Poverty Education Research Articles

Association between socioeconomic disadvantage and severe maternal morbidity and mortality in high-income countries: a systematic review

BackgroundSocioeconomic position (SEP) is among the most important determinants of variations in health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to summarise the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of severe...

Cultural Practices of Mothers and Babies during the Postnatal Period: A Qualitative Study in Rural Bangladesh

This study describes the experiences of women in rural Bangladesh, and the cultural practices related to how they take care of themselves and their babies, in the early postnatal period. Data were gathered through immersion in the field for six months, participant observation, document collection and in-depth interview techniques to gain a deep understanding of women’s everyday lives and practices during the postnatal period. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 28 mothers who had had at least one live child within the five years before the date of data collection, in Purba Sharifabad village of the Barisal Division in Bangladesh. The key findings of this study highlight the role of culture in the experiences of women during the postnatal period, and reveal that cultural practices, beliefs and traditions are deeply embedded in the lives of rural women. This study focuses on cultural practices which have an effect on the choices of women regarding care and support from healthcare facilities. Culture, together with poverty and low levels of education, leads them to resist healthcare from a skilled birth attendant and encourages them to believe in and trust traditional care practices during the postnatal period. Therefore, the findings of this study may contribute to future policies, planning, programs and research in Bangladesh by providing an understanding of the importance of culturally and socially rooted traditional beliefs and cultural practices. These need to be addressed for maternal and newborn healthcare initiatives to be effective, particularly in rural Bangladesh.

Research and Analysis on Regional Heterogeneity of Educational Development Level and Economic Growth

China's rapid economic development over the past 40 years has improved the overall quality of life of the population but has also brought about uneven distribution of resources. The problem of educational inequality under the conditions of uneven distribution of economic development is one of the main problems that China needs to solve. Solving the problem of educational inequality plays a positive role in social fairness, justice, and long-term stability. Based on the above background, this paper focuses on the development of education policies in recent decades, the gains and losses of education poverty alleviation, the causes of the "involutionary" competition in urban education, and the effectiveness of relevant policies. It is recommended to improve the allocation of educational resources further and invest appropriate resources in the construction of vocational and technical schools to match the current development vision of China's economy. This paper suggests that students from poor areas be allowed to study in economically developed areas to improve educational resources in poor areas in the short term. This paper also calls on the government to establish a long-term mechanism to promote the growth of the education industry and promote a positive cycle of educational development and economic development.

Educational Poverty and Deprivation: Attitudes and the Role of Teachers during the Pandemic

Educational poverty is widespread in compulsory education in terms of poor learning and socio-cultural disadvantages; it affects students with disabilities, students with learning difficulties, and those with an immigrant background. During the pandemic crisis, students with special educational needs (SENs) mostly suffered the risk of an additional deprivation. Within an advanced inclusive model during school closure, the Italian State guaranteed access to schools only to students with disabilities. What effects did this “equalizing” measure produce? What kinds of attitudes have teachers adopted and what roles have they played (active vs. passive) in order to make it sustainable? What was their acknowledgement of the educational poverty and deprivation? To what extent were their attitudes differentiated? This article explores the roles and attitudes of teachers during periods of lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We assume that the teachers’ attitudes were differentiated on the basis of five cultural dimensions (auto/hetero-referencing; vision of remote teaching; relationship with bureaucracy, relationships with students; teaching as performance or relation), and two functions (classroom teachers/ SENs teachers). The study is based on 42 semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers, principals, and parents in six lower secondary public schools with high rates of SENs students and multi-ethnicity (Northern Italy), and focused on the organisational, teaching, and relational aspects. Results seem to confirm that not all teachers agreed with the Ministry line and adopted a range of responses to the challenge of maintaining inclusivity, from the inert/impatient to the creative/active ones. Their attitudes changed during the post-pandemic period from atomistic to more collaborative, and their preoccupation with the fragile “uncertified students” increased. The article closes with recommendations on teacher training.

Disparities in Environmental Behavior from Urban–Rural Perspectives: How Socioeconomic Status Structures Influence Residents’ Environmental Actions—Based on the 2021 China General Social Survey Data

This study explores the environmental behavior disparities between urban and rural residents in China due to socioeconomic status differences amidst social governance and institutional reform. Using OLS regression models on the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) data, it analyzes the impact of socioeconomic status on environmental behaviors. This study reveals that urban residents generally exhibit better environmental behaviors than rural residents. Education and income are identified as critical drivers, with education raising environmental awareness and income driving participation in environmental activities. Urban residents benefit more from these factors. The policy recommendations are for the government to enhance rural education resources and improve education quality, ensuring that education poverty alleviation policies are effectively implemented to support rural development. Simultaneously, promoting rural economic growth and narrowing the urban–rural economic gap is crucial for improving rural environmental behavior and achieving urban–rural environmental harmony. Furthermore, the results call on the international community to focus on environmental governance systems, aiming to provide references for other developing countries in formulating environmental policies, thereby promoting the creation of a more just, eco-friendly, and sustainable global development framework.

Violent encounters on the front line: Sequential explanatory mixed-methods investigation of physical violence factors in the prehospital setting

ObjectiveWorkplace violence (WPV) is an important issue in prehospital care, especially for emergency medical technicians ( EMTs) who are at increased risk of physical violence due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to shed light on the specific factors that contribute to the underlying causes of physical WPV in the prehospital context through direct experience and insight into the work of EMTs.MethodsSequential explanatory mixed methods were applied in five western provinces of Iran from 2022 to 2023. In total, 358 EMTs that met the criteria for the quantitative phase were selected using a multi-stage clustering method. In the quantitative phase, the researchers used a questionnaire on workplace violence in the healthcare sector. Based on the results of the quantitative phase, 21 technicians who had experienced physical violence in the past 12 months were invited for in-depth interviews in the qualitative phase.ResultsThe average age of the EMTs was 33.96 ± 6.86 years, with an average work experience of 10.57 ± 6.80 years. More than half (53.6%) of the staff worked 24-hour shifts. In addition, most EMTs were located in urban bases (50.3%), and 78 (21.8%) reported having experienced physical violence. No significant correlations were found between the demographic characteristics of the technicians and the frequency of physical violence, except base location in the last 6 months. The qualitative study also created one theme (the complexity of WPV in the prehospital setting), four categories, and ten subcategories.ConclusionThe study’s results emphasize the need for comprehensive WPV factors in the prehospital setting. These factors can lead to identifying and improving strategies such as organizational support, improving communication and collaboration between responders, and training in de-escalation techniques. In addition, it is crucial to address the root causes of WPV such as poverty and lack of education in the community to create a safer and more supportive environment for patients and staff.

Quantitative Analysis of Causative Factors of Crime: A Case Study of District Sahiwal (Pakistan)

It is a postindustrial society in which the dynamics of social interaction and values have changed. Due to rapid technological changes, the social relations and bounding with social norms have been weakening. The impatience, delinquency, and criminal attitude of the people are increasing daily. The research objectives of this current study were to examine the causative factors of crime in district Sahiwal and to identify the elements that shape and influence criminal behavior in the region. The researcher used the quantitative method and exploited purposive sampling. The data was gathered from 120 criminals from Central Jail, Sahiwal, Pakistan. The analysis used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to uncover significant patterns and relationships of variables. It was found that low socio-economic status and less academic qualification were the real causes of crime in the studied area. Based on the results, it is suggested that addressing the underlying issues of bad company, poverty, unemployment, and lack of education and strengthening legal and social frameworks can create a safer, more stable community in Sahiwal. The study's findings emphasize that only through targeted interventions that address both the symptoms and the root causes of crime can meaningful progress be made in reducing crime rates and improving the quality of life for the residents of district Sahiwal. The concerned institutions should collaborate with the concerned institutions to uplift the socio-economic status of the people, and strict law and order should be enforced to tackle deviance and crime in Sahiwal, Pakistan.

Exploring the Impact of Public Debt on Insecurity In Nigeria

This study investigated the impact of public debt on insecurity in Nigeria. In the analysis, the study also sought to estimate how poverty, unemployment and level of education can affect insecurity in Nigeria. The study however, used annual time-series data covering the period from 1982-2023 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) as technique of data analysis. From the econometrics results the study revealed that unemployment, poverty have a significant positive influence on insecurity in Nigeria. Further, public debt and level of education also have a significant positive effect on insecurity in Nigeria over the sampled period. Based on the results, the study recommended that government should tackle corruption in the defense sector this is because the correlation between corruption and insecurity is positive. The need to provide and improve education and job opportunities to teaming graduates should also be prioritized. With access to quality education and job opportunities youth and fresh graduates will be able to lead production lives and make positive contribution.

An Ethical Analysis of the Online Content of Assisted Reproductive Technology Centers in Bangladesh.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become a widely utilized medical technology for treating infertility worldwide. However, societies and countries have applied these technologies in accordance with their cultural practices and belief systems. This paper presents an overview of ART providers in Bangladesh and analyzes their online content in addressing potential infertile couples. Examining the topic within the context of socio-economic and public health challenges in Bangladesh, particularly overpopulation, poverty, and lack of education, the research conducted a web content analysis of ART providers in Bangladesh from July 1 to September 1, 2023. Twenty active ART providers were identified using Google searches and an exploratory key. The analysis considered locations, landing page information, ethical standards, quality certification, foreign affiliations, and success rates. The findings revealed a concentration of centers in urban areas, raising concerns about equitable access. The absence of regulation and guidelines, coupled with the lack of ART clinic registration, highlighted potential risks to patient well-being. Landing page statements utilized highly emotive language and ambiguous terms, raising ethical concerns. The absence of explicit mention of quality standards, including ISO 9001:2000 certification, indicated potential gaps in transparency. Foreign affiliations were employed for credibility, raising concerns of misleading advertising. Limited and ambiguous reporting of success rates posed challenges for informed decision-making. Evident exploitative and commercialized practices raised concerns about potentially commodifying reproductive services. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks, transparency in reporting, adherence to ethical advertising, and increased cultural sensitivity to enhance the ethical standards of ART providers in Bangladesh.

Challenges in Malaria Control and Prevention in East Africa

Malaria remains a critical public health issue in East Africa, where high transmission rates persist despite extensive control and prevention efforts. This review article explores the multifaceted challenges that hinder effective malaria control and prevention in the region, including the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquito vectors, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, socio-economic barriers, and environmental factors. The review methodology involved analyzing recent studies, reports, and data from international health organizations. Drug resistance and vector control are significant issues, with resistance to both anti-malarial drugs and insecticides compromising treatment efficacy and prevention efforts. Additionally, socio-economic factors such as poverty and lack of education, coupled with climate variability and environmental changes, further complicate malaria control. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated approach that integrates continuous monitoring, healthcare system strengthening, community engagement, and international collaboration. By tackling these issues, East Africa can improve its malaria control efforts and ultimately enhance the health outcomes of its populations. Keywords: Malaria Control, Drug Resistance, Insecticide Resistance, Healthcare Infrastructure, Socio-Economic Barriers.

Research on the Image of Chinese Rural Women Presented on Short Video Platform --Take Douyin as an Example

As one of the leading platforms in China, Douyin has allowed the underprivileged group of rural women to showcase themselves. While empowering them, it has also led to the imposition of various labels on them. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the representation of rural women through content analysis and other research methods. It analyzes the representation of rural women from the perspectives of the communicators and the audience, and explores how the Chinese government and the platform can improve this situation. Research has found that the transmitters, the rural women themselves, have diverse images. Some are diligent and hardworking, while others are passionate about traditional culture, breaking the stereotype of poverty and lack of education. The audience has shifted from having prejudices to getting closer and gaining a deeper understanding of the rural women's image through the Douyin platform. The writer suggests that rural women should learn more about new media knowledge and improve their new media skills. The Douyin platform should encourage high-quality content production and strengthen the supervision of inappropriate and low-quality content. The government should provide relevant support policies and strengthen education for rural women.

Ableism and adaptive preferences in digital uses and skills: Social and cultural conditioning factors

This theoretical paper aims to highlight interactions between ableism and adaptive preferences that involve persons with disability with the purpose of identifying social and ideological conditioning factors in using digital media and developing digital skills. These factors encompass the availability of resources for accessing and using digital media as enabling tools capable of generating positive outcomes at an economic, social, political/civic, cultural and personal levels. Giving that digitalization processes encompass concepts of citizenship, autonomy, individual capabilities and social capital, then digital media and skills become crucial tools for equalizing opportunities and reducing inequalities. The pandemic emergency and the shift to distance learning revealed forms of digital education poverty that had a specific impact for persons with disability. Analysing the digital disability divide and inequality requires considering technological and economic variables, Universal Design principles, as well as social stratification, cultural influences, and material and symbolic resources. Digital inequalities and adaptive preferences are thus examined in their relations with social, cultural and ideological aspects that may affect expressed and perceived needs, attribution of meanings, motivation and aims which, in turn, affect access and usage of digital media as well as the development of digital skills. Taking into account these factors and their interconnections, the contribution aims to provide some guidelines for further future research aimed at deepening the socio-technical, cultural, and ideological matrices of digital inequalities affecting persons with disabilities.

Multidimensional Poverty and its Determinants in Somalia: A Household Level Analysis

Purpose: Poverty is widespread and problematic in least developed countries such as Somalia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the extent and determinants of multidimensional poverty in Somalia. Methodology: To achieve this objective, this study used the Somali Health and Demographic Survey carried out by the Somali National Statistics Bureau in 2020. Alkire and Foster’s methodology was used to measure the extent of multidimensional poverty, and an ordered logistic regression model was employed to identify its determinants at the household level. Findings: The results of the descriptive analysis show that 84.2 percent of the sampled households are multidimensionally poor, while the intensity of poverty and adjusted headcount ratio were 56.8 percent, and 0.479 respectively. Meanwhile, the study found that the living standard dimension was the major contributor (45 percent) to the overall multidimensional poverty index, followed by education and health dimensions, contributing 28.2 percent, and 26.8 percent, respectively. The ordered logit results indicate that household size significantly increases the likelihood of a household’s status being multidimensionally poor. In contrast, household education, employment of at least one household member, livestock ownership, ownership of agricultural land, and having a bank account significantly reduce the probability of being multidimensionally poor. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and international partners target the living standards dimension to reduce multidimensional poverty, improve quality and quantity of education, expand employment opportunities, promote financial inclusion, and foster the livelihoods of households involved in agriculture and livestock.

Research on Rural Education in the Context of Rural Revitalization

In the inaugural year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly emphasized that promoting rural revitalization development is a comprehensive and historical task essential for building a modern socialist country. Education is the cornerstone of rural revitalization and plays a pioneering role in this process. It is crucial to consolidate and expand the achievements of educational poverty alleviation and seamlessly connect them with rural revitalization. Empowering rural revitalization through the revitalization of rural education is both the responsibility and mission of education. This paper employs theoretical analysis and literature review methods to analyze the macro and micro relationships between rural revitalization and rural education, demonstrating the importance of rural education for rural revitalization. It also enumerates the current challenges faced by rural education and proposes relevant paths for promoting its development.

Motif Perilaku Begal Sepeda Motor Di Kota Bekasi

The motives for motorbike robbery behavior in Bekasi have become a significant concern in recent years. The research results show that economic, social and cultural factors have an important role in influencing motorbike theft. This research shows that motorbike theft in Bekasi occurs more often in areas with high levels of poverty and low levels of education. The method in this research uses the literature study method. Apart from that, research also reveals that motorbike theft in Bekasi is mostly carried out by individuals who have criminal records and are involved in criminal organizations. Based on the research results, the government and society should make efforts to increase public awareness of the importance of protecting motorbikes and improving people's quality of life. to reduce motorbike theft in Bekasi

Ekonomi Sosial Kehidupan Anak Koin Di Pelabuhan Bakauheni

Children's coin is a term for children who work as coin collectors at Bakauheni Port, Lampung. They usually swim in the middle of the sea to pick up coins thrown by ship passengers. This work is very dangerous and high-risk, but many children's coin continue to do it due to poverty and lack of education. This research aims to find out the portrait of the life and challenges of hildren's coin at Bakauheni Port. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with children's coin, parents, and related parties. Children's coin face various challenges, among others: physical hazards, such as drowning, being hit by ships, and injured by corals; social hazards, such as discrimination and stigma; psychological hazards, such as trauma and depression. The results showed that children's coin in Bakauheni Harbor come from poor families living around the harbor. They dropped out of school because they could not afford education. Children's coin work to help the family economy. Recommendations to overcome the problem of children's coin in Bakauheni Port are: The government needs to improve the welfare of the poor, especially around Bakauheni Port; The government needs to provide education and training services for children's coin who drop out of school; The community needs to provide support and understanding to children's coin. This research is expected to provide a more comprehensive picture of the lives and challenges of children's coin in Bakauheni Port. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing policies and programs to address the problems of children's coin.

Cross-Generational Variations of Educational Poverty

Cross-Generational Variations of Educational Poverty

The dynamics of multidimensional educational poverty

Education is a cornerstone in promoting the overall welfare of individuals and plays a pivotal role in shaping their lives. As the developing world grapples with the multifaceted challenges of poverty, there is a growing emphasis on evaluating poverty from a multidimensional perspective. Therefore, this study estimates the Educational Poverty Index (EPI). To construct the EPI, Alkire and Foster's (2007, 2011) methodology was used with data from the Pakistan Panel Household Survey. We also estimated the dynamics of educational poverty using logistic regression. The results show that the EPI declined from 0.24 in 2001 to 0.21 in 2010. Similarly, the intensity decreased from 0.42 to 0.30. However, the incidence of educational poverty increased from 0.58 to 0.69. At the provincial level, there was a reduction in educational poverty and intensity across all provinces. However, the rate of decline in the EPI and intensity was comparatively higher in Baluchistan than in other provinces. Most of the population belonged to the transitory poor category (0.47). Other dynamic factors such as the household head's age, education, family size, disability, and land acres also play vital roles in moving into or out of poverty. Our study reveals numerous dimensions that can increase household educational poverty. The government should be vigilant while preparing the policy and must consider the multiple dimensions of a household to eradicate educational poverty.

Using unsafe traditional practices by Iraqi mothers to treat newborns' problems

BackgroundUnsafe traditional practices are performed in different societies, especially in developing countries, owing to poverty and low levels of education. Traditional practices are usually derived from the relationship between the environment and human attitudes toward nature. Some traditional practices originate from religious beliefs, cultures, or relatives advising new mothers. ObjectivesTo identify the types of unsafe traditional practices, understand the factors influencing their prevalence, and explore the potential consequences of these practices on newborn health. MethodsThis descriptive, correlational study included 200 newborns whose mothers visited primary healthcare centers in Baghdad City. This study was conducted between January 2023 and June 2023. Data were collected from mothers by answering a questionnaire during interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two main parts: sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers and their newborns and 26 questions about traditional practices used to treat health problems in newborns. ResultsA high percentage (84%) of Iraqi mothers used unsafe traditional practices to treat their newborns’ problems (jaundice, gastrointestinal problems, sleep problems, eye problems, respiratory problems, bathing, and daily care). ConclusionMany Iraqi mothers prefer to use traditional practices such as herbs, oils, burning, and Sagwa to treat their newborns' health problems. These practices can be harmful to newborns and threaten their lives. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers’ awareness of traditional practices be increased.

A Phenomenological Study of the Under-Skilled Learners on Reading and Numeracy through Distance Learning: Case of Elementary Schools

Numerous challenges have arisen during this time, including issues with connectivity and access to online materials. Educational psychology can provide valuable insights to sustain education during periods of school closures, such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effectiveness of online learning has been a topic of discussion, as face-to-face instruction cannot be replicated entirely online. Tackling poverty in education at the elementary level requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the social, economic, and educational needs of disadvantaged students and their families. Students from these backgrounds may face academic struggles and find it difficult to keep pace with their peers. The current study, which is descriptive in nature, suggests a significant decline in the average competency scores of fifth-grade students in reading and numeracy. These findings supplement previous research on the development of individual competency, which revealed a greater reduction in competency levels during the initial wave of the pandemic