Poverty Alleviation Programs Research Articles

Mitigating structural violence through legislative oversight: examining poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria

Mitigating structural violence through legislative oversight: examining poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria

PENGARUH PROGRAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI 25 PROVINSI WILAYAH PRIORITAS PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN EKSTREM

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of poverty alleviation programs of 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in 2020 – 2023 period. This research uses panel data regression methods to determine the effect of poverty alleviation programs, namely the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT), Kartu Prakerja (KPK), and Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) on poverty levels. Secondary data of 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in the 2020 – 2023 period was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K), and other ministries/institutions. The regression results show that KUR has a negative effect on poverty levels, while PKH, BPNT, and KPK have no effect on poverty levels in 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in the 2020 – 2023 period

Analyzing 'Food Insecurity' Poverty in ASEAN: A Comparative Study of Poverty Alleviation Programs in Indonesia Pre and Post-COVID-19

Countries whose economies depend on or are supported by agriculture are called agricultural countries so agriculture is a country where the majority of the population is engaged in the farming sector. Countries that are successful as agricultural countries and can overcome poverty because they provide many jobs include Japan, the Netherlands, the United States, Australia, and China. These five countries have succeeded in alleviating poverty by maximizing their agricultural potential. This is different from other agricultural countries in ASEAN, including Indonesia, because the poverty rate is still relatively high. This is a dilemma because food-producing agricultural countries experience quite high levels of poverty. This research aims to reveal the facts of poverty in Indonesia and ASEAN as agricultural countries and analyze the relationship between poverty alleviation programs and poverty to obtain their effectiveness. Disclosure of poverty facts in Indonesia and ASEAN as agricultural countries uses secondary data, collected from various sources, such as the ASEAN Report. The relationship between types of aid and poverty in Southeast Sulawesi uses secondary data sourced from various relevant institutions/ministries. The panel data type and time series compare the performance of poverty alleviation assistance programs before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, precisely between 2018 and 2022. The panel data is then analyzed using Path Analysis by carrying out difference tests, classical tests, and linear regression tests. The results of the analysis show that there are significant differences in poverty levels before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. However, no significant differences were found in the variable number of poor people. The BPNT program does not affect poverty alleviation, while PIP and DD can reduce poverty significantly. The research findings for scientific implications are that poverty alleviation assistance with the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) scheme does not have a significant role in reducing poverty, while education assistance (PIP) and village funds are proven to play a role in reducing poverty. The theoretical implication is the application of these findings so that experts and researchers consider this when including it as an object (variable) in reflecting the correlation relationship with poverty alleviation. The practical implication is that the Government, through TNP2K, will continue the PIP and DD programs and revise the BPNT program. This is because the two poverty alleviation programs are effective in reducing poverty rates, while BPNT is not effective. Furthermore, the government's focus in the future will not only be on how to reduce the poverty rate but also how to reduce the number of poor people.

Implementation of a Poverty and Hunger-Free Village as a Realization of the SDGs

General Background: Poverty and hunger are complex issues targeted by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specific Background: Sumorame Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency, implements programs aimed at poverty and hunger alleviation, focusing on collaboration and resource management. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have not deeply explored implementation aspects at the village level within the SDGs framework. Aims: This study analyzes the implementation of poverty alleviation programs in Sumorame Village, focusing on communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Results: The findings indicate that effective communication and competent human resources are crucial for success. Financial resources are appropriately allocated, though infrastructure remains inadequate. Positive attitudes and strong commitment enhance program effectiveness, while the bureaucratic structure follows proper procedures. Novelty: This study provides an in-depth examination of poverty alleviation in the village context, highlighting the role of communication and resource management. Implications: Regular evaluations of physical resources and infrastructure maintenance are necessary for sustainable poverty reduction. This research offers insights for policymakers and local governments in similar settings. Highlights: Communication: Effective communication with residents is vital for the success of poverty alleviation programs. Resource Allocation: Proper budgeting and competent human resources enhance the program's impact but infrastructure improvements are still needed. Bureaucratic Structure: Adhering to standard operating procedures and defining roles supports program implementation. Keywords: Poverty, Hunger, SDGs, Village Implementation, Resource Management

Targeting poverty alleviation and stock price crash risk

This study explores how participation in the Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) program impacts the risk of stock price crashes among Chinese listed companies. The analysis demonstrates a significantly positive effect of TPA participation on price crash risk, with the results remaining robust across various tests. Mechanism analysis indicates that firms involved in the TPA campaign engage in higher earnings management, concealing negative information to maintain a positive reputation, which could trigger a price crash when the information is eventually disclosed. Moreover, we find that the effect of the TPA campaign is significantly stronger in companies with less institutional ownership.

Geospatial determinants of urban poverty in Nigeria: an analysis of locally weighted factors

ABSTRACT Determining the factors that influence poverty has been seen as one of the ways of identifying appropriate poverty alleviation strategies in cities. This has been done, in most cases, through the application of ordinary least squares (OLS), which assumes homogeneous influence without considering the spatial heterogeneity that may occur in this influence. This study aims to determine the spatial heterogeneity in the influence of public infrastructure, economic, environmental, and social factors on poverty, by carrying out comparison analysis using OLS and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in ArcGIS Pro 3.0.1, with a view of proffering poverty alleviation strategies for each section of an urban area. A questionnaire in Geographic Open Data Kit (GeoODK) was administered to 366 urban residents across the twenty wards in the selected city in Nigeria. The results reveal that factors that influence income poverty are spatially varying in direction and weight across a city. Spatial heterogeneity of poverty’s determinants should be considered in the formulation and implementation of effective poverty alleviation policies and programs.

INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN INDIA: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

This research paper explores the enduring challenges of inequality and poverty in India, a nation characterized by its remarkable economic growth, cultural diversity, and social complexity. The paper delves into the multifaceted dimensions of inequality and poverty, examining their economic, social, and political underpinnings. It investigates the consequences of these challenges, including health disparities, educational inequalities, and social unrest, and underscores the imperative of proactive policy measures. The study reviews key policy implications, including poverty alleviation programs, educational reforms, healthcare initiatives, and social welfare measures. Moreover, it discusses the challenges and future directions for India as it seeks to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, ensure social inclusion, and foster good governance. In conclusion, this research underscores the urgency of addressing these challenges and achieving equitable development in India, offering a comprehensive framework for policymakers and stakeholders to consider. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Poverty, India, Economic Disparities, Social Inclusion, Policy Implications, Sustainable Development

The Role of Migration in Social Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation Programs in Bihar

Abstract Migration plays a pivotal role in shaping social inclusion and poverty alleviation efforts, especially in regions like Bihar, where a significant portion of the population depends on seasonal and permanent migration for livelihoods. This article examines the intricate relationship between migration, social inclusion, and poverty alleviation programs in Bihar, leveraging secondary data from sources such as the Census 2011, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and reports from NITI Aayog. Apart from this, we will discuss primary source through case studies, policy reports, and stakeholder interviews to enhance understanding of migrant workers' challenges in accessing social welfare programs. Through a comprehensive literature review, objectives, and methodological framework, this study aims to highlight the role of migration as a double-edged sword that can both challenge and enhance the effectiveness of social welfare programs in Bihar.

Comparative Analysis of The Implementation of Pro-Poor Budgeting in Indonesia Regency Governments in 2020

Pro-poor budgeting is an approach in public sector budgeting aimed at allocating resources equitably and effectively to improve the welfare of impoverished communities. This research aims to compare the implementation of pro-poor budgeting programs in Indonesian regencies in 2020, based on their Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD). The regencies selected for this study were chosen based on the completeness of the documents Regional Poverty Alleviation Implementation Report (LP2KD) in 2020. The method uses a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis, utilizing data from Regional Poverty Alleviation Implementation Report (LP2KD) in 2020. The results of this research include the implementation of pro-poor budgeting by the regency governments, an analysis of the comparative percentage of pro-poor budgeting implementation per OPD among the regency governments, and an identification of several key poverty alleviation programs in each regency. This research provides an overview of the extent to which pro-poor budgeting programs are implemented in these three regions. Although there are differences in the realization of pro-poor budgeting between the cities and regencies studied, this research highlights the importance of the role of local governments in effectively allocating resources to support poverty alleviation. The information obtained from this research presents a foundation for policymakers to improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs at the local level. This study presents a comparative analysis of the implementation of pro-poor budgeting with a different approach from previous research, by comparing three regencies in Indonesia in 2020.

The Effect of Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Poverty on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province

The Human Development Index can be used as an indicator of successful development in a country or region. In 2023, Lampung Province's Human Development Index in 2023 amounted to 72.48 and was the lowest in Sumatra Island. This study aims to determine how much the speed of convergence of the Human Development Index between districts/cities in Lampung Province and also to determine how much influence the variables of Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Poverty affect the Human Development Index in Lampung Province in the short and long term. The study used secondary data on Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, Poverty, and Human Development Index in 13 districts/cities in Lampung Province from 2014 to 2022. The research method used is dynamic panel data regression using the Sys-GMM model. The results showed that the Human Development Index gap between districts/cities in Lampung Province decreased by 54.49% per year. The elasticity of the short-term effects of Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Poverty on the Human Development Index is 9.27%, -1.52%, and -2.41%, respectively. In the long run, health expenditure, education expenditure, and poverty affect the Human Development Index by 20.38%, -3.35%, and -5.30%, respectively. Therefore, the government should continue programs in the health sector, evaluate spending in the education sector, and create poverty alleviation programs that have a significant impact.

The relationship between social capital and community resilience among urban poor communities in Malaysia

The problem of poverty remains persistent in developing countries around the world. Poor households, particularly those headed by women, young people, and informal workers, particularly those who live in urban areas, are those most affected by vicious cycles of socioeconomic disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition, therefore, will lead to urban poverty issues that decline individuals’ quality of life and livelihoods due to the growing population and expansion of urbanization areas. However, there are limited numbers of empirical studies on the impact of community resilience on poverty. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between social capital and community resilience among urban poor communities. 481 respondents from urban poor communities living in the poor communities housing called, the People’s Housing Project (PHP) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were given a structured questionnaire by cluster sampling from December 2021 to July 2022. Data were analyzed using reliability analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings showed that social capital is positively significant in community resilience building through having a good relationship with the community’s representative and having good involvement in the neighborhood. This study has proven that social capital in poverty adaptation among the poor should be given priority by the authorities in the poverty alleviation programs. The government must implement specific social capital policies and methods for upgrading the income of the urban poor with the aim of fostering resilience among urban poor communities in Kuala Lumpur in an effort to eradicate poverty.

Performance of Implementation Program Keluarga Harapan in Jember Regency

Public programs must be managed with the aim of achieving desired results. As a poverty alleviation program that has been running in Indonesia, the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) has a policy direction not only to ensure that assistance is right on target but also to eradicate poverty with the target result being empowered and prosperous. A study of program implementation performance can describe the failure or success of implementing a policy. This research aims to analyze the performance of the implementation of the PKH in Jember Regency. Analysis using the performance measurement framework by Cole and Parston (2006) includes policy input, processes, policy output, and policy outcome policy. Then, assess the quality of policy output using policy output aspects from Randall B. Ripley including access, coverage, frequency, bias, timeliness of services, accountability, and suitability of programs to needs. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data analysis uses interactive data analysis. The research results show that there are weaknesses in the dimensions processes which results in implementation not going well. Validation and Verification Activities for Prospective beneficiaries are carried out by system without going through field verification by facilitator. The beneficiaries Verification activity was not carried out due to the matching of social assistance data with population data and education data. The activity of updating beneficiaries data did not run optimally due to a poor coordination process between facilitator and the Village Government. However, an assessment of the quality of policy output shows high performance. Of the seven aspects reviewed, there were two aspects that showed they were ineffective, namely the bias aspect and the program coverage aspect. The validity of data on beneficiaries is not yet completely good because there are still beneficiaries who are not eligible to receive social assistance, resulting in bias. Program coverage is still minimal in terms of the number of beneficiaries, only around 20% of the existing poor families

Equality of healthcare resource allocation between impoverished counties and non-impoverished counties in Northwest China: a longitudinal study

BackgroundThe Health and Medical Assistance Program for Poverty Alleviation is part of China’s targeted poverty elimination strategy, which aims to protect poor people’s right to health and prevent them from becoming trapped in or returning to poverty because of illness. Many tasks have been defined in this program, including raising the medical insurance level, providing a triage system, improving medical and health services, and enhancing people’s health. One pivotal aspect of this initiative involves equitable health resource allocation, a key measure aimed at bolstering medical and health services. This study aimed to analyze and compare health resource allocations in different counties in Northwest China after the implementation of the program.MethodsThe Gini coefficient quantifies the level of distributional equality, the Theil index assesses the sources of inequality, and the Health Resource Agglomeration Degree gauges the accessibility of health resources.Results1) The health resource allocation distributed based on population(Gini Coefficient < 0.45) was more equitable than that distributed based on area(Gini Coefficient > 0.35) among counties in Northwest China. 2) The contribution rate within non-impoverished counties is higher than that of impoverished counties, which means the inequality within non-impoverished counties. 3) The allocation of beds in medical institutions by area in non-impoverished counties was better than that in impoverished counties, and accessibility to health services for residents in non-impoverished counties was better than that in impoverished counties.ConclusionThe analysis of health resource allocation among the five provinces in Northwest China revealed significant differences in equality among the five provinces in Northwest China, and the differences were mainly derived from the non-impoverished counties. Although the equality is gradually improving, the number of health resources in impoverished counties remain lower than that in non-impoverished counties.Subsequently, it is essential to ensure equitable distribution of healthcare resources while also taking into account their utilization and quality.

Empowering Women: Family Life Education Program for Poverty Alleviation

The incidence of poverty in Indonesia has exhibited a marginal decrease, although it remains significantly distant from the desired objective and predominantly concentrated in rural regions. Efforts to reduce poverty should be optimized, particularly by prioritizing the economic empowerment of rural people and improving access to essential services. Poverty in Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, broadly impacted people's lives. Women in rural areas were a significantly affected group. It was among the five districts with the highest number of impoverished people in West Java. The study used secondary data analysis from 2005 to 2021 to understand poverty. This study employed a Concurrent Explanatory Design, which collected comprehensive interviews and statistical data. The researchers conducted interviews with the Head of the Neighborhood Association to gain insights into poverty at the local level. Additionally, they analyzed data from Statistics Indonesia on poverty, gender, and human development in Cianjur Regency from 2005 to 2021, spanning 16 years. The research sought to enhance comprehension of women's poverty in the region by integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Human development index levels were low in Cianjur Regency due to poor development and limited gender empowerment. On average, women in the region had only 5.75 years of education, equivalent to the primary school level. The Family Life Education program was needed to empower families through education and training that suited their needs in addressing this issue. Thus, it was expected to reduce poverty and improve the condition of women in the Cianjur District.

Poverty alleviation programs in Nigeria: a study on World Mission Agency (WMA) using principal component analysis

Poverty alleviation programs in Nigeria: a study on World Mission Agency (WMA) using principal component analysis

The Income Augmenting and Budget Tightening Impacts of Microfinance: Theory and Evidence from Pakistan

Since the institutionalization of microcredit as the flagship poverty alleviation program, its potential has been under constant scrutiny by practitioners and researchers. This article extends previous work by analyzing two issues: (a) whether microcredit has the potential to alleviate poverty and (b) whether the conclusion drawn from the first issue is sensitive to interest rate variations. We first theoretically show that there is reason to believe that microcredit has the potential to change the fortunes of poor communities. However, the direction of the change in fortunes is uncertain and depends on how costly microfinance institutions’ financial services are perceived by the poor. We then test these theoretical assertions against data collected from 568 individuals from Northern Pakistan. By comparing various sub-groups using Ordinary Least Square and Binary Logistic regression analysis, our results reveal that higher interest rates more than offset the positive effects of microcredit on clients’ income. We also discuss policy implications of the findings. JEL Classification: I30, G21, C61, E64.

The Role of Micro Finance in Empowering Women

The paper aims to emphasize the importance of microfinance in empowering women. The research involves a descriptive design. Numerous developmental initiatives and schemes are put into action. There are microfinance programs that are focused on rural areas and women who are economically disadvantaged in society and aimed at those who are on the fringes of society. Microfinance is a potent tool that is efficient and impactful the empowerment of women. Women empowerment faces a significant amount of obstacles financial situation, lack of education, without skills, joblessness, limited availability of land, housing, and transportation electricity and choosing as a family. It is seen as one of the most successful ways to reduce poverty instruments. Microfinance services are seen as a way to start or a means to enable empowerment females. Members of MFIs play a larger role in saving and contributing. Generating income decision making within the household, and engaging in activities outside the household sector.Despite numerous poverty alleviation programs being initiated; only microfinance has proven effective. Programs are typically associated with impoverished and women from rural areas. Microfinance is considered as one of the most effective solutions for addressing financial needs. Promote self-employment, particularly among impoverished women in rural areas. It offers assistance to individuals those without any assets to use as security for the loans. Women who have the ability to access able to foster entrepreneurship among individuals who previously had limited access to traditional financial services empowered economically and socially by earning more money from small projects and overall well-being of individuals in developing countries community initiatives and support groups promoting the empowerment and self-value of women. Microfinance becomes catalyst for societal transformation and the empowerment of women.

Impacts of Conditionalities on Cash Transfer Beneficiaries in Osun State, Nigeria

The study examined the conditionalities of the cash transfer programme in Osun state, Nigeria. It examined the level of compliance of the beneficiaries of the programme and investigated the impacts of conditionalities of the cash transfer programme. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study and a sample size of 240 respondents was involved. Twenty-four communities were purposively selected for the study in Osun State. Ten recipients of the cash transfer programme were selected from each of the 24 communities using a simple random sampling technique. A research instrument was used for data collection known as the ‘Beneficiaries’ Questionnaire on Impacts of Conditionalities on Cash Transfer programme in Osun State’. Data collected were subjected to percentage analysis. Findings showed that the majority of the programme’s beneficiaries complied with the requirements or conditions attached to it. The findings of the study equally showed that the conditional cash transfer programme has changed the orientation of the beneficiaries on regular visitation to maternity centres. The study therefore concluded that for any poverty alleviation programme to be successful in Nigeria, especially in Osun state, conditionalities must be attached and beneficiaries should be encouraged to comply.

Persistent unmet need for surgical care in Western Uganda.

Treatable surgical diseases account for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income communities. The number of deaths owing to poor surgical care or its non-availability has been reported to exceed those from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. The Ugandan government and its development partners aim to put in place measures to achieve universal health coverage for all communities. These include construction and equipping health facilities, training of health workers, opening up road networks, and poverty alleviation programmes. However, these efforts have, as yet, fallen short as evidenced by external hernias remaining the leading cause of intestinal obstruction for more than 40 years. We recommend establishment of global surgery collaborations with rural-based medical training schools and other health facilities, essential surgical skills training for medical students, task shifting in surgical care and integration of regular surgical camps in the Uganda's healthcare delivery model.

Nexus of Socio-economic Background of Parents and Malnutrition of Children in Kanam Communities of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study examined the socio-economic background and knowledge of parents as well as the malnutrition status of children aged 6-59 Months in Kanam Communities, Plateau State. A total population of 697 parents was sampled based on their attendance at the various meetings held in the communities, with the researchers as respondents to research questions 1 and 3. For research question 2, Body Mass Index (BMI) of 511 children whose parents consented were screened. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires from the participants. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS Software Version 26 and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive Statistics like frequency and percentage were employed to provide answers to the research questions raised in the study. The major findings show that the socio-economic background of the parents was poor in terms of educational level, yearly income, settlement residence, and family size. Another interesting finding shows that mothers were more involved at the interaction level with children than fathers. It was also established that there was a high rate of malnutrition among children in the communities. Recommendations made include the need for stakeholders to improve the preparation of nutritious food. Federal, State, and Local Governments and other stakeholders should take bold steps to reduce poverty and hardship among parents, especially those in rural communities with poor socio-economic backgrounds, through poverty alleviation programmes. Finally, parents need to be properly educated on childcare practices that can improve their daily lives and reduce the challenges involved when a child is malnourished.