via universal cation intercalation into host endows FeNTO with the capability of operating well in a broad range of aqueous electrolytes (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.). We further demonstrate the large-scale synthesis of FeNTO thin film and powder, and rational design of quasi-solid-state high-voltage ARB pouch cells powering wearable electronics against extreme mechanical abuse. This work demonstrates a powerful confinement means to access disruptive electrode materials for next-generation energy devices.

Predicting Particle Size and Soil Organic Carbon of Soil Profiles Using VIS-NIR-SWIR Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Models

Modeling spectral reflectance data using machine learning algorithms presents a promising approach for estimating soil attributes. Nevertheless, a comprehensive investigation of the most effective models, parameters, wavelengths, and data acquisition techniques is essential to ensure optimal predictive accuracy. This work aimed to (a) explore the potential of the soil spectral signature obtained in different spectral bands (VIS-NIR, SWIR, and VIS-NIR-SWIR) and, by using hyperspectral imaging and non-imaging sensors, in the predictive modeling of soil attributes; and (b) analyze the accuracy of different ML models in predicting particle size and soil organic carbon (SOC) applied to the spectral signature of different spectral bands. Six soil monoliths, located in the central north region of Parana, Brazil, were collected and scanned via hyperspectral cameras (VIS-NIR camera and SWIR camera) and spectroradiometer (VIS-NIR-SWIR) in the laboratory. The spectral signature of the soils was analyzed and subsequently applied to ML models to predict particle size and SOC. Each set of data obtained by the different sensors was evaluated separately. The algorithms used were k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), linear regression (LR), artificial neural network (NN), and partial least square regression (PLSR). The most promising predictive performance was observed for the complete VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrum, followed by SWIR and VIS-NIR. Meanwhile, KNN, RF, and NN models were the most promising algorithms in estimating soil attributes for the dataset obtained from both sensors. The general mean R2 (determination coefficient) values obtained using these models, considering the different spectral bands evaluated, were around 0.99, 0.98, and 0.97 for sand prediction, and around 0.99, 0.98, and 0.96 for clay prediction. The lower performances, obtained for the datasets from both sensors, were observed for silt and SOC, with R2 results between 0.40 and 0.59 for these models. KNN demonstrated the best predictive performance. Integrating effective ML models with robust sample databases, obtained by advanced hyperspectral imaging and spectroradiometers, can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of soil attribute prediction.

“That weird kid without parents”: a qualitative analysis of identity following bereavement due to parental intimate partner homicide in Australia

ABSTRACT Purpose Bereavement through parental intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a unique form of complex trauma that may disrupt and destabilise identity in surviving children. This qualitative study aimed to generate a better understanding of post-homicide experiences and needs in the context of identity to improve support for these neglected victim-survivors. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Australia with 12 participants aged 16 to 55 years (10 females, one male, and one non-binary) who were younger than 18 years when one of their biological parents murdered the other. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Four themes were generated: (1) non-normalcy; (2) isolation and alienation; (3) negotiating silence; and (4) understanding self through connection to parents. Participants’ bereavement seemed to catalyse a self-concept of difference that was defined relationally in opposition to “normal” peers. Isolation ensued this othering and was sometimes compounded by a lacking sense of belonging in post-homicide family environments or engagement in support that exacerbated alienation. Societal taboos saw participants mask their inner worlds, which hampered sense making and drove self-uncertainty. Connection to parents was an important vehicle for self-understanding. Participants generally rejected perpetrators and maintained an active connection with the deceased, which sometimes served as a powerful means of resolving identity-based tensions (e.g. fear of inheriting perpetrator traits). Conclusions Peer-based models of support and connection to victim parents warrant further investigation as potential intervention targets to alleviate identity-based distress following bereavement due to parental IPH.

Research on the Design and Performance of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Water Removal Device Based on Optimized Filler Ratio

This study focuses on the development and optimization of a water removal device for biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plant emissions. BVOCs play a crucial role in various ecological processes and have potential therapeutic effects on human health. However, it is challenging to accurately detect and analyze BVOCs due to their very low concentrations and interference by water vapor. This study systematically evaluates different filler materials and ratios to alleviate water vapor interference while maintaining BVOCs’ integrity. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of MgSO4 + Na2SO4 mixed filling and CuSO4 layered filling in a 3:3:1 ratio can effectively improve the collection efficiency and detection accuracy of BVOCs. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the device in improving the detection of volatile compounds in plant samples is also confirmed by the VOC verification experiments on Michelia maudiae and Cinnamomum camphora tree species after mechanical damage. The experimental results show that the device is effective in improving the detection of volatile compounds in plant samples. The findings provide a powerful technical means for exploring the role of BVOCs in environmental monitoring and scientific research.

EQ-5D Based Utility Values for Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease that negatively affects health-related quality of life (QoL). Utility values, which measure QoL by weighting health states with societal preferences, are required for the cost-utility models that drive economic evaluations and policy decisions. Moayeri et al. published a systematic review and meta-analysis of utilities (EQ-5D) in COPD in June 2016. The current study investigated changes in mean utilities in more recent studies thereafter, exploring heterogeneity in utilities across diverse clinical and study characteristics. Systematic searches of databases, such as MEDLINE and Embase were undertaken from 1 July 2015 until 20 May 2024. A random-effects meta-analysis of utilities (EQ-5D) was performed which addressed inter-study heterogeneity and subgroup analyses. The pooled general mean (95% CI) utility value was 0.761 (0.726–0.795) from 43 studies, whereas Moayeri et al. reported 0.673 (0.653–0.693) from 32 studies. This improvement in mean utilities could be due to increased awareness, early detection, and better medical interventions over the past decade, but demonstrates that a general utility value should be approached with caution given significant heterogeneity. Four meta-regressions were performed on each subgroup: region, method of elicitation, reported comorbidities, and disease stage; of which, method of elicitation, disease stage, and region were found to be significant moderators of utilities. It is, therefore, important to use meta-analysed utilities for cost-utility analyses that reflect the context and patient population of the model. Moreover, these results provide additional evidence for the precision and sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L over EQ-5D-3L.

Scherzo Op. 31, No. 2 by Frédéric Chopin

Frédéric Chopin’s contribution to the development of the genre of scherzo is unique. The four independent Scherzos composed by Chopin represent the development and the innovation he brought to the traditional scherzo. Chopin’s Scherzos share very little of the playful character of the classic scherzo, being considered rather dramatic works. Chopin’s different approach to the genre and the names of the genres went along with the stylistic changes of the early 1830s. His approach can be described as renovating, creating a kind of internal order in the permissive world of the pianistic genres of the nineteenth century. Chopin did not choose the genre titles arbitrarily, nor used them without sense. They had thought it was not necessarily conventional, generic meaning. The composer, however, did not ignore the connotative values of the titles. More than that, he has absorbed them and built values based on these titles that he later transformed into new genres. The purpose of this article is to decipher the features of Chopin’s scherzo and his style of composition, through the analysis of Scherzo No. 2 and comparing all the scherzos composed by Chopin, which will lead to a better understanding of his musical language. Keywords: scherzo, trio, tradition, independent genre.

Analytical Solution to the Steady Navier-Stokes Equation for a Supersonic Cone in the Area of Boundary Layer Behind the Shock Wave by Means Tunnel Mathematics

The means of tunnel mathematics (the theory of functions of a spatial complex variable) allow for an analytical solution to the problem of supersonic flow around a cone in the area of the boundary layer and beyond. The peculiar feature of the Navier-Stokes equations is that they allow for the determination of analytical velocity fields of fluids only for a small number of simple problems. Of course, the problem of the supersonic motion of fluid around a cone is not included in this number. Tunnel mathematics is a method for finding analytical vector velocity fields for steady flows of fluids with axial symmetry. The Navier-Stokes equations are then used to determine pressure and temperature distributions. The main theorem of tunnel mathematics allows for the determination of these distributions for planes z = const (similar to constructing slices of a brain in an MRI procedure). By collecting these “slices,” we can obtain full space distributions of pressure and temperature around a supersonic cone. At this stage of investigation, the conclusions obtained through tunnel mathematics make it possible to qualitatively assess the thickness of the boundary layer on the cone's surface, the shape of the shock wave, and whether the shock wave intersects the boundary layer. First of all, we focused on ensuring that the resulting solutions corresponded to the physical pattern of phenomena. No doubt, solutions obtained through tunnel mathematics must be confirmed experimentally.

Klein–Nishina Corrections to the Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

Multiwavelength modeling of the synchrotron radiation from relativistic transients such as gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows is a powerful means of exploring the physics of relativistic shocks and of deriving properties of the explosion, such as the kinetic energy of the associated relativistic outflows. Capturing the location and evolution of the synchrotron cooling break is critical to break parameter degeneracies associated with such modeling. However, the shape of the spectrum above the cooling break, as well as the location and evolution of the break itself can be significantly altered by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) cooling. We present an observer’s guide to applying SSC cooling with and without Klein–Nishina (KN) corrections to GRB afterglow modeling. We provide a publicly available Python code to calculate the Compton Y-parameter as a function of electron Lorentz factor, from which we compute changes to the electron distribution, along with KN-corrected afterglow spectra and light curves. In this framework, the canonical synchrotron spectral shapes split into multiple subregimes. We summarize each new spectral shape and describe its observational significance. We discuss how KN corrections can account for harder spectra and shallower decline rates observed in some GRB X-ray afterglows. Our overall aim is to provide an easy application of SSC+KN corrections into analytical multiwavelength modeling frameworks for relativistic transients.

S-Sulfenylation Driven Antigen Capture Boosted by Radiation for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT)-induced in situ vaccination greatly promotes the development of personalized cancer vaccines owing to the massive release of antigens initiated by tumor-localized RT eliciting the tumor-specific immune response. However, its broad application in cancer treatment is seriously impeded by poor antigen cross-presentation, low response rate, and short duration of efficacy. Herein, the tumor-antigen-capturing nanosystem dAuNPs@CpG consisting of gold nanoparticles, 3,5-cyclohexanedione (CHD), and immunoadjuvant CpG were fabricated to enhance RT-induced vaccination. Taking advantage of the specific covalent binding between CHD and sulfenic acids of antigen proteins, we show that this nanoplatform has an unexpected potential to capture the sulfenylated tumor-derived protein antigens (TDPAs) induced by RT to in situ generate a vaccination effect, achieving significant growth suppression of both primary and distant tumors in combination with PD-1 blockade. We thus believe that our work presents a powerful and effective means to improve the synergistic tumor radioimmunotherapy.

New Results on Simpson-Type Inequalities for Co-ordinated Convex Function by Generalized Conformable Integrals

In this paper, firstly, we prove an identity involving generalized conformable integrals. By using this obtained identity, we establish several Simpson-type inequalities for differentiable co-ordinated convex function by means of generalized conformable fractional integrals. More precisely, some Simpson-type inequalities are obtained using the well-known Hölder and Power mean inequalities. Furthermore, we also consider some special cases which can be deduced from the main results.

Molecular developments in parasellar tumors and potential therapeutic implications.

The parasellar region is the anatomical area around the sella turcica that represents a crucial crossroad for important adjacent structures. Several distinct tumors can primarily originate from this area, the most common being meningiomas, gliomas, embryonal cell tumors, germ cell tumors and craniopharyngiomas. In addition, a number of systemic and inflammatory disorders can also affect the parasellar region most commonly involving the pituitary. These lesions have different pathology characteristics and malignant potential according to the new WHO CNS5 2021 classification. Signs and symptoms may be non-specific and are mostly related to a mass effect on the surrounding anatomical structures and/or impairment of endocrine function whereas the vast majority lack a secretory component. The mutational signature analysis based on advances in molecular techniques, has recently enabled the identification of specific gene mutations or signalling pathway aberrations. These developments may serve as a powerful mean to delineate the pathophysiology of these lesions and serve as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool, particularly for high-risk populations. Treatment options include surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and disease-specific medical therapy in order to prevent recurrence or further tumor growth along with replacement of coexistent pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In this comprehensive review, we present current state-of-the-art developments in the histopathology and molecular biology of these lesions that may be utilized by a dedicated multidisciplinary team of relevant specialties for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the parasellar lesions that often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Strong F\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$\\mathcal {F}$\\end{document}-convexity and concavity and refinements of some classical inequalities

The concept of strong F\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}${\\mathcal {F}}$\\end{document}-convexity is a natural generalization of strong convexity. Although strongly concave functions are rarely mentioned and used, we show that in more effective and specific analysis this concept is very useful, and especially its generalization, namely strong F\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}${\\mathcal {F}}$\\end{document}-concavity. Using this concept, refinements of the Young inequality are given as a model case. A general form of the self-improving property for Jensen type inequalities is presented. We show that a careful choice of control functions for convex or concave functions can give a control over these refinements and produce refinements of the power mean inequalities.

МЕТОДЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РАДИАЦИОННОГО БАЛАНСА ПОЧВЕННОГО И РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ УГОДИЙ

In this article, an analysis of calculation methods for determining the radiation balance and photosynthetically active radiation of soil and vegetation cover of agricultural land is conducted. The lack of continuous actinometric observations of solar radiation and radiation balance at meteorological stations in the Eurasian region leads to the widespread use of empirical and semi-empirical models based on climatic and geographical indicators. Mathematical models based on climatic indicators, which vary in spatial and temporal aspects and are formed on the basis of the principle of natural analogies, provide reliable and accurate data. However, calculation methods that use geographical indicators do not have physical and mathematical meaning, resulting in significant errors in the data. The aim of the research is to analyze indirect methods to identify their physical and mathematical justification. The need for the development of quantitative methods for assessing the effective use of photosynthetically active radiation to improve forecasting and management of agricultural land is emphasized.

Specific features of Russian coordinating conjunctions from the activity approach perspective

The article examines the specific features of Russian coordinating conjunctions, first and foremost primary i (English and), a (English while, and), no (English but), da (English but, and). The prepositions are examined from the standpoint of the activity approach to the description of linguistic units, i. e., considering the actions of the speaker using these conjunctions, as well as the listener who, thanks to them, receives the information necessary to understand a coherent text. Particular attention is given to the primary conjunctions due to their key role in text organisation. Numerous compound conjunctions and prepositions only develop some of the subtleties of connection against the background of text organisation. Data from several foreign languages are also used to expand the picture since the system of simple coordinating conjunctions in Russian is unique and finds no exact correspondence in other languages. The conjunctions are semantically described taking into account their general meanings and functions. A new interpretation is proposed for the conjunction da. The functions of the conjunctions are associated with the communicators’ activity. During interaction, the speaker partially prompts what kind of information the listener will get. In particular, the conjunction i and its analogues in many other languages indicate that something similar to the previous message will be communicated. The conjunction no shows a violation of the addressee’s expectation, and this function is also very common in the world’s languages. In a few languages there are more subtle indications of the subsequent message content. For example, one can use the conjunction a in Russian to warn that something new, but not necessarily contradictory to the previous information, will be communicated. Finally, it remains possible to signal the addition of information suggesting its exhaustiveness, which is expressed with the conjunction da in a few of its meanings. Marking precisely such semantic relations enables one to draw a conclusion about possible connections between sentences in the text and the presupposition in it regarding the course of the narration.

Dopamine-mediated interactions between short- and long-term memory dynamics.

In dynamic environments, animals make behavioral decisions based on the innate valences of sensory cues and information learnt about these cues across multiple timescales1-3. However, it remains unclear how the innate valence of a sensory stimulus affects acquisition of learnt valence information and subsequent memory dynamics. Here we show that in the Drosophila brain, interconnected short- and long-term memory units of the mushroom body jointly regulate memory via dopamine signals that encode innate and learnt sensory valences. Through time-lapse, in vivo voltage-imaging studies of neural spiking in >500 flies undergoing olfactory associative conditioning, we found that protocerebral posterior lateral 1 dopamine neurons (PPL1-DANs)4 heterogeneously and bi-directionally encode innate and learnt valences of punishment, reward, and odor cues. During learning, these valence signals regulate memory storage and extinction in mushroom body output neurons (MBONs)5. In initial conditioning bouts, PPL1-γ1pedc and PPL1-γ2α'1 neurons control short-term memory formation, which weakens inhibitory feedback from MBON-γ1pedc>α/β to PPL1-α'2α2 and PPL1-α3. During further conditioning, this diminished feedback allows these two PPL1-DANs to encode the net innate plus learnt valence of the conditioned odor cue, which gates long-term memory formation. A computational model constrained by the fly connectome6,7 and our spiking data explains how dopamine signals mediate the circuit interactions between short- and long-term memory traces, yielding predictions that our experiments confirm. Overall, the mushroom body achieves flexible learning via the integration of innate and learnt valences within parallel learning units sharing feedback interconnections. This hybrid physiologic-anatomic mechanism may be a general means by which dopamine regulates memory dynamics in other species and brain structures, including the vertebrate basal ganglia.

Comparison of the width-to-height ratio in maxillary anterior teeth in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The width-to-height (W/H) ratio values of maxillary anterior teeth are parameters used in esthetic dentistry. However, a meta-analysis of studies evaluating these parameters in individuals from different countries, taking sex into account, is lacking. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and compare the W/H ratio values seen in the maxillary anterior teeth of different populations. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases to identify English and non-English language articles reporting the golden ratio, golden percentage, tooth ratio, tooth size, W/H ratio, maxillary tooth width, maxillary tooth height, maxillary anterior tooth size, and dental esthetics. The titles, full text, and abstracts were scanned by 2 investigators independently to identify articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Using a meta-analysis software program, data extracted from each selected study were statistically combined using the random-effects model, and the weighted mean differences were calculated. The search protocol resulted in a total of 987 articles, but only 15 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. While the sample size varied between 50 and 412 in the 15 analyzed studies, a total of 2304 individuals from 12 countries were evaluated. As a result of the evaluation of the general W/H means of the maxillary anterior teeth, the largest teeth were seen in Korea and Pakistan, and the general mean W/H ratios of the central, lateral, and canine teeth showed no statistically significant difference between sexes (P>.05). As a result of the meta-analyses of the W/H ratios of the maxillary central, lateral, and canine teeth, the differences between populations were found not to be statistically significant.

Transcending Boundaries: The Role of Literature in Challenging Social Norms and Redefining Perspectives on Migration and Cultural Marginality Through the Works of Halaby, Lahiri, and Hamid

This study aims to examine the transformative power of literature in challenging prevailing social norms and reshaping perspectives on migration, alterity, and cultural marginalization. Focusing on the novels Once in a Promised Land by Layla Halaby, The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri, and Exit West by Mohsin Hamid, the analysis examines the representation of the individual Other, challenging stereotypes, and highlighting the characters’ personal and political traumas. The concept of nowhereness, which stands for the emotional and psychological state of migrants moving in unfamiliar cities, is explored, highlighting the paradoxical experience of simultaneous death and rebirth. The characters in these novels are in a deep state of emptiness, serving as “citizens in waiting and deportees in waiting.” Their experiences in the liminal space of waiting are closely intertwined, creating a shared temporal landscape that enriches the exploration of the complexity of migrants. In this regard, the authors challenge the conventional tactics of silencing voices and concealing images to transform the harrowing ordeals of the Other into a powerful means of social introspection. The authors engage with Western hegemony and imperialism, seeking to inspire understanding and admiration for subaltern cultures that are marginalized by the Western world.

Endogenous and exogeneous stimuli-triggered reactive oxygen species evoke long-lived carbon monoxide to fight against lung cancer

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated anticancer approaches usually suffer from two limitations, i.e., insufficient ROS level and short ROS half-life. Nevertheless, no report has synchronously addressed both concerns yet. Herein, a multichannel actions-enabled nanotherapeutic platform using hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) carriers to load chlorin e6 (Ce6) sonosensitizer and CO donor (e.g., Mn2(CO)10) has been constructed to maximumly elevate ROS level and trigger cascade catalysis to produce CO. Therein, intratumoral H2O2 and ultrasound as endogenous and exogeneous triggers stimulate H-MnO2 and Ce6 to produce •OH and 1O2, respectively. The further cascade reaction between ROS and Mn2(CO)10 proceeds to release CO, converting short-lived ROS into long-lived CO. Contributed by them, such a maximumly-elevated ROS accumulation and long-lived CO release successfully suppresses the progression, recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer with a prolonged survival rate. More significantly, proteomic and genomic investigations uncover that the CO-induced activation of AKT signaling pathway, NRF-2 phosphorylation and HMOX-1 overexpression induce mitochondrial dysfunction to boost anti-tumor consequences. Thus, this cascade catalysis strategy can behave as a general means to enrich ROS and trigger CO release against refractory cancers.Graphic

Menganalisis Nilai-nilai Moral dari Karakter Desiree dalam Cerita Pendek (Désirée's Baby) oleh Kate Chopin

Etymologically, the word moral comes from the Latin mos, which means the customs that a person has towards the people around him. Meanwhile, the general meaning is the norms of life that are carried out in order to maintain the level of social order in life. Moral values ​​in general are points related to good and bad behavior that guide a person's life. Therefore, this research was created to describe the moral values ​​of "Desiree" the main character in the short story "Désirée's Baby" in 1893. Analysis of this journal emphasizes the moral message that the author wants to convey to readers through analysis of the story's characters. In this story the main character Desiree presents a series of complex and deep moral values. The aim of this research is to find out and understand what moral values ​​are contained in the short story so that readers can emulate and learn from them for life.

In situ heating-induced loading of anion-rich vacancy Mo–Fe1-xS nanoparticles on mesoporous carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Inspiriting the kinetics of transition metal sulfide-based anodes is key to optimizing rate performance and cycling stability. To this end, the controllable anion vacancy and large specific surface area are considered as powerful means to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries due to their unique physical and chemical properties and convenient transport paths. Hence, we have generated Fe3+/MoO42−@cystine nanosheets by solvothermal reaction with iron molybdate nanosheets using cysteine as a sulfur and carbon source. in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the Fe3+/MoO42−@cystine nanosheets calcined under a vacuum state undergo significant structural evolution, consequentially, the decomposition and carbonization of cystine induces the generation of mesoporous structures with increasing temperature. In the half-cell, Mo–Fe1-xS@mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon-600 showed excellent rate capability at current densities of 0.1–5 A g−1, as well as excellent cycling performance (428.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g-1 after 800 cycles). Mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon and sulfur vacancies induced enhanced conductivity, fast ionic transfer and structural stability, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance of Mo–Fe1-xS@mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon under calcination at 600 °C (Mo–Fe1-xS@MCN-600).