Generation Potential Research Articles

Reconfigurable skyrmion logic gates and diodes in the same synthetic antiferromagnetic nanotrack based on potential well inducting effect

Abstract Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin configurations with topological protection properties, which have broad application potential in the next generation of spintronic devices. Here, we report on the current-driven dynamics of skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic nanotracks with voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy. This research reveals that, compared to a single skyrmion, when two skyrmions are createdsimultaneously, the inducting effect of the potential well generated by the voltage gateon the skyrmions is partially counteracted by the interaction between the skyrmions,resulting in a reduction in the critical current required for the skyrmions to pass thevoltage gate. Moreover, the critical current required for the forward moving skyrmions to depin from the voltage gate is significantly lower than that required for the reverse moving skyrmions. Based on the dynamic behavior of skyrmions, we have proposed and achieved the skyrmion logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR gates and the diodes on the same synthetic antiferromagnetic nanotrack by micromagnetic simulation, in which the logic NOT, NAND, and NOR gates are realized in a reconfigurable way. Our results are beneficial for the design and development of non-volatile spintronic devices with integrated multifunctionality and ultra-low energy consumption.

Bioenergy Production from Sorghum Distillers Grains via Dark Fermentation

Sorghum distillers grains (SDGs) produced from a sorghum liquor company were used for generating biohydrogen via dark fermentation at pH 4.5–6.5 and 55 °C with a batch test, and the biohydrogen electricity generation potential was evaluated. The experimental results show that pH markedly affects hydrogen concentration, hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY), in that high acidic pH values result in high values. The HPR and HY ranged from 0.76 to 3.2 L/L-d and 21.4 to 62.3 mL/g chemical oxygen demand, respectively. These hydrogen production values were used to evaluate bioelectricity generation using a newly developed gas/liquid-fuel engine. The results show a new and prospective biomass source for biohydrogen production, bioelectricity generation and simultaneously solving the problem of treating SDGs when producing kaoliang liquor. Applications of the experimental results are also discussed.

Numerical Study on the Potential Enhancement of Organic Terahertz Sources through Tilted Pulse Front Pumping

Organic crystals offer promising potential for THz generation, but face limitations in wavelength tunability and damage threshold. By applying tilted pulse‐front pumping to organic crystals an additional degree of freedom is introduced into the pumping conditions enabling a wider range of pumping wavelengths without compromising phase matching. Additionally, the lifespan of organic materials can be extended by using longer pumping wavelength and eliminate lower‐order multi‐photon absorption, allowing for higher pumping intensity without significant free‐carrier absorption, thus increasing the damage threshold. Simulations predict significant improvement for four out of six investigated crystals when tilted pulse‐front pumping is applied. By using volume phase holographic grating one can achieve pulse‐front tilt in organic crystals in collinear geometry with high diffraction efficiency. Design parameters are also presented.

A New Methodology for Estimating the Potential for Photovoltaic Electricity Generation on Urban Building Rooftops for Self-Consumption Applications

As the world increasingly embraces renewable energy as a sustainable power source, accurately assessing of solar energy potential becomes paramount. Photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially those integrated into urban rooftops, offer a promising solution to address the challenges posed by aging energy grids and rising fossil fuel prices. However, optimizing the placement of PV panels on rooftops remains a complex task due to factors like building shape, location, and the surrounding environment. This study introduces the Roof-Solar-Max methodology, which aims to maximize the placement of PV panels on urban rooftops while avoiding shading and panel overlap. Leveraging geographic information systems technology and 3D models, this methodology provides precise estimates of PV generation potential. Key contributions of this research include a roof categorization model, identification of PV-ready rooftops, optimal spatial distribution of PV panels, and innovative evaluation technology. Practical implementation in a real urban setting demonstrates the methodology’s utility for decision making in the planning and development of solar energy systems in urban areas. The main findings highlight substantial potential for PV energy generation in the studied urban area, with capacities reaching up to 444.44 kW. Furthermore, implementing PV systems on residential rooftops has proven to be an effective strategy for reducing CO2 emissions and addressing climate change, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy mix in urban environments.

Control of arsenic methylation in paddy soils by iron nanoparticles

Rice, as the most essential food grain, is frequently exposed to high concentrations of arsenic. Among the arsenic species, dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)) is preferentially translocated from paddy soils to rice grains, posing serious threats to food safety and yield. Herein, we report an efficient strategy for DMAs(V) mitigation in paddy soils with nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI). Species and concentrations of arsenic in paddy porewater were monitored during a 28-d soil-water incubation. Effects of nZVI dose towards microbial sulfate reduction and methane generation potential in paddy soils, which are crucial for arsenic methylation and demethylation, were analyzed via metagenomic sequencing. Results demonstrated that the maximal DMAs(V) concentration in paddy porewater decreased from 0.37 to 0.04 μM in arsenic-contaminated paddy soils with nZVI dose increasing from 0 to 5.0 g/kg. Accordingly, the maximal concentration of inorganic arsenite (iAs(III)), which is the precursor of DMAs(V), decreased from 1.39 to 0.23 μM. Furthermore, the application of nZVI reshaped the structure of microbial community in paddy soils. Specifically, the relative abundance of δ-proteobacteria involved in sulfate reduction, which is crucial for iAs(III) methylation, waned from 7.62 % to 3.17 %, while that of Methanomicrobia for DMAs(V) demethylation and methanogenesis proliferated from 7.03 % to 13.62 %, with nZVI dose increasing from 0 to 5.0 g/kg. Via simultaneous inhibition of DMAs(V) formation and acceleration of DMAs(V) transformation, nZVI efficiently controls the accumulation of DMAs(V) in paddy porewater. In conclusion, these findings prove the efficient performance for DMAs(V) mitigation with nZVI and uncover its underlying mechanisms.

Risk Assessment of Bridge Damage Due to Heavy Rainfall Considering Landslide Risk and Driftwood Generation Potential Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Conventional Machine Learning

This study addresses the assessment of bridge damage risks associated with heavy rainfall, focusing on landslide susceptibility and driftwood generation potential. By integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with traditional machine learning methods, the research develops an advanced predictive framework for estimating driftwood accumulation at river bridges—a recognized challenge in disaster management. Concentrating on the Tokachi River basin in Hokkaido, Japan, the research utilizes diverse environmental and geographical data from authoritative sources. The findings demonstrate that the innovative approach not only enhances the accuracy of driftwood volume predictions but also distinguishes the effectiveness of CNNs compared to conventional methods. Crucially, areas prone to landslides are identified as significant contributors to driftwood generation, impacting bridge safety. The study underscores the potential of machine learning models in improving disaster risk assessment, while suggesting further exploration into real-time data integration and model refinement to adapt to changing climate conditions and ensure long-term infrastructure safety.

A tri-level model for optimal management of active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets

The deregulation of distribution systems enable local energy trading under the umbrella of local market strategies, which are launched and cleared by local entities like distribution system operators. The emergence of active players connected to distribution networks such as microgrids path the way to two-layer market structures, within which different local markets must coexist and coordinate. This new paradigm advocates for developing new management and market models suitable for multi-level local markets. This paper focuses on this issue. In particular, a new management model for active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets is developed, which casts as an original tri-level optimization approach. This paper applies the developed methodology to the case in which different microgrids connected to a distribution market launch local markets for energy trading within the microgrid, but it could be applied to similar frameworks such as energy communities or virtual power plants. The new approach stablishes a game-oriented market coordination which preserves the hierarchical feature of the coordinated market strategy. A case study on a 33-bus radial distribution network serves to validate the model and illustrates how active players such as distributed generators and flexible demands perform under local market rules. A number of scenarios are studied under different distributed generation and microgrid penetration, showing that incrementing the number of both leads to improve the economy of the distribution system operator and microgrids. Finally, a sensitivity analysis regarding the renewable generation potential is studied.

Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building

In Saudi Arabia, where the majority of regions receive a minimum incident shortwave solar energy exceeding 4 kWh/(m2.year), there is a high potential for electricity generation and simultaneously, a challenge in building cooling. In this study, by adding photovoltaic (PV) on the roof and wall, as well as using phase change material (PCM) inside the walls, electricity production and energy consumption of Saudi residential buildings were investigated. Taking into account the effects of radiation on vertical and horizontal envelopes as well as phase change in PCM, the energy equation was solved using DesignBuilder to specify hourly energy consumption and electricity generation. When installing PV cells at the optimal tilt, incoming radiation to the cells increases. However, creating shadows on subsequent rows of cells diminishes the effective PV surface area. Surprisingly, calculations revealed that if PV cells are installed at zero angle, owing to installing more PV cells, up to 31% extra electricity is produced than when installed at the optimal tilt. As a side effect, the cooling load decreases by 5.1% due to reduced radiation intensity on the roof. The orientation of the walls significantly impacts both phase change material (PCM) and PV-associated electricity generation. Placing PCM on the east wall optimizes its performance, while walls containing PV panels perform best when facing south. To further enhance cooling and reduce electricity demand, phase change material was incorporated into both the roof and wall, resulting in a 2% reduction in overall electricity demand. Notably, in eight major populated areas across Saudi Arabia, under the constraint of the constant PV cell area, installing PV cells on the roof proves three times more advantageous than placing them on the walls.

Mass organic matter accumulation induced by rapid redox variations in lakes: Evidence from the Miaoxi area, Bohai Bay Basin, China

The Member 4 of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es4) in the Bohai Bay Basin is interspersed with a set of high-quality source rocks typified as intercalation of red and black mudstones. A large amount of petroleum (crude oil) originates from these source rocks. The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event occurred during the deposition of Es4 in the Bohai Bay Basin, and the organic matter enrichment model under this event is worth further investigation due to its relationship with and influence on petroleum accumulations. Well LK25-A, as the first oil exploration well drilled into the Es4 in Miaoxi area, serves as a valuable case to study organic matter accumulation. In this study, we integrate total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, microscopic observation, vitrinite reflectance (VRo), elemental analysis, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potential, organic matter types, thermal maturity, and sedimentary environment of the Es4 in Miaoxi area. The analysis of maceral and rock pyrolysis data reveals that Type I and Type II organic matter make up the majority of Paleogene mudstones in this region. The TOC and rock pyrolysis data show that mudstones in this area have high organic matter abundance and oil-generation potential. The measured vitrinite reflectance distribution of mudstone samples, which ranges from 0.3% to 0.74%, demonstrates that the Paleogene strata are at the immature to mature stage, and the samples from this area contain a sizable amount of bituminite and mineral-bituminous groundmass. The analysis of biomarkers in the mudstone samples indicates that most of the mudstones in this area are in lacustrine and brackish-hypersaline lacustrine environment under a reducing condition, and some of the red mudstones in the Es4 are formed under a suboxic condition. Based on the size and morphology of the pyrite framboid, the redox conditions of the water mass during deposition or diagenesis are further analyzed. The ratio of the size of framboid pyrite (D) to the size of its micrograins (d) suggests that the Es4 black mudstone developed in an anoxic sulfuretted water environment. Both the inorganic and organic geochemical indexes show that the Paleogene paleoclimate has a great influence on the source rocks of Es4 in this area. The distribution of red–black strata in the area is the result of the combined action of the water redox state and the climatic variation during the PETM event. The development models of organic-rich source rocks from the Es3 and Es4 in this area have been created in light of potential connections between rapid redox variation and the PETM event during the Paleogene. These models may offer a theoretical guidance for petroleum exploration in Miaoxi area of Bohai Bay Basin and other contemporaneous continental basins around the world.

Restoration of hydrocarbon generation potential of the highly mature Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the Tarim Basin

Restoration of hydrocarbon generation potential of the highly mature Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the Tarim Basin

Energy, environmental and economic performance of bi-facial photovoltaic noise barrier applied in city scale

Solar energy in transportation reduces fossil fuel consumption and supports carbon neutrality. Photovoltaic noise barriers (PVNB) are used globally to harness renewable energy along roads. This study's novelty lies in the detailed consideration of road orientation and the application of bifacial photovoltaic technology when assessing the potential for large-scale deployment of PVNB. Bifacial PV technology captures solar radiation from both sides, enhancing energy efficiency. A mathematical model was established and validated to predict PVNB power output at 5° azimuth intervals. Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to quantify trunk roads, motorways, and RNB in Shenzhen, China. Accordingly, the electricity generation potentials of PVNB, as well as the economic and environmental benefits were calculated. The installed capacity and power generation of PVNB in Shenzhen are 432.29 MW and 313.37 GWh, respectively. The levelized cost of electricity is 0.4781 CNY/kWh. Compared to a 600 MW coal-fired unit, 9119.09 tce of fossil fuel can be saved, with lifecycle carbon reduction of 3.80 Tg and net carbon reduction of 3.05 Tg.

Hydrogen Production and Li-Ion Battery Performance with MoS2-SiNWs-SWNTs@ZnONPs Nanocomposites.

This study explores the hydrogen generation potential via water-splitting reactions under UV-vis radiation by using a synergistic assembly of ZnO nanoparticles integrated with MoS2, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) to create the MoS2-SiNWs-SWNTs@ZnONPs nanocomposites. A comparative analysis of MoS2 synthesized through chemical and physical exfoliation methods revealed that the chemically exfoliated MoS2 exhibited superior performance, thereby being selected for all subsequent measurements. The nanostructured materials demonstrated exceptional surface characteristics, with specific surface areas exceeding 300 m2 g-1. Notably, the hydrogen production rate achieved by a composite comprising 5% MoS2, 1.7% SiNWs, and 13.3% SWNTs at an 80% ZnONPs base was approximately 3909 µmol h-1g-1 under 500 nm wavelength radiation, marking a significant improvement of over 40-fold relative to pristine ZnONPs. This enhancement underscores the remarkable photocatalytic efficiency of the composites, maintaining high hydrogen production rates above 1500 µmol h-1g-1 even under radiation wavelengths exceeding 600 nm. Furthermore, the potential of these composites for energy storage and conversion applications, specifically within rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, was investigated. Composites, similar to those utilized for hydrogen production but excluding ZnONPs to address its limited theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity, were developed. The focus was on utilizing MoS2, SiNWs, and SWNTs as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. This strategic combination significantly improved the electronic conductivity and mechanical stability of the composite. Specifically, the composite with 56% MoS2, 24% SiNWs, and 20% SWNTs offered remarkable cyclic performance with high specific capacity values, achieving a complete stability of 1000 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1. These results illuminate the dual utility of the composites, not only as innovative catalysts for hydrogen production but also as advanced materials for energy storage technologies, showcasing their potential in contributing to sustainable energy solutions.

Investing in the care services sectors for employment generation and gender-inclusive growth: the case of Turkey

Abstract The care crisis intersects with economic, social, and refugee crises, necessitating focused attention to bolster care infrastructure and address the multifaceted challenges. Women bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, exacerbating gender inequalities in labor markets and education. This paper applies the International Labour Organization–UN Women (2021) policy tool to Turkish data, estimating coverage gaps in education and healthcare, associated costs, and employment generation potential in the care sectors and related sectors. We identify a coverage gap in education affecting 5.8 million children. The required investment to address this gap is estimated at 2.28 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). In all, 303,000 healthcare workers are needed, requiring an investment of 1.23 percent of GDP. These investments have the potential to generate 1.740 million direct and 152,000 indirect jobs. This would result in a substantial 6.7 percent increase in total employment. Considering the current gender composition, women are expected to fill 65 percent of these jobs, leading to a 14 percent improvement in female employment. Incorporating 3.7 million Syrian refugees, Turkey’s investment cost rises to 3.74 percent of GDP, creating 1.878 million new direct jobs – an 8 percent boost over the non-inclusive scenario. Prioritizing public investments in care services promises to promote gender equality, human development, and inclusive economic growth.

Analysis of the potential for photovoltaic energy generation

ABSTRACT According to data from EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) companies, the difference between the installed power in kWp and the power at the DC input of the inverter is in the order of −10% to −30% in photovoltaic installations at the same latitude and longitude as the one studied in this paper. The losses decrease in the case of installations with fixed structures on the ground that facilitates heat dissipation during the generation of energy. For the 400kWp experimental unit, the difference between the installed power and the power injected into the grid was approximately −12% (real data) and the total simulated losses were −9.6%, of which −5.1% corresponded to PV loss due to temperature. Mitigating losses caused by an increase in module temperature depends on systems that generally need to be energized in order to function, which is economically unfeasible. A low-cost solution resides in the use of green ground cover and taller structures. A comparison was made with the electric current and power of the photovoltaic system, and it was concluded that there is a possibility that dirt is interfering with mismatch losses.

Assessment of wind energy potential along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast

BackgroundCurrently, there is no wind park operating along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast. Therefore, this study aims to find suitable locations for such projects. Wind data from five coastal meteorological stations were used. These are Marsa Matruh (MM), Ras El-Tin (RE), Abu Qir (AQ), Port Said (PS), and Arish (Ar), in that order from west to east. The wind regime dataset, comprising velocity and direction measurements at a 10-m elevation, was collected from January 2007 to December 2022 (16 years), with a complete record of all data points. The Weibull distribution function, along with its different parameters, was used to characterize wind energy along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), and relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) for the Weibull parameters, along with the relative percentage errors (RPE) for the wind power density were calculated to assess the concordance between outcomes derived from observed data and those predicted by the Weibull function.ResultsResults revealed that the dominant wind direction along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast was the NNW to N wind, except at Ar where the dominant wind was S. The wind velocity range of 4–6 m/s dominated RE, AQ, and PS. At MM and Ar, this was reduced to 2–4 m/s. The analysis of wind power density outlined significant insights into the potential for wind energy generation in the region. The overall analysis showed that AQ and PS were potentially the most suitable locations for wind energy projects. However, the high variability at the AQ site required robust system designs to manage the fluctuating wind conditions. PS might be more suitable for projects prioritizing stability and consistency over maximum energy output. Although Arish, characterized by its lower wind power density, may be less conducive for large-scale wind energy projects, it could still be viable for smaller installations or when integrated with other renewable energy sources.ConclusionsThe different statistical indices reflected good model fitting, displaying the reliability of the Weibull distribution as a tool for preliminary wind resource assessment along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast and facilitating accurate predictions of wind power availability.

Data-driven mechanical behavior modeling of granular biomass materials

Significant equipment downtime, mainly caused by the variable attributes and complex mechanical behavior of granular biomass materials, has challenged the great potential of biofuel generation. Expensive and time-consuming lab experiments are not affordable in fully characterizing material behavior for samples with all possible attributes. In this paper, we present data-driven modeling of the cyclic axial compression and ring-shear stress–strain behavior for granular biomass materials with different moisture contents and mean particle sizes. Laboratory characterization data of milled pine samples, with a mean particle size of 2, 4, and 6 mm and a moisture content of 0%, 20%, and 40%, were employed to train two machine learning (ML) models independently. The sequential model takes a sequence of loading history into Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and predicts the next step of strain/stress with a feed-forward neural network. In contrast, the incremental model takes only the current state to predict the stiffness/compliance coefficient and compute the stress/strain increment. Both models account for material variations in particle sizes and moisture content. After training, both models demonstrate their high efficiency and accuracy in predicting the mechanical behavior of samples with a diverse set of unseen material properties, augmenting the existing laboratory data set. They also effectively capture the underlying physics, which involves increased compressibility as moisture content rises and a linear relationship between applied compression and shear strength. This effort established the foundation for comprehensive data-driven constitutive modeling tailored for unconventional granular materials.

Organic petrology and geochemistry of the late Neogene Shizigou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, China: Characteristics of a prospective microbial gas source rock

The discovery of natural gas trapped in the late Neogene Shizigou Formation in the Yikeyawuru anticline indicates the potential for additional microbial gas reservoirs outside of the primary exploration targets for microbial gas in the younger, i.e., the Pleistocene sediments of the Qaidam Basin. In this study, a detailed investigation is presented on the bulk geochemistry and organic petrography of the potential microbial source rocks as well as on molecular organic geochemistry of the solvent extracts obtained from the late Neogene Shizigou Formation of the Yiliping Depression. The objectives are to elucidate i) the depositional environment, ii) biological sources of organic matter (OM), and iii) biodegradation levels in these microbial gas source rocks.The samples from the well situated at the center of the Yiliping Depression (the H 1 well) exhibit minor variations in total organic carbon (TOC) and total sulfur contents, whereas the samples from the well located at the margin of the depression (the Y 3 well) show large variations in these values. All these samples are presently thermally immature. The kerogen of the TOC-rich Y 3 well samples is mainly composed of mixed types II–III kerogen and characterized by a complex maceral composition (i.e., a mixture of large fragments of huminite, semifusinite, fusinite, resinite/fluorinite, lamalginite, and liptodetrinite). In contrast, samples from the H 1 well contain typically type III kerogen with a less complex maceral composition consisting of huminite, lamalginite, and liptodetrinite. The molecular data illustrates that the OM is predominantly derived from bacterial and algal biomass as well as aquatic higher plants (primarily in the Y 3 well samples), while angiosperms are the primary source of the subordinate terrestrial OM in the samples. The marginal area is characterized by salinity levels akin to normal marine conditions with bottom-water paleoredox conditions ranging from dyoxic (samples with high TOC content) to oxic, whereas the central area developed a mesosaline environment with oxic bottom-water conditions prevailing. In contrast to the primary microbial gas producing layer, the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation, the late Neogene Shizigou Formation exhibits a higher contribution of emergent macrophytes but a reduced abundance of lower aquatic organisms in the OM as well as a higher salinity level in the water column. Despite the late Neogene Shizigou Formation demonstrating a lower potential for hydrocarbon generation and a lower degree of biodegradation of OM than the Qigequan Formation, it still shows generally favorable geological and geochemical conditions that are conducive to the development of microbial gas reservoirs, which is underscored by the biodegradation levels between 3 and 4 for the studied samples.

Isorhamnetin Ameliorates Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage via Targeting FOSL1 to Activate AKT/mTOR in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y Cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta, which may result from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin (Iso) has important anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects, this study investigated the effects of Iso on PD in vitro and its underlying mechanisms using a model of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage. The results showed that Iso significantly ameliorated 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, including decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis and senescence, and oxidative stress injury. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β) Staining, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence suggested that Iso significantly decreased the number of SA-β+ cells and the levels of senescence-associated proteins p21 and p16, and enhanced tyrosinehydroxylase level. Iso markedly reduced number of apoptotic cells and the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, as detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry and WB. The results of DCFH-DA, JC-1 staining, and the measurement of MDA and SOD content indicated that Iso elevated ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential, lowered MDA content and raised SOD level in the 6-OHDA group. In-depth investigation revealed that Iso activated the AKT/mTOR signal via reducing the expression level of Fos-like antigen (FOSL1), which further exerted the protective effect in SH-SY5Y cells. Overexpression of FOSL1 attenuated the effect of Iso by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, Iso protects against senescence, apoptotic, and oxidative stress injury by targeting FOSL1 to activate the AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells, which may provide new insights for PD treatment.

Unlocking Gen-Z employee potential: the role of strategic leadership and organizational culture

This study aims to examine the role of strategic leadership and organizational culture in optimizing the potential of Generation Z (Gen-Z) employees in the modern work environment. Gen-Z has unique characteristics, such as high adaptability to technology and a strong desire to achieve work-life balance, which requires a more inclusive and dynamic leadership approach and organizational culture. Through a quantitative approach, this study uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to analyze the relationship between strategic leadership and organizational culture on the performance of Gen-Z employees. Data were obtained from a survey of 96 Gen-Z employees working in various industrial sectors. The results of the study indicate that strategic leadership involving open communication, innovation, and long-term vision does not have a positive and significant effect on Gen-Z motivation and performance. In addition, an organizational culture that supports collaboration, flexibility, and personal development has also been shown to play an important role in improving their performance. This study underlines the importance of the role of strategic leaders in creating an organizational culture that is aligned with the expectations and values ​​of Generation Z, so that they can optimize their potential to the fullest. The practical implications of this study provide guidance for managers and organizational policy makers to design effective leadership strategies in the era of a multigenerational workforce.

The Need for Solar Power Energy Utilization in the Northern Part of Nigeria for Sustainability and Economic Growth (A case study of Nigeria)

Northern Nigeria is one of the most recognizable areas, having vast amounts of solar radiation and rapidly growing populations. Thus, there is an opportunistic aspect of the use of solar power in this region. Since this region enjoys all-year sunshine, it is one of the best places for the integration of solar energy. With huge problems of energy she presently faces such as irregular supply of electricity, people's growth and thus demand, solar power presents an immediate usable, reliable, and sustainable solution. The energy demand in northern Nigeria is expected to sharply increase from about 48 billion kWh in 2024 to 64.5 billion kWh by 2034. This escalated energy requirement directly puts a demand for an efficient and sustainable source of energy, and as such, the promise of steady and renewable energy supply through solar power makes it very appealing. The average regional solar radiation exceeds 6 kWh/m2 per day, which points towards a very vast potential for solar energy generation. But to meet the energy requirements that will arise in the future from solar, it would call for a tremendous investment in infrastructure. This is because it is estimated that approximately 246,000 km2 of solar panels might be needed by 2034 in order to be able to cover the energy needs of the country. However, this massive area is required, but the benefits of solar energy do not stop there at solving shortages of energy. Solar power would increase economic activities due to job creation, stimulation of local industries, and the end reliance on fossil fuels. It has implications on environmental sustainability as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and promotes cleaner practices of energy consumption. Northern Nigeria will unlock a stable and reliable source of power through investment in this infrastructure. This is important for economic development, thereby eventually improving the quality of life. Indeed, the integration of solar power addresses the immediate needs of satisfying energy challenges but builds a foundation for sustainable growth and environmental stewardship over the long term. Solar power in northern Nigeria is important for ensuring future demands for energy and significant economic development while emphasizing sustainability within the environment. A lot still has to be tapped into by tapping into the solar resources that are available. Key words: Solar Energy,Sustainability,Economic Growth,Energy Demand,Renewable Resources