Pounds Of Fish Research Articles

A Market for Plenty: Immigrants and the Making of the Fulton Fish Market

Founded in the early nineteenth century at the southern seaport of Manhattan, New York, the Fulton Fish Market was, and remains, one of the largest seafood markets in the world. At its heart was a workforce capable of moving hundreds of millions of pounds of fish a year, that endured public suspicion and resisted activist reform, and which ultimately shaped the palate of not only New York City, but America as a country—a workforce that was, in its formative decades, predominantly immigrants. This article builds on pre-existing general scholarship regarding the Fulton Fish Market and introduces perspectives found in contemporary newspapers, memoirs, and other nonfiction writings to study the contributions immigrants made to the identity and functions of Fulton. It adds another piece to the ever-deepening literature on New York City's immigrant histories and foodways.

Changes in Shrimping Effort in the Gulf of Mexico and the Impacts to Red Snapper.

Despite a complex management landscape and decades of overfishing, Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) stocks have grown substantially in the Gulf of Mexico and restrictions on the fisheries that catch them are being loosened. This year, annual shrimping effort was allowed to increase by 21% after National Marine Fisheries Service scientists concluded that the resulting bycatch of Red Snapper would only reduce the annual allowable catch in other fisheries by ∼1% and have no impact on population growth. Nonetheless, the recreational fishing sector intensely campaigned against this rule, fueled by wild mischaracterization of shrimp trawl bycatch in media outlets targeting anglers. Here, we aim to elevate the debates surrounding Red Snapper management by presenting scientific and historical context for the potential impacts from shrimping. We discuss our views of the current problems facing Red Snapper and key ecological questions to address for more effective management of this resource.

A Mechanized Panel Grading System for the Golden Shiner: Proof of Concept

<b> </b>In 2008, we conducted one swimming performance and metabolism study and one transportation study on the golden shiner, <i>Notemigonus crysoleucas</i>. During field work for these experiments, we consulted baitfish farmers, observed harvests, and participated as workers in actual in-vat grading events. We concluded that the physically demanding in-vat grading process could be improved by mechanization, so we developed a prototype system based on existing grading panels. We constructed a gantry system to raise, lower, and pull grading panels through the length of a rectangular holding vat. Electrical power for the prototype was provided by a 12-volt marine battery. We conducted three successful fish grading events. The grading panel remained in contact with the vat floor and vat walls at all times. No fish evaded the panel by swimming under or around the panel, and all unwanted animals such as crawfish and tadpoles were captured. After one of the tests, the farm manager reviewed the graded fish, approved the grade, and immediately loaded the fish for shipment to a customer. A limited benefit-cost analysis indicated that the benefit of mechanization during the first year of operation was approximately US$8,600. The golden shiner <i>Notemigonus crysoleucas</i> is cultured for use as live bait by anglers. Golden shiners are harvested from ponds containing a mixed-size population, and are placed in rectangular holding vats, where they are sorted into specified weight categories. Workers on Arkansas baitfish farms typically sort golden shiners by physically pulling rectangular panels comprised of a set of uniformly spaced vertical rods through a vat holding as much as 400 pounds of fish. We developed and tested a device that replaces physical effort with machine power to accomplish the grading process.

Murray Goodman: Stories out of school

Murray Goodman: Stories out of school

Steelhead trout: factors in protection

1805. The expedition had just made a hard passage by foot through Rocky Mountains, and they arrived at river fatigued and almost starving. The sustenance they found came in form of salmon. Wrote Merriwether Lewis in his journal, the multitudes of this fish are almost inconceivable. In one Indian camp, Clark tallied an estimated 10,000 pounds of dried salmon. The native peoples of area, approximately 50,000 strong, subsisted heavily on salmon and other fish, eating an average of 1-3 pounds of fish daily without diminishing salmon. Today, that piscine abundance is as much a part of past as Lewis and Clark themselves. Some Pacific Northwest populations of chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon have become so depleted that, in this decade, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) added them to federal Endangered Species List. The problem of dwindling fisheries persists in Pacific Northwest: In August, another salmon, steelhead trout, is likely to make roster.

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Performance in Humans Influenced by Maternal Consumption of Environmentally Contaminated Lake Ontario Fish

Behavioral effects in neonates of their mothers’ consumption of Lake Ontario fish were examined using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Newborns of women who had consumed > 40 equivalent pounds of fish were placed in a high-exposure group (n = 152), those of women who had consumed < 40 equivalent pounds of fish were placed in a low-exposure group (n = 243), and offspring of women who reported having never eaten Lake Ontario fish comprised the control group (n = 164). Assessments were given at 12–24 hours after birth, and again at 25–48 hours after birth. Despite relatively low levels of fish consumption, newborns in the high-exposure group scored more poorly than those in both the low-exposure and control groups on the Reflex, Autonomic, and Habituation clusters of the NBAS. No significant group differences were found on the Orientation, Range of State, Regulation of State, or Motor clusters of the NBAS, nor did birth weight or head circumference differ between groups. These results represent the first replication and extension of the neonatal results of the Lake Michigan Maternal Infant Cohort study (Jacobson et al. 1984).

What's for Dinner?

What's for Dinner?

Life History of Saugers in Garrison Reservoir

Data from Garrison Reservoir and the tailrace area in north-central North Dakota revealed that sauger (Stizostedion canadense) growth rates were better than those reported for other waters, with the exception of Fort Randall and Norris reservoirs. Garrison Reservoir saugers grew at a faster rate than those from the tailrace. Average calculated total lengths for saugers from Garrison Reservoir at annuli 1-6 were 4.9, 8.7, 12.3, 15.4, 18.4, and 23.1 inches, respectively, whereas those from the tail- race at annuli 1-8 were 4.7, 8.5, 11.3, 13.8, 16.2, 18.7, 20.6, and 25.6 inches, respectively. The average number of eggs per pound of fish was 27,498. Females were more abundant than males, particularly in older age groups. Some male and female saugers mature at 3 years of age. Generally, spawning activities in the Garrison Reservoir and the tailrace take place between the first of May and the end of June.

Errors Associated with a Systematic Sampling Creel Census

An analysis of errors associated with creel census estimates obtained by systematic sampling is presented. The sample census method makes use of instantaneous boat counts at regular intervals, and provides a sample of about 24 percent of the fishing hours. To evaluate the census method, samples representing two census patterns were extracted from complete creel census data from Many Point Lake, a 1,716-acre walleye lake. Sampling errors at the 95-percent level for a 142-day summer census were about ± 13 percent for estimated man-hours; ± 17 percent for estimated man-trips; ± 17 percent for numbers of fish by species; and ± 19 percent for pounds of fish by species. Methods for calculating creel census error are presented and discussed. The largest component of error was associated with estimates of boat-hours. Catch per boat-trip also showed considerable error. Computation of estimates and error was greatly facilitated by calculating from a season-long sample rather than by using summary calculations for shorter intervals. An even distribution of census days throughout the week appears preferable to separate consideration of weekdays and week-end days with greater census effort on the latter.

Increasing Size of Fingerling Channel Catfish by Supplemental Feeding

Many state conservation departments have been stocking fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), in farm ponds and lakes. As a result, this species has become a favorite sport fish in many waters of central and southern United States. Swingle (1958) indicated the feasibility of growing fingerling channel catfish to marketable size in fertilized and unfertilized ponds by supplemental feeding of dry pelleted feeds. Prather (1959) stocked a 12.4-acre lake with fingerling channel catfish at 2,000 per acre and fed pelleted feed. Fishermen harvested 1,295.5 pounds of fish per acre or 62 percent of the total production. An additional 391.2 pounds per acre was obtained when the lake was drained. Tiemeier and Elder (1960) reported on the recovery of stunted channel catfish with a supplemental feeding program and Tiemeier (1962 in press) discussed results of preliminary feeding experiments on fingerling channel catfish. The present paper compares results in 1960 and 1961 of feeding experiments. It has not been definitely established why some clear lakes in Kansas have not produced enough channel catfish by natural spawning to provide continued good fishing. Presumably few small fish escape their predators. Stocking fingerling channel catfish in clear lakes that contain some large channel catfish and populations of other fishes has not improved the channel catfish harvest because the fingerling fish did not survive.

Standing Crops of Fishes in Kentucky Farm Ponds

Estimates of standing crops of fishes in 22 Kentucky farm ponds were made during the summers of 1956, 1957, and 1958. The studies were essentially limited to ponds containing populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and/or green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Prior to treatment with rotenone, fish were captured by seining, fin-clipped, and returned to the pond. The total standing crops were calculated from the percentages of fin-clipped fish recovered following the total eradication of each fish population. Standing crops of fish in the 22 ponds ranged from 73 to 770, and averaged 385 pounds per acre. Nine ponds contained balanced, while 13 contained unbalanced fish populations. F/C ratios in the balanced populations ranged from 1.6 to 8.0, and averaged 4.6, while in the unbalanced populations they ranged from 4.1 to 37.7, and averaged 16.6. In the nine ponds containing balanced populations there was an average standing crop of 282 pounds of fish per acre, and 48 percent (130 pounds per acre) of that weight was composed of harvestable-sized fish. In the 13 ponds containing unbalanced fish populations there was an average standing crop of 456 pounds per acre, of which only 15 percent (70 pounds per acre) was composed of harvestable-sized fish. There was a relatively high positive correlation between the size of the standing crops and the total alkalinities in the ponds (r = 0.67). There was a positive correlation between the size of the standing crops and the amounts of potassium (r = 0.44) and phosphorus (r = 0.72) present in the soils of the watersheds.

Use of Rotenone in Restoring Balance to Overcrowded Fish Populations in Alabama Lakes

Abstract Overcrowded sunfish populations have occurred in 5 of Alabama's 18 State-owned public fishing lakes. They have resulted from a combination of factors, including presence of undesirable fish species, infestation with a branched alga, fish kills, loss of fish over the spillway, and heavy fishing. These overcrowded populations were usually balanced by three to seven marginal, or a combination of marginal and sectional, treatments with rotenone applied usually during September and October. The annual average catch by anglers was 193.4 pounds per acre during the years that the five lakes contained balanced fish populations, and 132.7 pounds per acre during the years that the lakes contained overcrowded forage fish populations. Although these lakes contained overcrowded forage fish populations for varying periods of time, an annual average of 156 fishermen per acre caught 174.5 pounds of fish during the 5 to 8 years that the lakes were open to continuous public fishing. This high sustained harvest was ...

Effect of the Ingestion of Triaenophorus Plerocercoids on the Nutritional Characteristics of Whitefish Fillets in the Rations of Puppies

To learn whether or not the ingestion of the cysts would affect the growth, the feed consumption, or the efficiency of feed utilization, 118 newly weaned puppies have been fed in 3- and 4-week trials on diets composed of meat or fish, with and without supplements of a meal mixture, to which in different tests Triaenophorus crassus plerocercoids were added in amounts up to 80 cysts per pound of fish. The levels of plerocercoids ranged from 0.39 to 66.0 per pup per day, equivalent to 1.56 to 264.0 cysts per day for an average man consuming 3000 dietary Calories in 24 hours. Although some tendency toward reduced feed efficiency for growth was observed at the maximum level of ingestion, due probably to a low energy value of the diet (which in this case consisted almost entirely of the cystic material), no statistically significant effect of the T. crassus additions to the basal diets could be detected in these studies. It is concluded that fish fillets contaminated with T. crassus have no detrimental effect on the growth of puppies and presumably the accidental ingestion of such fillets by man would be of no consequence nutritionally.

Test of 34 Therapeutic Agents for Control of Kidney Disease in Trout

Abstract Sixteen strains of fish kidney disease bacterium were tested in vitro to determine their reaction to 34 therapeutic agents. On the basis of the results obtained ten of the drugs were employed in experimental therapy of kidney disease in eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Erythromycin at the rate of 100 milligrams per kilogram of fish per day (4.5 grams per 100 pounds of fish) for 21 days gave the best results. Other drugs gave only temporary benefit if any.

Fish Populations of Backwater Lakes in Louisiana

Abstract Fish populations in seven backwater lakes were sampled by rotenone poisoning. On the average, 397 pounds of fish per acre comprising 103 pounds of game fish and 169 pounds of commercial fish were recovered from the lakes. Recoveries from individual lakes ranged from 142 to 651 pounds of fish per acre. Non-predaceous fish made up 56 percent of the total population. Bluegill sunfish, warmouth sunfish, gizzard shad, fresh-water drum, largemouth bass, black crappie and spotted gar were the principal fishes in the lakes. An average of 78 pounds of available game fish (harvestable-size game fish) per acre was recovered from the lakes. Fairly large concentrations of fish occurred in relatively small areas in some of the backwater lakes. A total of 974 pounds of fish, of which 475 pounds were game fish, was recovered from a single 1 acre sampling area. On the average, there were 1.9 pounds of non-predaceous fish per pound of predaceous fish. There were considerably less available forage fish (by weight) ...

Quantitative Creel Census on 12 Minnesota Lakes

A sampling technique is described for quantitative creel census on large lakes with numerous public access points. By use of contacts with anglers and boat counts over spaced intervals, one man, working a 5-day and 40-hour work week, can obtain an estimate of sport fishing pressure and harvest and of goodness of fishing on two lakes. A summary and comparison of census results from the 12 lakes totalling 15,136 acres is given along with discussion of reliability of census methods. During the fishing year 1954 (December 1, 1953 to November 30, 1954) mean fishing pressure on the lakes was 36.8 hours per acre; mean harvest was 30.7 fish and 17.8 pounds of fish per acre; and mean rate of catch for summer anglers 0.83 fish and 0.47 pound of fish per hour. Fishing harvest by summer angling, winter angling, and winter spearing are compared and trends in the catch and habits of fishermen for the three years 1952–54 are described. During the 3 years of census total fishing pressure and harvest on the lakes appear to have increased about 15 percent but goodness of fishing has remained nearly constant.

Some Factors Related to Success of Fish Populations in Iowa Farm Ponds

Abstract Minnow seines and larger bag seines were used to determine the reproductive success of fish in all (60) farm ponds known to have been stocked with fish in Marion County, Iowa. Additional data on lengths, weights, ages, and abundance of the fish were collected from many of the ponds. Ponds smaller than 0.5 acre were less successful than larger ponds. Fifteen of 26 ponds stocked with the bass-bluegill-bullhead combination were successful, and four of 18 ponds stocked with the bass-bluegill-bullhead combination were successful. The rates of stocking within the range of 300 to 1,000 bluegills per acre in combination with bass had little influence on success or failure of fish ponds. Pond management practices by the farm operator were generally limited to fencing for exclusion of livestock. The ponds were not heavily fished, and harvest did not exceed 65 pounds of fish per acre per year at the most heavily fished ponds. Clay turbidity probably delayed growth of bass. Aquatic vegetation was not importa...

Limnological Observations on Some Flint Hills Farm Ponds

The number of farm ponds in Kansas is increasing each year. These ponds serve primarily as a source of water for farm livestock, however, many such ponds also have potentials for sport fishing and other recreation. Consequently a research program on the biology of farm ponds was inaugurated in the summer of 1953. Primary aims were to determine the production in pounds of fish that might be expected from an acre of average Kansas impounded water; to test the suitability of various species and species combinations of fishes; and to study the growth and suitability of channel catfish to farm pond conditions. Limnological studies resulted from the primary interest in fish production. Surveys of 40 ponds within a 30-mile radius of Manhattan were made, 16 of which were chosen originally as potentially suitable for fish and for intensive limnological studies. The ponds varied from 6 to 20 feet deep when full, but none contained more than 14 feet of water during 1955. The three summer months of 1955 were unusual in the three counties where the ponds are located. Average mean temperature for June was 70.90 F. or 3.80 F. less than average, for July 84.40 F. or 4.20 F. above average and for August 80.60 F. or 2.10 F. above average. For the entire three months the mean temperature averaged only 0.90 F. above average. The average rainfall for the three summer months in this area is 12.3 inches. Four weather stations in the area where the ponds are located reported from 5.23 to 8.05 inches of rainfall during the summer months or 41 per cent to 66 per cent of average. Most of the data presented in this paper were obtained during this period of low rainfall and almost average temperature.

Benthic Productivity as Influenced by Fish Predation*

Sampling of benthic organisms was carried out in two similar, one‐acre ponds in southern Michigan throughout the open water period of 1951. The bottom fauna in each pond was sampled by means of 20 Ekman dredge collections each week. This sampling scheme was found capable of detecting a difference between two populations when the ratio of their magnitudes is 1.9.Fish were present in one of the ponds in the first half of the summer. These were then transferred from this pond to the second pond in early July. Rates of growth of the fish and the bottom organisms were estimated and the production calculated at both trophic levels. The apparent rate of change of bottom fauna biomass was assumed to reflect a basic rate of increase varying inversely with the biomass level, minus the rate of fish predation.Calculated production of 811 pounds of fish‐food and 181 pounds of fish are shown to be of reasonable order as compared with other studies, with the fish‐food probably underestimated. A factor not included in the calculations was the effect of emergence of aquatic insects.The average production of bottom fauna fish‐food during a growing season amounted to about 17 times the standing crop, when fish were present. In the absence of fish, the apparent production rate of fish food decreased and finally stopped at a higher level of standing crop. In the presence of fish, the standing crop of fish food was depressed and the rate of production increased.

Fluctuations in Production and Abundance of Commercial Species in the Red Lakes, Minnesota, with Special Reference to Changes in the Walleye Population

The Red Lakes in northwestern Minnesota comprise 275,000 acres of water which support a commercial fishery producing up to 1.5 million pounds of fish per year. Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill), and yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), are the principal species. Statistics for the past 37 years have been analyzed and fluctuations in the abundance of the important species calculated for the 24-year period, 1930–1953. The fishing is carried on exclusively with 3 1/2-inch-mesh (extension measure) gill nets by Chippewa Indians and the catch is marketed through a cooperative fishery enterprise. There have been wide fluctuations in the abundance of principal species but, although fishing effort has increased greatly during the past few years no trends have developed. Changes in walleye abundance have been shown to be independent of changes or levels of fishing effort, and to be determined by strength of individual year classes. Gear competition has no effect on abundance estimates. Strength of year classes is not correlated with size of brood stock, abundance of competing species, or amount of hatchery fish planted. Weather conditions cannot be correlated with observed changes in strength of year classes. Implications for management include provision of adequate prediction of abundance, and annual adjustment of fishing practices to make greatest use of the available stock. Gear limitations should be designed to secure harvest at optimum size of fish and to provide a suitable economic status for the fisherman.