Powder Capsules Research Articles

Optimization of /locel 101 and Amylum as /illers in Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.) Capsules /ormulation

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.) is an herbal plant that is beneficial for health due to its main chemical component, andrographolide. Sambiloto can be formulated into capsules to make it more practical and comfortable for consumption, mask the bitter taste, and guarantee dosage accuracy. This research aimed to determine the optimal concentration of Flocel 101 and amylum as capsule fillers to achieve the best physical properties of Sambiloto extract capsules. The study was conducted experimentally using 5 (five) formulas (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) with various concentrations of Flocel 101 and amylum. A series of tests were conducted on the physical properties of the capsule powder: organoleptic tests, water content, flowability, disintegration time, and average capsule weight. Additionally, quality control was performed by checking for microbial contamination through total plate count (TPC) and yeast and mold count (YMC) tests. The results of this research indicated that the F1 formula provided the best physical properties and met the requirements, with the appearance of a greenish-gray dry powder, water content of 6.88%, flow rate of 20 g/s, disintegration time of 15.5 minutes, average weight of 0.55 g, TPC 250 cfu/g, and YMC <10 cfu/g.

Impact of Moringa oleifera on the post-prandial blood glucose level among adults in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO) has been used in the treatment of the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) all over the world. However, studies in Pakistan which show impact of MO on the blood glucose are lacking. This study was aimed to assess the impact of the MO leaf powder capsules on post-prandial blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Methods: This pilot study was conducted in a health care center, Rawalpindi, Pakistan among 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic participants for one year from January 2021 to December 2022. All participants were asked to fast for 12 hours on two occasions and each time their blood glucose levels were assessed via glucometer after giving bread. On first visit without MO capsules and on next visit with MO capsules. Data analysis was done by applying descriptive and paired t-test via SPSS version 25. Results: The mean values for study population of age, fasting blood glucose level, and post-prandial blood glucose level without giving MO capsules were, 51.50 with SD±5.28 year, 136.94 with SD±39.64 mg/dL, and 306.31 SD±151.35 mg/dL respectively. After 90 minutes of Intake of MO leaf powder capsule, the reduction in post-prandial blood glucose level in diabetic patients was significant (p=0.03), however, in non-diabetic healthy participants, it was statistically insignificant (p=0.08). No side-effects of MO were observed in any participant. Conclusions: In short, this study showed that Moringa oleifera ingestion decreases post-prandial blood glucose level significantly among diabetic, while not in non-diabetic. Moreover, intake of MO has no side effects.

The Effects of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent etiological factor for liver cirrhosis worldwide. It is frequently associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have NAFLD. In a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, seventy-six patients diagnosed with both T2DM and NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either ginger powder capsules (1000 mg, twice daily) or placebo capsules (administered in the same manner) for a period of three months. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, biochemical profiles, and imaging parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Safety measures were also evaluated. In both the ginger and placebo groups, there was a significant reduction in mean body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, as well as liver transaminase levels. Moreover, significant improvements in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed in the ginger group (p = 0.02 and < 0.0001, respectively). Within the ginger group, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, the ginger group exhibited an improvement in serum HDL-cholesterol level (p = 0.01). However, there were no significant changes in the assessed inflammatory markers or the indices obtained from fibroscan imaging, including steatosis percent and controlled attenuation parameter. This study demonstrates that ginger supplementation can significantly improve mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, it does not have a significant impact on inflammatory markers or fibroscan imaging indices. Nonetheless, the three-month use of ginger improves serum insulin level, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HDL-cholesterol level compared to baseline values. Further investigations with longer durations and larger sample sizes are recommended.

Post-partum iron deficiency anemia: Prevalence and impact of moringa oleifera leaves powder on hemoglobin levels in postpartum period

Iron deficiency anemia is a cause of concern for pregnant and lactating mother globally. As per NFHS 5 Data, 52.2% pregnant women (Both Urban and Rural) are anemic in India. Iron Deficiency Anemia is associated with maternal and neonates’ mortality, restricted cognition development, low birth weight babies, Premature babies and majorly stunting which affects the nutritional status throughout the vicious cycle. Postpartum anemia is associated with an impaired quality of life, reduced cognitive abilities, emotional instability, and depression and constitutes a significant health problem in women of reproductive age. Multipronged strategies are required to curtail maternal anemia. Food based approach to prevent anemia is the most sustainable strategy. To investigate the impact of moringa oleifera leaves powder capsules on haemoglobin levels of postpartum mothers. The study was conducted in one of the govt. hospitals of Vadodara District of Gujarat, India and was a part of larger study carried on M Oleifera effects on prolactin levels. An interventional study was carried out amongst 106 postpartum mothers. Fifty-six mothers constituted the interventional group of which 45 mothers did complete compliance and 50 mothers constituted the control group of which 37 mothers did complete compliance of capsules for 30 days. Hemoglobin levels were analysed on day 0 (Baseline) and on day 7 (Endline) post-partum. Data was analysed using independent t test and appropriate statistical analysis.Findings revealed the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia to be 59%in postpartum mothers post-delivery. Mean baseline hemoglobin values for experimental and control group was 10.9 ± 1.4 g/dl and 10.3 ± 1.5 g/dl respectively on day 0 post-partum. The mean end line hemoglobin values for experimental and control group were 12.3 ± 1.5 g/dl and 11.6 ± 1.6 g/dl respectively on day 7 post-partum. The mean rise in haemoglobin levels of experimental group was 1.4g/dl and that of control group was 0.8g/dl which was significant (p=0.00001).Postpartum anemia is a cause of concern.There was a significant impact of Moringa Oleifera Leaves on hemoglobin levels of enrolled lactating mothers. Thus, it can be suggested that Moringa oleifera can be supplemented to lactating mothers’ post-partum to aid curtailing iron deficiency anemia. Improved haemoglobin levels in post-partum mothers may facilitate Exclusive Breastfeeding practices.

Extemporaneous preparation of rifampicin granules from capsules to improve usability

ObjectivesManipulation of tablets or capsules is frequently carried out in pharmacies to regulate doses for personalised therapy. We proposed the use of reconstructed granules as a suitable, flexible dosage form...

MENAIKKAN GENGSI PRODUK UKM BERBAHAN BAKU DAUN KELOR MELALUI REBRANDING DAN PEMASARAN ONLINE

This community service program partners with SMEs producing Moringa leaf powder capsules who have problems with low sales levels and limited marketing reach. This community service activity aims to increase sales of Moringa leaf powder capsule products through rebranding strategies and the use of online marketing media. The rebranding strategy allows the product to be better known to the public from the name that the product bears. Meanwhile, product marketing through online media has several advantages, including unlimited marketing area coverage and low cost. The implementation of this community service activity is carried out using the Focus Group Discuss method in order to finalize the rebranding plan and online marketing strategy, which is followed by the mentoring method. The results of this activity were the creation of a new Moringga brand, new packaging designs, social media accounts as online marketing tools, obtaining P-IRT permits and distribution permits for herbal supplements from BPOM. By looking at the available market share which is still quite wide, and the availability of abundant raw materials, the implementation of rebranding strategies and online marketing can increase sales of Moringa leaf powder in capsule form, thereby increasing partner income. Keywords : Moringa, Branding, Marketing, Online

A phase 1 open-label study to assess the relative bioavailability of TAK-931 tablets in reference to powder-in-capsule in patients with advanced solid tumors

SummaryIn this phase 1 open-label study, we assessed the relative bioavailability of a prototype tablet formulation of TAK-931, a cell division cycle 7 kinase inhibitor, in reference to the current powder-in-capsule (PIC) formulation in patients with advanced solid tumors for whom no effective standard treatment was available. Adult patients were randomized 1:1 in a crossover fashion to receive one dose of TAK-931 80 mg PIC on Day 1 and one dose of TAK-931 80 mg tablet on Day 3 (or the reverse sequence), followed by TAK-931 50 mg PIC once daily (QD) for 12 days starting from Day 5, before a 7-day rest period (Cycle 0). From Cycle 1, all patients received 50 mg PIC QD on Days 1–14 followed by a 7-day rest period. Twenty patients were enrolled. Median Tmax was achieved approximately 2 h post-dose of TAK-931 80 mg for both tablet and PIC. Geometric mean Cmax, AUC exposures, and T1/2z of TAK-931 were similar for both formulations. Geometric mean Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf ratios were 0.936 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.808–1.084), 1.004 (90% CI: 0.899–1.120), and 1.007 (90% CI: 0.903–1.123), respectively, for TAK-931 tablet in reference to PIC. Discontinuation of TAK-931 due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 1 patient. Four (20%) patients experienced a serious TEAE; none were considered related to TAK-931. Pharmacokinetics and systemic exposure profiles were similar following administration of both formulations, supporting the transition from PIC to tablet in the clinical development of TAK-931. (Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT03708211. Registration date October 12, 2018).

Linear growth of infants aged 0-6 months in breastfeeding mothers who consume Moringa oleifera leaf extract capsules: randomized controlled doubleblind design

The prevalence of stunting in children in Indonesia is still high. However, linear growth and infant growth rates are relatively rarely published. This study aimed to analyse the effect of linear growth and growth rate of infants aged 0-6 months exclusively breastfed on mothers who consumed Moringa leaf extract and Moringa leaf powder supplements. The design of this study was a randomized controlled Double-Blind Design. Subjects were divided into 35 intervention groups and 35 control groups. The intervention group was given Moringa extract capsules (3.2 g/day) and breastfeeding education, while the control group was given Moringa leaf powder capsules (3.2 g/day) and breastfeeding education for about 3 months. Infant growth was followed until the age of 6 months, the variables of infant growth were expressed in weight for age, body length for age and growth based on the nutritional status of the infant expressed in the Z score of weight for age (W/A), Z score of body length for age (BL/A), Z score of body weight for body length (BW/BL) and Z score of body mass index for age (BMI/A). Statistical analysis with paired T-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Exat Fisher Test. The results showed that the growth of body weight, body length, and BL/A were not different between the intervention group and the control group (p&gt;0.05). Especially for the Z score of BW/A, BW/BL, BMI/A found a difference between the intervention and control groups with a p-value &lt;0.05. The conclusion of the research is the growth rate of weight and length of infants aged 0-6 months were influenced by birth weight, infant morbidity, and exclusive breastfeeding status. The difference in the average deviation of the Z score value from the four anthropometric indices (BW/A, BW/BL, and BMI/A) roled in the administration of Moringa extract.

Consumption of &lt;I&gt;Allium sativum&lt;/i&gt; (Functional Food) and Lipid Profile of Postmenopausal Women with Dyslipidemia: A Correlational Study

CVD is the leading cause of death in women around the world. Estrogen deficiency has been linked to the rapid increase in CVD in women who have undergone natural or surgical menopause. Garlic (Allium sativum) has played an important dietary as well as medicinal role in human history. The study was conducted to assess correlation of garlic consumption on lipid level among postmenopausal women with dyslipidemia. In this clinical trial 180 respondents willing to participate in intervention program, who met inclusion criteria, were divided into three groups, control (n=60), Exp-I (garlic eaters n=60) and Exp-II (non-garlic eaters n=60). Dry garlic powder was prepared using standard procedure and analyzed for its active phytonutrients. A 500 mg of dry garlic powder capsules two per day were given to the respondents for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis for cholesterol levels were measured in the standard laboratory before and after the study. Questionnaire-cum- interview method was used to obtain relevant information. Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance tests were conducted to analyze the data. Mean age of the respondents was found to be (53.6 ± 0.89) years. Pretest cholesterol levels in control (211.2 ± 6.24), Exp-I (212.2 ± 6.41) and Exp-II (212.4 ± 6.74) was observed. The results indicate that all the groups exhibit negative correlation with total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides but the values of control group are non-significant and the relationship is weak, whereas values of experimental groups (Exp-I and Exp-II) shows strong negative correlation which is significant at 1 % level. Strong positive correlation observed with HDL among experimental groups and weak positive non-significant correlation was seen with control group. It can be concluded that functional property of garlic has positive correlation in managing dyslipidemia among postmenopausal women. Significant improvement in the lipid level was observed with garlic intervention.

Sintered powder oxidation variation as a function of build height for titanium alloy produced by electron beam powder-bed fusion

• Virgin Ti-6Al-4V feedstock was shown to have oxygen content variability as a function of build height. • Powder morphology between low-oxygen and high-oxygen content particles show no differences across singular builds. • Due to the elevated temperatures in PBF-EB, Ti-6Al-4V may be gettering the build chamber during the initial build layers. It is well-established that titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) powder oxidizes during electron beam powder-bed fusion (PBF-EB) due to the high background temperatures resulting from layer preheating and sintering of the powder bed before melting. However, it is not known if oxidation is homogeneous throughout the entire build area. This work investigates the potential for variation in powder oxidation as a function of build height for PBF-EB Ti-6Al-4V, up to build heights of 35 mm. Thin-walled cylindrical powder capsules were printed in proximity to solid parts in order to capture the sintered powder for controlled chemical sampling. Powders collected from the bottom 3 mm and top 3 mm of the powder capsules show no morphological differences from the virgin powder. Higher oxidation is observed at the bottom of the powder capsules, and decreases with build height to approximately zero at 35 mm height. This magnitude of oxidation and change with build height was consistent across multiple locations in multiple builds, suggesting build height is the main factor in oxidation magnitude. An increase in oxygen content of 0.02 wt.% in a single build is significant when considering the maximum allowable oxygen is only 0.13 wt.% in material specifications (ASTM F3001-14). The predominant source of oxygen must be transient. This helps prioritize some potential sources of oxygen (e.g. powder moisture) over others when developing mitigation techniques. All of these observations from this work motivate scrutiny of powder handling and mixing procedures as well as development of oxidation mitigation techniques.

Effect of Zinc (Zn) -Doped on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of (Cdo)1-Xznx Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique

Pure cadmium oxide films (CdO) and doped with zinc were prepared at different atomic ratios using a pulsed laser deposition technique using an ND-YAG laser from the targets of the pressed powder capsules. X-ray diffraction measurements showed a cubic-shaped of CdO structure. Another phase appeared, especially in high percentages of zinc, corresponding to the hexagonal structure of zinc. The degree of crystallinity, as well as the crystal size, increased with the increase of the zinc ratio for the used targets. The atomic force microscopy measurements showed that increasing the dopant percentage leads to an increase in the size of the nanoparticles, the particle size distribution was irregular and wide, in addition, to increase the surface roughness of the nanoparticles. An increase in the zinc ratio also led to a decrease in the energy gap. While the Hall effect measuring showed an increase in the concentration of charge carriers and a decrease in their mobility with increasing the doping ratio.

The effect of Aloe vera powder on anthropometric and metabolic syndrome’s indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blinded controlled clinical trial

PurposeIt is well accepted that diabetes is associated with heart diseases and hyperlipidemia as a risk factor. In traditional medicines, some herbs such as Aloe vera seem to be effective in controlling diabetes. Owing to lack of human studies, this study aims to examine the effect of Aloe vera consumption on fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients.Design/methodology/approachThis double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was conducted in 2019, in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 56 diabetic subjects were randomized by block randomization to receive a daily supplement of 1,000 mg Aloe vera powder capsules (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28) for eight weeks. At baseline and after eight weeks of treatment, dietary intake and physical activity were assessed by three-day food recall and international physical activity questionnaire. Meanwhile, after an overnight fasting, FBS and lipid profiles were measured. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were assessed in the beginning and the end of the study. Independent t-tests were used for between-group analysis and paired t-tests for within-group analysis.FindingsAfter intervention, weight, body mass index and waist circumference significantly decreased in comparison to the placebo group (p-value: < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.02). Although, FBS, total triglyceride and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p-value: 0.03, 0.001 and 0.01), no change has been seen in low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol blood level and diastolic blood pressure.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study are the short study duration and lack of Aloe vera powder’s ingredient analysis.Originality/valueThis study is one of few human studies investigating the effect of Aloe vera on metabolic syndrome’s indices in diabetic patients. Because pharmacological therapy is tough, not comfort and correlated with potential adverse drug interactions, it is important to find an alternative or complementary measure to aid the diabetic patients. This study shows that Aloe vera has positive effect on body weight and blood sugar.

Gastrodia elata powder capsule enhances anti-epileptic effect of carbamazepine by decreasing P-gp expression

Purpose: To investigate the influence of Gastrodia elata powder capsule (GC) or gastrodin (GTD) on the anti-epileptic effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) on penicillin (PG)-induced epilepsy in rats.&#x0D; Methods: A total 116 rats were used in this study. Rats in the control group (n = 8) were injected with normal saline (NS) in place PG. Epilepsy was induced in the remaining 108 rats on the first day via PG injection. The rats were then divided randomly into six groups (18 rats per group): PG group, CBZ group, CBZ + GC group, CBZ + GTD group, GC group, and GTD group, which were given (p.o.) NS, CBZ (100 mg/kg), CBZ (100 mg/kg.) + GC (350 mg/kg), CBZ (100 mg/kg) + GTD (100 mg/kg), GC (350 mg/kg), and GTD (100 mg/kg), respectively, once a day for 15 days. The behavioral characteristics of the rats were observed and used to assess the anti-epileptic effect of the test drugs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot assays were employed for the determination of the effect of CBZ, GC and GTD on the expression levels of P-gp.&#x0D; Results: CBZ significantly reduced the symptoms of epilepsy, while GC and GTD enhanced the antiepileptic effect of CBZ, and reversed the CBZ-induced increases in the protein expressions of mrd1a and P-gp (p &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: GC reverses CBZ drug resistance, probably through downregulation of P-gp expression. This finding indicates that GC is a potential anti-epilepsy drug, but it merits further studies.

The Effects of Hydrogen Supplement on Cycling Performance During Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise in Humans: A Pilot Study

ObjectivesIn this study we investigated the effects of hydrogen (H2) supplement, in the form of calcium bound H2 powder capsules, on aerobic and anaerobic cycling exercise. MethodsTrained male subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design trial and received H2-rich calcium powder (HCP) supplement (1500 mg/day, 2.544 μg/day of H2 gas) or H2-depleted placebo (PLA) (1500 mg/day) for 3 consecutive days.Aerobic experiment: Eighteen subjects carried out a cycling incremental exercise starting at 20 watts (W) work rate, and increasing by 20 W/2 minutes until exhaustion. Blood gases including pH, bicarbonate ion (HCO3–), partial pressures of CO2 (PCO2), metabolic profile including lactate (Lac), and electrolytes including chloride (Cl–) were measured at rest and at 120-, 200-, and 240-W work rates.Anaerobic experiment: Six subjects carried out a 30 second Wingate anaerobic exercise test (WAnT) bout with a resistive load of 7.5% of body mass. Lac was then measured at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 15-minutes following the WAnT exercise. ResultsAerobic experiment: At rest, HCP had a significantly lower pH (P = 0.048), Cl– (P = 0.011), and a higher HCO3– (P = 0.041), PCO2 (P = 0.026) compared to the PLA group. During exercise, pH decrease (supplement effect: P = 0.043) and the HCO3– increase (supplement effect: P = 0.030) continued in the HCP group. Additionally, HCP did not affect peak work load and exercise duration. And no changes were noted in Lac at rest or during exercise.Anaerobic experiment: HCP did not affect peak power output or Lac recovery following WAnT. However the average power output during exercise was significantly higher in the HCP group (P = 0.019) compared to the PLA group. ConclusionsHCP supplementation following 3 days of intake, slightly lowered pH during aerobic exercise, and increased average power output in the anaerobic WAnT exercise compared to the PLA group. HCP supplement might have an ergogenic effect in an anaerobic exercise setting. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan. In addition, we received a research grant from the company ENAGEGATE Inc. and they provided the HCP supplement and placebo. However, no intercession, restrictions or agreements of any kind was imposed between parties regarding research design, results or publications.

Dose Escalating and Bioavailability Phase 1 Studies Assessing Safety and Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Tildacerfont, a Small-Molecule CRF1 Receptor Antagonist

Background: Tildacerfont (SPR001; LY2371712), a second generation, potent, selective, nonsteroidal, oral small-molecule antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor type-1 (CRF1) receptors in the pituitary gland, is in late stage development as a potential treatment for adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). We report the results of 3 randomized Phase 1 studies of safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of tildacerfont in healthy adults and compare the relative bioavailability of 2 tildacerfont formulations. Methods: Two Phase 1 studies were double-blind, placebo-controlled and evaluated escalating doses (2–800 mg QD) as single doses (SAD; n=18) and 50-200mg as multiple doses (MAD; n=47). The studies also included pilot food effect and drug-drug interaction sub studies, respectively. A randomized, balanced, open-label, crossover study (n=42) examined the relative bioavailability (BA) of single oral doses of 2 tildacerfont formulations, 200 mg powder-in-capsule (PIC) compared to 200 mg low-drug load tablet. Results: In the SAD and MAD studies, the most common, non-procedural adverse events were headache and cough. In the BA study, the most common, non-procedural adverse events were constipation and headache. There were no study drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs) in any study. In the SAD and MAD (PIC formulation), tildacerfont concentrations declined in a multi-exponential manner with Cmax occurring moderately late, ~5 hours post dose, and a high degree of variability was observed in AUC and Cmax (CV range: 54–122%). A food effect was observed in the SAD. Fourteen days of dosing achieved near steady state exposure with an AUC accumulation ratio of 2.51 to 3.65 in the MAD study. Midazolam, a sensitive probe substrate for CYP3A4 exhibited ~2-fold increase in AUC and a 1.8 increase in Cmax when co-administered with tildacerfont suggesting moderate CYP3A4 inhibition. The tablet formulation reduced the variability (AUC and Cmax CV range: 69–72%) compared to the PIC formulation resulting in a more predictable pharmacokinetic profile. The half-life of the tablet was ~60 hrs. Bioequivalence in AUC was established with the tablet and PIC formulations (fed state) with Cmax ~20% higher for tablet than PIC due to a reduction in and more consistent Tmax, median [range], from 6 [4.5, 24] hours to 3 [2, 6] hours. Conclusions: These results suggest that tildacerfont is safe and generally well-tolerated in healthy adults and suitable for further study in patients with CAH. The tablet formulation provided a more consistent pharmacokinetic profile with reduced variability in all parameters and is being evaluated in late stage studies of tildacerfont in adult CAH.

A big divide in prices of lactobacillus preparations in India

There exists a wide range of variation in the prices of drugs marketed in India and other parts of the world. In the Indian market, various probiotic drugs of different brands, different combinations and different dosage forms are available. To evaluate the cost of Lactobacillus combinations of different brands of one dosage form and difference in cost of different brands of the same dosage form by calculating the percentage variation of cost. The retail cost of different Lactobacillus combinations being manufactured by different companies, in the same dosage form was compared. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same dosage form manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and the percentage variation in price of same dosage form was calculated. Among Lactobacillus combinations of different dosage forms, the percentage variation in price of powder form, tablet form, capsule form and liquid dosage form were 380.7%, 578.5%, 3446.6% and 338.3% respectively. The average percentage price variation of different brands of Lactobacillus combinations of the same dosage form manufactured in India was very wide. The appraisal and management of selling drugs should be directed towards maximizing the advantages of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic outcomes.

A Clinical evaluation of Raktamokshana and Trayodashanga Guggulu in management of Katigata vata w.s.r. to Lumbar spondylosis.

Background: Stressful life, travelling, workout or ageing, all of them lead to one of the most common health problem known as low back pain. It is becoming a major health issue all over the world. Based upon the pathophysiology and symptoms of Katigatavata is equated with lumbar spondylosis which is a Vata dominant Sandhiroga affecting the Katee region. Kapha Kashya in the Pristha-asthisandhis leads to Rukshta and Vatakopa. To study the etio-pathogenesis and to evaluate effectiveness of Raktamokshana and Trayodashanga Guggulu in Katigata Vata (Lumbar spondylosis) Methods: A total of 30 patients of Katigata Vata were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups (15 in each group). In Group A (n = 15), Raktamokshana (cupping) was done at an interval of 15 days in two sittings along with placebo (roasted suji powder) capsules (PC) for one month. In Group B (n = 15), Raktamokshana (cupping) was done at an interval of 15 days in two sittings along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (TDG) for one month. Results: Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (Group B) has shown better result in compare to Raktamokshana along with placebo (Group A). Percentage relief in forward flexon was same in both groups, and complete remission of symptoms of Katigatavata was more in patients treated with Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu. Conclusion: Clincally Raktamokshana along with Trayodashanga Guggulu (Group B) has shown better result in compare to Raktamokshana along with placebo (Group A).

Analysis of Cannabidiol, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Acids in CBD Oil/Hemp Oil Products

Hemp products are readily available and are aggressively marketed for their health and medicinal benefits. Most consumers of these products are interested because of cannabidiol (CBD), which has taken the natural products industry by storm. The CBD and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) concentrations in these products are often absent, and even where labeled, the accuracy of the label amounts is often questionable. In order to gain a better understanding of the CBD content, fifty hemp products were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for CBD, Δ⁹-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁹-THCAA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Δ⁹-THCAA and CBDA are the natural precursors of Δ⁹-THC and CBD in the plant material. Decarboxylation to Δ⁹-THC and CBD is essential to get the total benefit of the neutral cannabinoids. Therefore, analysis for the neutral and acid cannabinoids is important to get a complete picture of the chemical profile of the products. The GC-MS method used for the analysis of these products was developed and validated. A 10-m × 0.18-mm DB-1 (0.4 μ film) column was used for the analysis. The majority of the hemp products were oils, one of the products was hemp butter, one was a concentrated hemp powder capsule, and another was a hemp extract capsule. Most of the products contained less than 0.1% CBD and less than 0.01% Δ⁹-THC. Three products contained 0.1–1% CBD, and 2 products contained 0.1–0.9% Δ⁹-THC. All of the samples appeared to be decarboxylated since the CBDA and Δ⁹-THCAA results were less than 0.001%. The developed method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible for the detection of Δ⁹-THC, Δ⁹-THCAA, CBD, and CBDA in CBD oil/hemp products.

Effectiveness of ginger on pain following periodontal surgery – A randomized cross-over clinical trial

BackgroundIbuprofen is one of the generally prescribed Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for postoperative pain after periodontal surgery, but are contraindicated in certain patients. Ginger, which is the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, being a common herbal drug having anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic activities can be an efficient substitute for synthetic agents like Ibuprofen. ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen and dried ginger powder on pain and gingival inflammation following open flap debridement. Materials and methodsTen systemically healthy individuals with chronic generalized periodontitis were selected for this single-blinded randomized cross-over clinical trial and underwent open flap debridement in at least two quadrants. Each quadrant was randomly allocated to receive either Ibuprofen (400 mg) or Ginger powder capsules (400 mg) thrice daily for three days. Subjects were requested to note down the pain score on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) provided in a printed format, for the first eight hours after surgery and on the following two days, and gingival inflammation was assessed after one week, using Modified Gingival Index (MGI). ResultThe difference in the VAS score and MGI between the two groups was not of statistical significance. ConclusionEffectiveness of ginger powder for the management of pain and gingival inflammation following open flap debridement is comparable to that of ibuprofen.

4553 An investigation into the use of curcumin, a topical herbal agent, for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

4553 An investigation into the use of curcumin, a topical herbal agent, for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia