Pouteria Caimito Research Articles

New record of Youngomyia pouteriae Maia, 2001 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) in the Peruvian Amazon

We report for the first time cylindrical galls of Youngomyia pouteriae Maia, 2001 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) in Peru. Youngomyia pouteriae were exclusively found in the Atlantic Forest biome, in restinga areas of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In this study, the geographic distribution of this galling species is extended to the western Amazon lowland rainforest in Peru.

Interaksi Nisbah Daun: Buah dan Perlakuan Pupuk Daun pada Kualitas Buah Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.)

Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) is a plant of Sapotaceae family that can be consumed fresh, processed, or as a medical product. The fruit and leaves of this plant contain bioactive compounds. This research aims to inform the interaction between leaf:fruit ratio treatment and foliar fertilizer on the quality of the abiu fruit. The study was conducted at Kebun Balungbang Jaya, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java Province, from July 2022 to November 2022. The experiment used a factorial split plot design. The main plot was a leaf:fruit ratio treatment (N1, 45 leaves:1 fruit, and N2, 30 leaves:1 fruit) on each tertiary branch, and the tiller plot was foliar fertilizer (P1: 1 g L-1, P2: 2 g L-1, and P3: 3 g L-1), which consisted of 3 replications. The results showed that treatment of the leaf-fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer did not affect the quality of the abiu fruit. The interaction between leaf:fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer had a significant effect on ATT, as indicated by the lowest acidity value in the leaf:fruit ratio treatment of 45:1 and a fertilizer concentration of 1 g L-1 with a value of 0.12% but has no significant effect on the external and internal quality of other fruits. Keywords: Bioactive compounds, sapotaceae, tertiary branch, titratable acidity

Anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of compounds from the fruit of Pouteria caimito

Anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of compounds from the fruit of <i>Pouteria caimito</i>

Edible Fruits from the Ecuadorian Amazon: Ethnobotany, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Bioactive Components.

In the Ecuadorian Amazon region, there are various types of edible fruits that have distinct qualities and benefits. Understanding the uses, properties, and functions of these fruits is important for researching products that are only available in local markets. This review aims to gather and summarize the existing scientific literature on the ethnobotany, physicochemical composition, and bioactive compounds of these native fruits to highlight the potential of the region's underutilized biodiversity. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology, utilizing databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Redalyc, and SciELO up to August 2023. The research identified 55 edible fruits from the Ecuadorian Amazon and reported their ethnobotanical information. The most common uses were fresh fruit consumption, preparation of typical food, and medicine. Additionally, nine native edible fruits were described for their physicochemical characteristics and bioactive components: Aphandra natalia (Balslev and Henderson) Barfod; Eugenia stipitate McVaugh; Gustavia macarenensis Philipson; Mauritia flexuosa L.f; Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh; Oenocarpus bataua Mart; Plukenetia volubilis L.; Pouteria caimito (Ruiz and Pav.) Radlk.; and Solanum quitoense Lam. The analyzed Amazonian fruits contained bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. This information highlights their potential as functional foods and the need for further research on underutilized crops.

Pouteria caimito fruit derived nanoparticles inhibited the apple ring rot disease as well as extended the shelf-life of sliced apples

BackgroundApple disease, exaggerated by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a foremost intimidating problem for extending the apple fruit shelf-life and producing substantial economic losses for cultivators and distributors. Alternate sources are urgently needed to prevent or inhibit the ring rot infection of apple fruit instigated by Botryosphaeria dothidea ObjectiveIn this current study, we premeditated to make novel organic nanoparticles as of Pouteria caimito fruit extract and calcium chloride (PCNP), which were used to evaluate the preventive outcome of Botryosphaeria dothidea-caused apple disease on postharvest apple fruits. ResultsOur findings corroborated that the fruit derived nanoparticle had been confirmed for quality and size by altered estimations such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM and EDX) estimation, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. In addition, we have investigated the excellent inhibitory action of the pathogen infection in apples initiated by Botryosphaeria dothidea. The protective enzymes function was pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated apple fruits once equated with those of control apple fruits. The catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated fruits when compared to those of control fruits. The shelf-life extension studies were conducted for 7 days with a fresh-cut apple. The total soluble solid, pH, weight loss, and sensory studies were analyzed, and they proved the extension of sliced apple shelf life up to 7 days. ConclusionsThe discoveries of this study provided a well-organized, harmless, and environment-friendly substitute to control the apple disease as well as the durability postponement of sliced apples 7 days or may longer.

Physical and chemical quality of abiu (Pouteria caimito) fruits collected in Roraima agroforestry gardens

O conhecimento sobre a diversidade de Pouteria é importante para promover o incentivo do cultivo como fonte de renda e nutricional. Objetivou-se caracterizar físico-quimicamente frutos e sementes de Pouteria caimito (Ruiz &amp; Pavon.) Radlk coletados em quintais agroflorestais em duas regiões de Roraima. Os frutos foram coletados nos municípios de Boa Vista e Rorainópolis, para a obtenção dos dados morfométricos e análises físico-químicas. Os frutos estudados apresentam rendimento e qualidade satisfatória para consumo e processamento agroindustrial. Os valores das variáveis físico-químicas indicam que os frutos e sementes de abiu apresentam variabilidade em suas características, o que pode estar relacionada a fatores genéticos e/ou as condições edafoclimáticas. Os quintais estudados apresentam características relacionadas aos princípios da agroecologia, como a diversidade de espécies sendo áreas com potencial para a produção de alimentos que contribuem para segurança alimentar e manutenção da biodiversidade.

Leaf and Flower Characterization of Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) at Two Locations in Bogor Region, West Java, Indonesia.

Abiu is a species introduced into Indonesia from the tropics of the Amazon and has been developing for several years. Information on the characteristics of the abiu plant are still limited compared to other introduced fruit species. This research aims to identify the characteristics of the abiu plants in two locations in the Bogor region, West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted at Balumbang Jaya village, the sub-district of Dramaga, the village of Mekarsari, the sub district of Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java. Further observation was conducted at Post-harvest Laboratory and Micro Technic Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB. The field study was conducted in January to July of 2018. This research was descriptive and no treatment was applied on the plant samples. Sampling was done randomly with as many as 15 plants at each location. Observations and measurements were conducted on the number of branches, leaves and flowers on 10 samples per plants. The results showed that there is morphological diversity of flowers and leaves at the two locations. The length, width, and weight of leaves and flowers in Balumbang Jaya were larger than those in Mekarsari. Different environments may contribute to the diversity of abiu leaves and flowers in the two locations.

Pre-storage oxalic acid treatment inhibits postharvest browning symptoms and maintains quality of abiu (Pouteria caimito) fruit

The effect of exogenous oxalic acid (OA) treatment on browning and postharvest quality of abiu fruit was evaluated during the storage period. Abiu fruit was soaked in water (control), 5 mM oxalic acid (OA5), and 10 mM oxalic acid (OA10) for 10 min and air-dried, and then stored in an ambient room (28 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 5% RH) for 12 days. The results showed the peel browning in control, and the OA5-treated reached 30% on day-6 of the storage and day-12 storage for the OA10-treated. In addition, the browning symptoms in abiu pulp reached 30% on day-3, day-6, and day-9 storage, for control, OA5, and OA10, respectively. The exogenous OA10 treatment in abiu fruit could suppress the oxidation of phenolic compounds and inhibit an increase in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content during storage. In addition, applying the OA10-treated in abiu fruit could reduce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) concentration, ethylene production, respiration rate, and delay the occurrence of the climacteric peak. The exogenous OA10 treatment in abiu fruit could also reduce fresh weight loss, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, and maintain fruit firmness during storage. Therefore, the exogenous OA10 treatment could be considered an appropriate treatment to delay browning and preserve the quality of the abiu fruit.

Identification of Volatile Compounds in Several Parts of Abiu (Pouteria Caimito)

Abiu (Pouteria caimito) is one of the exotic plants native to the Amazon and has been introduced in Indonesia. Abiu has contained beneficial compounds for health. Therefore, the hexane extract from several parts of abiu were identified for its volatile compound content. The study used 6 (six) parts of abiu plant, i.e. shoot leaves, mature leaves, unripe fruit, ripe fruit pulp, ripe fruit peel and abiu seed. The contents of volatile compounds were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The results showed that the volatile compounds in abiu leaves tended to be dominated by compounds that acted for plant protection (capsaicin and 1-fluoro dodecane). The volatile compounds in unripe fruit consisted 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-hepten-3-one, methylcyclopentane, 2-hexenal and 3-hexanol compounds. In ripe fruit pulp, it were identified ketones, aldehydes (hexanal and 2-hexenal), and alcohol (3-hexanol) were identified. These compounds are related to the aroma in the ripening process of abiu fruit. The volatile compounds identified in abiu fruit peel were aldehyde compounds (2-hexenal and 2-propenal) and capsaicin, which are also related to aroma and fruit protection.

Vitamin A- and C-rich Pouteria camito fruit derived superparamagnetic nanoparticles synthesis, characterization, and their cytotoxicity.

Recently, green nanoparticles are gaining importance in drug development because of their lower toxicity, sustainability, cost effectiveness, simplicity, and ecofriendly nature compared with toxic chemicals. In this study, we developed a nontoxic method for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles by using the fruit of Pouteria caimito that is rich in vitamin A and C and evaluated their cytotoxicity. Pouteria caimito fruit¬-derived superparamagnetic nanoparticles (PCSNs) were characterized using physical and chemical methods, and their cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectro) analysis of PSNs showed a peak at 277 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings showed that PSNs exhibited a nanorod shape with their sizes ranging from 9.41 nm to 16.96 nm (average size: 13.08 nm). The findings of dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that the particle size was 186. 6-847.3 d.nm with an average of 367.5 d.nm. The Zeta potential analysis indicated that PSNs exhibited uniform surface charge distribution, and their surface charge was equal to -13.7 mV. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that PSNs exhibited bands at 3412, 1629, 1384, 1075, 818, 697, and 471 cm-1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results showed that iron was the major element present in PCSNs, followed by other biomolecules such as C, O, and Cl, indicating the production of iron oxide nanoparticles. The Pouteria caimito fruit that possesses strong oxidizing and nontoxic properties can be a potentially attractive source for the production of iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay results revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Pouteria caimito fruit extract derived can be used for targeting cancer cells and treating other diseases because of their nontoxic nature. These nanoparticles can be used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases in the future.

Effect of ripening stage on postharvest quality of abiu (Pouteria caimito) fruit during storage

Effect of ripening stage on postharvest quality of abiu (Pouteria caimito) fruit during storage

Pouteria Caimito nutritional fruit derived silver nanoparticles and core-shell nanospheres synthesis, characterization, and their oral cancer preventive efficiency

This study aimed to assess the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles (BAg) and core–shell nanospheres (BAg@SiO2) from PC fruit extract using an eco-friendly method. Besides, these BAg and BAg@SiO2 are used to evaluate their oral cancer-preventive effectiveness against oral carcinogenesis. The BAg and BAg@SiO2 were characterized using physicochemical methods such as UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDX, and ATR. The results indicated that the synthesized BAg and BAg@SiO2 both had small sizes, high stability, and no impurities. Cancer control animals showed 100% tumor and this was evidenced by the average mean volume was 386.17 mm3, and the tumor burden was 1340.53 mm3. The BAg and BAg@SiO2 treated cancer animals showed a significantly decreased tumor volume and burden compared to cancer control. The cancer animal buccal pouch showed a decrease in TBARS level, CAT activity, and SOD activity and an increase in GSH level, vitamin E level, and GPx activity. BAg-and BAg@SiO2-treated animals prevented these changes in peroxidation and antioxidant markers compared to near-normal animals. We conclude that the PC fruit extract is a favorable source for synthesizing biogenic silver nanoparticles and biogenic core–shell nanospheres. Additionally, BAg and BAg@SiO2 could exert better anticancer and antioxidant properties against oral cancer. BAg@SiO2 possessed better cancer preventive and antioxidant effects as compared to BAg because of their core-shell morphology. The core-shell morphology could be helped to sustain and trigger release of silver nanoparticles to the targeted cells. Future studies should investigate the mechanism of action of these effective BAg and BAg@SiO2 against oral carcinogenesis.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Their Benefits of Some Parts Of Abiu (Pouteria caimito)

Abiu (Pouteria caimito) merupakan tanaman tropis eksotis yang mempunyai banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan. Abiu merupakan tanaman yang menarik karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang beragam sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian terhadap berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung pada masing-masing bagian tanaman abiu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi kandungan senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak beberapa bagian tanaman abiu serta manfaatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima (5) bagian tanaman abiu yaitu daun muda, daun dewasa, buah mentah, daging buah matang dan kulit buah matang. Percobaan dilakukan dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Analisa kandungan senyawa bioaktif abiu menggunakan alat gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh bagian tanaman abiu mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan, khususnya sebagai anti kanker. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut antara lain: 1-(2-Hidroksietil)-1,2,4-triazole, 5-hidroksi metil furfural, 1-metil-5-fluorourasil dan trans-geranilgeraniol. Senyawa 1-(2-Hidroksietil)-1,2,4-triazole terkandung di dalam daun muda dan daun dewasa abiu. Senyawa 5-hidroksi metil furfural terkandung di dalam buah abiu mentah, daging buah abiu matang dan kulit buah abiu matang. Senyawa 1-metil-5-fluorourasil ditemukan di dalam daging buah abiu matang. Senyawa trans-geranilgeraniol ditemukan di dalam daging buah abiu matang dan kulit buah abiu matang.&#x0D; Kata kunci: Anti-kanker, antioksidan, ekstrak, GCMS, kesehatan.

Physicochemical Properties and Effects of Fruit Pulps from the Amazon Biome on Physiological Parameters in Rats.

This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and the effects of Amazonian pulp fruits consumption, such as araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata), abiu grande (Pouteria caimito), araticum (Annona crassiflora), biri-biri (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), and yellow mangosteen (Garcinia xanthochymus), on hematologic, metabolic, renal, and hepatic function parameters in Wistar rats (n = 10 rats/group). The pulp of abiu had the highest levels of soluble solids, sugars, and pH. Biri-biri pulp had the highest levels of ascorbic acid and total titratable acidity, and a low pH. The araticum pulp had higher (p ≤ 0.05) ash content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity than the pulp of other analyzed fruits. No significant increase in hematocrit, nor reduction of blood glucose, plasma cholesterol, and serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (TGP), creatinine, and urea was observed in experimental groups relative to the control group of rats after the consumption of fruits pulp. The intake of abiu and araticum pulps promoted a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in total leukocytes of the experimental groups as compared to the control group and only the intake of araticum significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) triglyceride blood levels in rats (99.50 mg/dL). The regular consumption of biri-biri pulp for 30 days significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO) levels in rats (116.83 U/L) compared to the control group (98.00 U/L). More researches are needed to generate knowledge about these promising Amazonian fruits, supporting the native fruit production, in addition to promoting health in the population and sustainability in the Amazon region.

Alimentación, comportamiento de oviposición, ciclo de vida y enemigos naturales de Hamadryas feronia (Nymphalidae) en la Amazonía del Perú

Introduction: Hamadryas feronia feronia, which mimics the bark of trees and often makes attention-grabbing sounds when flying, has good potential for bio-business (export, handicrafts and tourist breeding centers). However, its biological aspects are still unknown, which hinder its captive breeding. Objectives: To determine the biological aspects of feeding, oviposition behavior, life cycle and natural enemies of Hamadryas feronia feronia L. in San Rafael-Indiana, Loreto, Peru. Methods: Sampling was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in the community of San Rafael, Amazon River. Adults were observed during the day, their food plants, oviposition behavior, biological cycle and natural enemies were recorded. The life cycle was evaluated in the laboratory, using 20 eggs recently deposited on the leaves of their host plant. Results: The larvae of H. feronia feronia feed on the leaves of Dalechampia juruana and the adults feed on the bark sap of Cedrela odorata, Spondias mombin, Uncaria guianensis and the fermented fruits of Syzygium malaccense and Pouteria caimito. Adults fly on sunny days, males emit a loud sound when flying. Females prior to oviposition flit irregularly around their host plant between 8.00 and 14.00 h and deposit their eggs on the upper and underside of leaves in isolation, most frequently on the underside. The duration of the cycle from egg to adult was 28.24 days. The average egg period was 3.75 ± 0.40 days. The larvae passed through five larval instars: the first instar 3.21 ± 1.03 days, the second 2.78 ± 0.73 days, the third 2.67 ± 0.77 days, the fourth 3.22 ± 0.81 days, and the fifth 4.61 ± 0.70 days. The prepupal period lasted 1.33 ± 0.49 days and the pupal period 6.67 ± 0.80 days; the adults hatched between 10:00 to 11:00 h. Adult males lived on average 31.80 ± 3.29 days, the female 42.00 ± 2.14 days and their eggs were parasitized by a microhymenopteran (Scelionidae). Conclusions: This study allowed to know the biological aspects of H. feronia feronia identifying its food plants of both larvae and adults, its oviposition behavior, as well as it has been determined that it has a relatively short biological cycle with a period of less than one month and its eggs are consumed by a small Hymenoptera that can hinder its production. This work provides necessary information to develop the breeding of H. feronia feronia, oriented to its conservation, environmental education and biotrade (tourism and handicrafts) in the Peruvian Amazon.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a wild species of abiu fruit, Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pavon.) Radlk

Abiu fruit (Pouteria caimito [Ruiz & Pavon.] Radlk.) is endemic to the Amazonian region of South America, the fruit is also called yellow star apple, blueberry pie fruit and cauje. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of P. caimito was assembled and characterized using Illumina sequencing. The whole chloroplast genome of the wild species of abiu fruit is 158,916 bp, composed of four regions: a large single-copy region (88,096 bp) and a small single copy (18,620 bp) region, separated by two inverted repeat regions (26,100 bp), and the GC content is 36.83%. A total of 133 genes were annotated, including 88 that encoded proteins, eight that encoded rRNA genes and 37 that encoded tRNA genes. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the sequences of chloroplast genome, the results showed that the wild species of P. caimito is the most closely related to Pouteria campechiana. This study provided abundant genomics data for the research and development of P. caimito.

Effects of experimental lightgaps and topography on enrichment plantings in a central Amazonian secondary forest

ABSTRACT Enrichment plantings into secondary forest are an important option in restoring species diversity and ecosystem services. However, little attention has been given to environmental requirements for species performance. This study evaluated the effects of lightgaps and topographic position on the growth and survival of four native tree species (Pouteria caimito, Garcinia macrophylla, Dipteryx odorata and Cynometra bauhiniaefolia) planted into a 26-year old secondary forest originating from abandoned pastures in the central Amazon Basin. Artificial lightgaps and control plots under closed canopy were uniformly distributed on plateaus and bottomlands near water bodies. Seedlings were planted randomly into the plots and monitored for 28 months. Seedling survival rate was high (93%) and did not differ among species. Overall, lightgaps produced a 38% increase in seedling height relative to the controls. Although the four species naturally occur in mature forest, two of the four grew significantly more in lightgaps than in closed canopy secondary forest. Overall, bottomlands facilitated greater seedling growth in height (38%) relative to plateaus, but only one species exhibited a significant increase. This study shows the importance of the environmental variability generated with canopy openings along the topographic gradient, suggesting that both the selection of species and microsite conditions of planting sites have to be considered important criteria in the recovery of degraded areas.

Potential planting areas for native tree species in minas gerais state, Brazil, based on environmental variables and wood demand

Wood production from native tree species in Brazil is primarily limited to exploitation of natural forests. The identification of potential habitats for tree planting may provide new opportunities for natural forest conservation and management and increase the viability of native species plantations for highly valuable wood production. This study aimed to identify potential habitats for native tree planting using a crop-zoning model that combines environmental variables and wood demand modeling. The target region for the study was Minas Gerais (MG) State, Southeast Region, Brazil. The MaxEnt model was used to match environmental variables and the occurrence of 19 economically important tree species. Wood demand modeling was performed through the Grouping Analysis algorithm, using Brazilian consumption records by species. The models generated with MaxEnt were highly accurate (area under the curve [AUC] ≥ 0.77). Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr., Hymenaea courbaril L., Micropholis venulosa (Mart. & E. ex Miq.) P., P., Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk., Pouteria guianensis Aubl., Simarouba amara Aubl., and Tachigali paniculata Aubl. presented potential cultivation areas occupying 460,881, 572,467, 208,820, 202,989, 118,937, 158,254, and 288,769 km2, respectively. Three classes of wood demand were identified (R2 ≥ 0.82). The Belo Horizonte, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, and Ubá micro-regions showed high demand for most species studied. The interaction between wood demand and areas with potential for planting each species allowed the specification of priority regions for reforestation. Regions with high demand and high cultivation potential occupied, in km², 19,993.23 for A. leiocarpa, 4,193.8 for H. courbaril, 1,939.6 for M. venulosa, 16,356.3 for P. caimito, 1,623.6 for P. guianensis, 0.8 for S. amara, and 53,566.2 for T. paniculata. Establishing these native tree species near wood-based industries in regions that match the environmental variables of their occurrence area leads to natural forest conservation and economic growth of consumption centers.

Growth, ferulic acid synthesis, and histochemistry of calli of Pouteria caimito (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Radlk under different light qualities

Interest in harnessing biological processes for the production of bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased considerably. The manipulation of light quality in callus culture is considered a promising strategy for in vitro metabolite production. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of light quality on the growth, histochemistry, and ferulic acid production of callus cultures of P. caimito. For in vitro callus induction, 1-cm2 leaf fragments were cultured in 50% MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzylaminopurine in the absence or presence of light (white, blue, green, yellow, or red). Methanol extraction was performed with partitioning of the extract and subsequent quantification of ferulic acid using a liquid chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The presence of light promoted greater growth than the absence of light. In the interaction between light quality and culture time, linear biomass growth until 28 days was observed under yellow, red, and blue lights and in the dark. The highest callus biomass values were observed under yellow and red lights. The histochemical tests showed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes. The exposure of calli cultured under white light to different light qualities and culture times did not result in significant differences in the concentration or yield of ferulic acid.

English

The present work consists of the evaluation of antimicrobial activity and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of fixed oils and hexane extracts of nine fruits with the following native names: abiu (Pouteria caimito), acerola (Malpighia emarginata), araca (Psidium cattleianum), bacupari (Rheedia gardneriana), biriba (Rollinia mucosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa), graviola (Annona muricata) and tapereba (Spondias mombin L.). Different evaluations were carried out with different parts of the fruits, pulp, seed and barks. The antimicrobial assay was carried out with the following microorganisms: Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. Of these microorganisms, the best inhibition results were obtained for yeast C. albicans with percent inhibition of 94.46% by tapereba barks extracts, acerola barks (87.12%), araca seed (85.23%) and tapereba pulp (85.22%). Against the bacteria tested, percent inhibition was low, showing that the extracts have good antifungal selectivity. Some extracts were able to inhibit the enzyme AChE and high percentage of inhibition was observed for the oils, especially from biriba barks, with 86.39% inhibition, tapereba seeds with 62.17% and acerola pulp with 52.18%. Methods of Multivariate Analysis were applied through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical component analysis (HCA), to establish correlations and groupings between the data obtained, justifying 82.3% of cases for pulps, 73.2% for the barks and 65.7% for the seeds according to the PCA. Key words: Bacteria, yeasts, Alzheimer, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical component analysis (HCA).