Potential Of Forest Resources Research Articles

Comparative assessment of woody species diversity, structure and carbon stock of PFM and Non-PFM forests and its implication for REDD+ in Ethiopia

Maintaining forest biodiversity and carbon sequestration potential of forest resources enhances the provision capacity of forest ecosystem services. Experience from around the world and in Ethiopia has shown that shifting forest management from state-centred to community-centred arrangement can result in a better forest stock. Therefore, this study examined the status of woody species diversity, regeneration and total living biomass carbon stock of forests under participatory forest management (PFM) and the adjacent state managed non-participatory forest management (Non-PFM) in South eastern Ethiopia and implications to REDD+. Data were collected from 89 (44 PFM and 45 Non-PFM) nested circular plots from four PFM and three Non-PFM selected forest sites with transects laid systematically. Tree DBH and height were measured, the number of saplings, seedlings, mature trees were counted and species names were recorded. Woody species diversity was estimated using shannon, simpson, and evenness diversity indices. A total of 29 and 23 woody species were recorded in PFM and Non-PFM forests, respectively. Woody species diversity did not show significant difference between PFM and Non-PFM forests but it was relatively higher in PFM forest. The density per hectare of seedlings, sapling and mature trees were significantly greater in PFM forest than in Non-PFM forest. The mean aboveground biomass carbon stock of PFM forest (225.50±26.54) was significantly greater than that of the Non-PFM (156.24±15.72) forest. Hence, managing forests through participatory approaches contributes to the enhancement of sustainable management and climate change mitigation potentials through reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation.

Forestry in the Congo Basin Countries and Measures to Improve its Efficiency

The article offers insight into the main stages of the formation of forestry into an independent branch of the economy in African countries, the forest areas of which constitute a common ecosystem, one of the largest in the world. The features of the system of relations between the main subjects of economic activity in the forest sector, that developed during the colonial period, and its subsequent evolution after the transition to the planned formation of the forest management sphere are characterized. The results of the implementation of forest management plans in concessions are analyzed, it being the necessary condition for the logging companies which aim to obtain an official confirmation of compliance of their activities with international standards subject to local conditions and provisions of national laws. One of the generally accepted, by the African countries as well, and authoritative evidence of responsible logging, which at the same time confirms the legality of the origin of the wood offered to the buyer, is a certificate issued by the international commercial organization Forest Steward Council (FSC). The introduction of a certification system is seen as an incentive to promote sustainable forest management and sustainable forest management in timber supplying countries to foreign markets. However, there are examples of unscrupulous companies continuing to harvest wood on the principle of “forest mining”, while resorting to illegal cutting of trees outside the concessions. This negatively affects the competitiveness of companies that strive to maintain a reputation as a supplier of legally harvested and environmentally friendly wood. They are forced to reduce the scope of their activities in the region. The article also notes the gradual reorientation of timber supplies from the countries of the region to the Asian markets, which is characteristic of recent years, where demand for this product is growing, regardless of the sources of its origin. At the same time, its purchases by its traditional buyers, European countries, were declining. Nevertheless, Asian companies, primarily from China and Vietnam, are beginning to show an increasing interest in purchases of certified wood, hoping at the same time to expand export supplies of finished products to countries with strict bans on the import of wood (and wood products) harvested illegally. Gabon’s experience in using the resource potential of forests to create the basic foundations of its own timber industry was also noted.

Regional forest management in the Volga Federal District: trends and prospects

In the 21st century, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of forest resources. Every year the role of forests as the ecosystem is growing due to the settlement of the technogenic impact of domestic industry on the environment. Today, in regions where the forest is the raw material base of the forestry complex, a place of employment of the local population and a source of replenishment of the budget at various levels, it is important to conduct a comprehensive analysis of forest management in Russia and develop a strategy for socio-economic development of the use of forest resource potential to improve the well-being of the local population and ensure the ecological and economic balance of the territory on this basis. The article reveals the trends of regional nature management on the example of the Volga Federal District. It is shown that especially negative trends are manifested in the fight against forest damage and fires, protection of forests from pests and diseases, preservation of forest biodiversity, their social and ecosystem functions. The issues of changing the structure of reforestation and the resulting problems of forest management are disclosed. Measures are proposed for the effective implementation of an intensive model of forestry management

Total Phenolic and Starch Content of Arrowroot Tuber in The Agroforestry System

Indonesia's tropical forest management faces several challenges owing to the growing demand for forest resources and increasing population. The forestry sector plays a significant role in supporting food security programs by harnessing the potential of forest resources. One solution to sustainable forest management and optimal forest land use is agroforestry techniques. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is tolerant to heavy shade and is a promising functional food crop that can contribute to food security programs. Starch content in arrowroot tuber plays an important role in meeting nutritional requirements and overcoming several health problems. Arrowroot tubers also contain phenolic compounds, the largest group of compounds that act as natural antioxidants in plants. This study aimed to analyze the total phenolic and starch contents of arrowroot tubers cultivated in agroforestry systems. We used a Randomized Complete Block Design with a planting pattern as treatment for the species combinations of Falcataria moluccana + arrowroot (FA), F. moluccana + arrowroot + Amomum cardamomum (FAC), and monoculture arrowroot (MA) with three blocks/replications. The arrowroot tubers were harvested from nine-month-old plants and composite samples representing each treatment were analyzed for total phenolic and starch contents. The total phenolic content in the arrowroot tubers was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Starch content was measured using the Modified Somogyi method, which involves preparing reagents, followed by hydrolysis and the reducing sugar determination methods. The results revealed that the planting pattern significantly affected starch content. The highest starch content was observed in the MA pattern of 23.99%, followed by the FAC and FA planting patterns of 22.75% and 18.44%, respectively. The planting pattern did not significantly affect phenolic content. The MA, FAC, and FA patterns yielded the highest to lowest phenolic contents of 218.02, 212.62, and 210.04 µg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the planting pattern significantly affected the total phenolic of tuber yield per plant, with the highest value of 214.48 mg yielded by MA pattern. Thus, agroforestry practices can maintain the phenolic and starch content of arrowroot tubers. The development of arrowroot in agroforestry system will be prospective not only for meeting food demand, but also for supporting forestry multi-business and social forestry programs to achieve sustainable forest management.

STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI PADA DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WAIBURA DESA KOBASOMA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG LEWOTOBI ILEMUDA RTK. 106 KECAMATAN TITEHENA, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR

The forest area in Titehena Sub-district that is highly protected is the Ilemuda Protected Forest.Ilemuda Protected Forest is one of the protected forest areas that has a high potential of forestresources that need to be preserved. However, currently there are development activities thathave converted most of the forest area into agricultural land and plantations, thus affecting thediversity of vegetation types. This study aims to determine the diversity of vegetation types andregeneration status in the Waibura catchment area of Kobasoma Village, Lewotobi Ilemudaprotected forest area RTK. 106 Titehena sub-district, East Flores Regency. The vegetation typesof the Waibura catchment area of the Ilemuda Protected Forest area found 49 types ofvegetation. At the tree level, the dominating vegetation type is walnut with an INP value of22.36%, the dominating vegetation pole level is Tilo with an INP of 22.13%, the dominatingvegetation stake level is Tilo with an INP of 17.00%, the dominating vegetation seedling level isIpek with is 15.93%.The highest level of species diversity (H') at the tree level is 3.56%,followed by the pole level 3.45%, then the stake level 3.37%, and the lowest is obtained at theseedling level 3.32%. The regeneration status of vegetation in the Waibura spring catchmentarea of the Ilemuda protected forest varies. The Gari, Kajobunga, Tap, Kubak and Olakvegetation types have a "good" regeneration status. Perek vegetation type is in "fair"regeneration status. Baka, Bilo, Boja, Danga, Darat, Eheng, Foang, Halabait, Ipek, Kajuk,Kayorie, Kebahi, Kebo, Kenuna, Kukung, Kung, Lamatoro, Lekar, Maku, Nahak, Sureng, Pahi,Pao, Tebuk, Tilo, and Wu'a vegetation types are categorized as "poor" regeneration status. Thevegetation types Cocoa, Caladium, Coffee, Kue, Paku, Ti'e, Tobi and Waher are included in theregeneration status of "new". The vegetation types Bamboo thorn, Bao, Bidara, Kapo, Walnut,Nuting, Palawan tree, and Tapo are included in the regeneration status of none.

State of protective forest plantations in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

This paper analyzes approaches of scholars to the interpretation of the essence of protective forest plantations (PFP) and provides the most appropriate definition. The most significant functions of PFP are analyzed, and their peculiarities in certain regions of Ukraine are highlighted. PFP play an important role in preserving the stability of landscapes, including agricultural ecosystems. They are important for soil improvement and perform significant ecological functions, contributing to the creation and improvement of microclimate in agro-landscapes: reducing wind speed and intensity of wind erosion in the summer, preventing the blowing of the upper, most fertile layer of soil; snow retention and reducing surface runoff, including both snowmelt and rainwater, which helps to preserve soil moisture and prevent water erosion. Existing protective forest plantations in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are mainly formed from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), common oak (Quercus robur L.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), Canadian poplar (Populus canadensis Moench.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). It is concluded that the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine is characterized by a rapid loss of protective forest plantations due to fires and military actions. During 11 months of the war with Russia, 425 cases of forest fires were recorded in PFP on a total area of 754 ha in the occupied Zaporizhia region and 287 ha in the Kherson region. This is three times more than during the same period in 2021, and the average area of one fire has increased by 16 times. Fires in the Forest-Steppe are characterized by the concept of temporary sterilization of the soil, during dry burning, as a result of which the death of worms, insects and microorganisms occurs in these areas. In the post-war period, the development of the forest industry requires scientific support for the implementation of the state policy on sustainable forest management, increasing the forest resource potential, as well as the forest cover of Ukraine to an optimal level, improving the efficiency of forest production through the application of modern scientifically-based methods for forest restoration and cultivation and rational use of forest resources, protecting forests from fires, illegal logging, pests, and diseases.

Analysis of promising methods for felling for forest care by multi-operation systems of machines

One of the leading places in the complex of measures to increase the productivity of forests and the rational use of wood resources is occupied by thinning for forest care. Timely and justified thinning for forest maintenance allows not only increasing the productivity and sustainability of forests, increasing the size of forest use, but also creating prerequisites for the effective implementation of environmental protection and climate control functions by forests. Growing highly productive stands of optimal composition requires regular forest maintenance. In the Republic of Belarus, forest thinning is carried out by various multi-operational systems of machines and methods, each of which has its own characteristics and efficiency depending on the conditions of their operation. This article analyzes the effectiveness of thinning for forest care in the conditions of forestry institutions of the Republic of Belarus using multi-operational systems of machines. The most important goals for the development of the country's forestry are noted, among which are the provision of the formation of highly productive and sustainable forests, as well as increasing the resource potential of forests to meet the needs of the environment and society.

Інституціональне середовище формування механізмів еколого-економічного забезпечення введення об’єктів лісової рекреаційної інфраструктури

It is found that a necessary condition for preventing the manifestations of excessive recreational load on forest biogeocenoses is the formation of an institutional environment for the development of mechanisms for the ecological and economic support of the introduction of forest recreational infrastructure. It is substantiated that the institutional environment of recreational forest use is a complex of institutions-regulations and institutions-organizations that ensure the economic development of the recreational potential of forests and its further commercialization through various forms of market commodity-money relations. It is identified that the complex of modern institutions-regulations of recreational forest use should be aimed at forming in forest users such worldview orientations that will provide for more efficient use of forest ecosystem services instead of priority development of the most liquid wood component of the forest fund. It is proved that an important component of the institutional environment for the functioning of forest recreational infrastructure is the formation of a set of institutions-organizations that will provide assistance in promoting recreational forestry products to the market of recreational services, in particular, provide consulting services on the specification of forestry activities related to the organization of tourism and recreational activities in the territory of forest biogeocenoses. It i determined that the mechanisms of ecological and economic support for the introduction of forest recreational infrastructure facilities are the following: mechanism for ecological and forestry regulation of recreational load on forest biogeocenoses; mechanism for financial and economic support for the development of forest recreational infrastructure; mechanism for economic stimulation of recreational development of the resource potential of forests. It is substantiated that the specification of mechanisms for environmental and economic support for the introduction of recreational infrastructure facilities should be focused on maximizing the integrated efficiency of recreational forest use, taking into account the requirements of deepening decentralization of power and martial law.

Відтворення основного капіталу лісового господарства в умовах цифровізації, євроінтеграції та децентралізації: еколого-економічні аспекти

It is substantiated that the main capital of forestry economy includes the technical-technological, production-economic and natural-resource components, which requires the formation of a modern model of ecological and economic regulation of its reproduction to prevent the processes of exhausting and unbalanced forest use. It is determined that at the present moment the decisive influence on the paces, proportions and scale of reproduction of the main capital of forestry economy is exercised by the processes of European integration, digitalization and decentralization, which to some extent is reflected in the State Strategy for Forest Management of Ukraine until 2035. Studies have shown that in 2013–2021 in the dynamics of most articles of capital expenditures for the purchase of production equipment, cars, devices, machinery and mechanisms, there is an upward trend, owing to both the real growth of capital investments and devaluation-inflationary processes. It is revealed that in 2013–2021 there is a reduction in total capital expenditures for the purchase of road construction equipment, which reduces the ability of permanent forest users to develop a network of forestry roads. It is substantiated that deepening the digital transformation of the forest management system and the movement of forest products requires an increase in capital expenditures in the acquisition of modern software and other information and digital technologies, which will lead to an increase in the share of intangible assets in the structure of main capital of forestry economy. It is found that in recent years certain institutional prerequisites have been formed for diversification of sources of financial and investment support for the reproduction of fixed capital of forestry economy due to an increase in the volume of bank lending and additional attraction of foreign investments. It is proved that a perspective institutional form of diversification of sources of financing for the reproduction of main capital are public-private partnership agreements, which will ensure the consolidation of resources of the public and corporate sectors to accelerate the processes of expanded reproduction and economic development of the forest resource potential of the country.

Community Based Forest Management Strategies and Projections In KPH XIX Saka South Oku, South Sumatera

In accordance with the mandate of the law, forests are part state-controlled and must be managed sustainably, for that the existence of KPH is a necessity for all parties. Forest management is generally realized based on forest governance, management plans, forest rehabilitation, forest protection, and conservation. To improve people's welfare, it is necessary to make optimal use of forest areas to support the preservation of natural resources and overcome global climate change. This research was carried out in KPH Unit XIX Saka, South OKU Regency which is located in the forest group of HL Saka, HPT Saka, and HP Saka, South OKU Regency. Data presentation was carried out descriptively and analyzed using the SWOT method. The results of the study show that KPH as a forest area manager at the site level can guarantee the continuity of forest area functions by implementing sustainable forest management with forest ecological values, based on community welfare. The strategy adopted is the SO Strategy, namely by utilizing and promoting the potential of forest resources, especially non-timber forest product resources (HHBK), and the potential for forest environmental services in the KPH.

Analytical assessment of self-sowed forests in Ukraine

It was determined that the need to increase the forest resource potential and increase the efficiency of forestry production forces us to look for more rational scientific and methodological approaches to the use of forests. Of course, for this it is necessary to have reliable information about the existing state of the forest cover of the territory. It is known that statistical data on the area of the country’s forest fund take into account only the area of forests located on the lands of forestry purpose and do not contain information on unaccounted for forests on the lands of agricultural purpose. Self-seeded forests in Ukraine are a fairly common phenomenon that can significantly influence the increase in the country’s forest cover. Currently, the very concept of “self-seeding forest” is not legally defined, and it is not clear how to most effectively use this phenomenon for the good of society from an economic and ecological perspective. That is why it is necessary to determine how widespread self-seeded forests are on the territory of the country and which areas are in question. Taking into account the current trends in the development of technologies for remote sensing of the Earth, an analytical assessment of self-seeded forests in Ukraine was carried out. Analytical assessment consists in the comparison of space images from the Public Cadastral Map of Ukraine and space observation data (RSE — remote sensing of the earth). The photos revealed that large areas of agricultural land are covered with forests and have not been used for their intended purpose for several decades. As a result of the research, a graphic method of determining the area of self-seeded forests was developed and a regularity was established in the change in the coefficients of forest cover and agricultural development of the territory, taking into account the area of self-seeded forests. To visually present the results of the graphic method of determining the area of self-seeded forests, the 2007 cadastral plan of land accounting of CAE (collective agricultural enterprise) “Sosnivske” was used. According to the data of the remote sensing of the land and the data of the Public Cadastral Map, significant areas of self-seeded forests were found on the territory of CAE “Sosnivske”, which were formed during the period 2007–2021.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FORESTRY AND STATE FOREST MANAGEMENT

This article, deals the momentum of the country's forest reserve area, the distribution of forest reserve lands, the dynamics of forest reserve lands by regions and the percentage share of forestry institutions by territory. The current period of economic development is characterized by the escalation of the environmental crisis, the creation of new post-industrial civilization bases, the concept of sustainable development, the change of socio-economic relations in the direction of the creation of various property forms and their implementation, and the strengthening of integration processes. International agreements have declared the need for the world community to move towards sustainable development. The purpose of the sustainable development strategy is to effectively solve the social and economic tasks of the current and future generations, as well as the preservation of natural resource potential. Forest is an important strategic resource of Kazakhstan. It plays a big role in human life. As the main component of the regulation of the natural environment and its processes, the forest ensures the vital activity of humanity, and it also occupies a special place in the socio-economic development of society. Observance of the principle of continuous use of forests in a non-depleting manner by all participants in forest relations is considered the basis for preserving and increasing the ecological and resource potential of forests. Also, reproduction of renewable forest resources is the use of resources in such a way as to maintain the stability of the forest as an ecological system

Стратегия сохранения биологического разнообразия, охраны лесных и водных ресурсов бореальной зоны

The article introduces a new system of boreal forest management that aims at preserving the biodiversity, resources, and ecological potential. The research results can help to develop regional strategies for large forest regions that experience significant man-made impact. Antropogenic factors destroy the resource potential of forests, as well as their biological diversity, not to mention the hydrological regime of rivers. The paper features various measures that make it possible to avoid risks and ensure sustainable long-term use of forests.

Eco-tourism Development Strategy Based on Local Potential in the Forest of Akebalanda Village, Moya Village, Ternate City

The concept of eco-tourism connects nature tourism trips that have a conservation mission that is carried out simultaneously with forestry development in forest areas that is applied to social forestry schemes. The scheme focuses more on empowerment in a participatory manner to increase the community's ability to manage the potential of forest resources in the vicinity. The purpose of this study (1). Knowing the potential of Akebalanda Village Forest in Moya Village (2). Develop a strategy for the development of Forest Eco-tourism in Ake Balanda Village, Moya Village. The method in this study is to observe and inventory the potential of vegetation. Field observations were carried out to determine the location of data collection and obtain actual data regarding the potential of village forests and the eco-tourism development strategies used, and continued with structured interviews with group administrators and related parties, then the data will be analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the flora potential in the eco-tourism area of Gamalama Forest, Akebalanda Village in Moya Village, was very diverse. This is indicated by the discovery of 31 types of plants developed in the area. In addition to the potential of flora, there is also another potential as an attraction for the development of Gamalama Eco-tourism, namely natural potential. Based on the calculation of scores on the EFAS and IFAS matrices, the Gamalama ecotourism development in the forest of Akebalanda village is in quadrant I (0,16 – 0,94). Quadrant I is a very favorable situation in doing business. This position has opportunities and strengths from two factors, namely internal factors and external factors that can be utilized by KUPS and LPHD. The strategy that must be applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy ( Growth Oriental Strategy ).

Institutional support for the development of resource potential of the forestry of the Podilsk economic region

The article analyzes and reveals the basis of institutional approaches in the forest sector. The issue of forest resource potential in the regional context is revealed in detail and the economic factors that cr-eate conditions for its development are identified. The theoretical substantiation of economic zoning of territories is covered. The stages of development of the mechanism of the state support of forestry of the Podilskyi economic region are offered.

Village forest management for mitigation of climate change and contribution to community social-economic resilience

Indonesia has the potential of forest resources with an area of 120.7 million hectares. The government has established various forest area management mechanisms to create livelihoods, environmental services, and climate change mitigation efforts. This study aims to determine the contribution of village forests to the creation of livelihoods for the community through physical observation, social observation, and in-depth interviews. The Village Forest in the study location has advantages because it consists of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, so the biodiversity richness is very high. The strength of the village forest system is that it can be managed by local communities as a source of livelihood for 59.9% of respondents, but it is not yet optimal in its management as a source of income with the majority of respondents earning less than one million rupiahs (70% of respondents). Although, the majority of the 148 respondents (37.4%) are considered that the forest areas contributed to new types of work as a source of income. The potential for exploitation and degradation of forest areas needs to be considered because of the high frequency of people entering forest areas and opening access. The existence of village forests in the region directly or indirectly contributes to efforts to mitigate global climate change. It can be conserved and protected as a carbon pool and a carbon sink. The existence of various types of new jobs and potential economic opportunities from this can reduce the rate of forest conversion and exploitation by the community which is generally done to earn income.

Non-Wood Forest Resources: Significance and Problems of Resource Potential Assessment in the Framework of Sustainable Forest Management

In the world practice, legislative and scientific literature, the concept of «non-wood forest resources» is widely and comprehensively used. In this regard, the article clarifies the concept. The issues of the significance of these resources for society in obtaining various benefits, resource potential for regions involved in economic relations, in increasing the revenue base of the regional budget, and the need for its assessment are considered. The problems of assessing the resource potential of non-wood forest resources that arose at the level of legislative regulation of normative legal documents: the Forest Code of the Russian Federation and forest management documents are considered. Their imperfection and paradoxical situation of discrepancy between some provisions of normative documents are noted. The reasons that block sustainable forestry and forest management in solving the problem of conducting and obtaining an assessment of the resource potential of non-wood resources are identified. The necessity of further sustainable use of the forest resource potential of wild plants as a factor of life support of society, development of forest territories and effective forest management is substantiated. Proposals were made to address the problematic issues of assessing and obtaining statistical data on the resource potential of non-wood forest resources.

Капіталізація як фактор підвищення конкурентоспроможності лісової галузі

The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the system of indicators of the forest industry capitalization as a factor in increasing its competitiveness. Research methods. Empirical method (for estimating the indicators of the level of capitalization of the forestry complex in the dynamics), synthesis (problems and directions of increasing the capitalization of the forest industry), abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions) are used. Research results. The features of forestry activities are disclosed and the classification of forest industry entities is given depending on regional characteristics, in particular, the forest resource potential on them and their geographical location. Ways are proposed regarding the possibility of increasing the level of capitalization (as a factor in increasing competitiveness) of the forest industry by introducing a number of organizational, technical and managerial innovations, including diversification of activities, priority areas of cooperation with local governments and with subjects of the agro-industrial complex. Scientific novelty. The conclusions about the features of the investment attractiveness of the forestry industry as a necessary factor in increasing the level of capitalization were further developed, and positive and negative trends were generalized in the context of the prospects for increasing the level of capitalization of the forestry complex. For this, the system of indicators of forestry capitalization has been identified and studied, and the calculation of each of them in dynamics has been provided. Practical significance. The necessity of applying relative criteria for diagnosing the competitiveness of the forestry sector of the economy has been established. Proposals for a list of relevant criteria have been made. Tabl.: 1. Refs.:10.

Economic valuation of protection and production forests in pekalongan regency

Regional autonomy authorizes local governments to optimize sources of income, one of which is through natural resources. Pekalongan Regency is a district in Central Java which has the potential of forest resources covering an area of 28,486 Ha including limited protected forests, production forests and limited production forests managed by Perum Perhutani. Forests are renewable natural resources that need to be managed sustainably to enable them to fulfill their (economic, social, environmental sustainability) functions according to sustainable development principles. Considering that at present some people do not have insights into the values of forest resources, especially their intangible benefits, this present study aimed to analyze the total economic value of protection and production forests to inform people about the economic value of forest resources. This study used a descriptive-quantitative method with primary and secondary data sources. The quantitative data processing technique used was the Total Economic Value model supported with the market price method, the travel cost method, and the benefit transfer method. The results of the analysis revealed that the economic value of protection and production forests in Pekalongan Regency is IDR. 232,355,092,970. The indirect use value (41.36%) of the forests indicates that forests have substantial intangible benefits. The total economic value analysis of the forests can be used as a recommendation for local governments and stakeholders in allocating forest resources to keep them in the sustainable development order.

Forest Resource Potential of Cedar in the Far Fast

This paper studies the taxation indicators of previously developed standards for evaluating the productivity of Korean pine plantations. Rehabilitation of cedar stands is impossible without growth tables. The analysis shows that the productivity assessment of cedar trees as a renewable resource should be accompanied by working standards, bringing the plantings to a given goal. In other words, the norms should be compiled for a specific purpose, for example, the cultivation of nut plantations. Korean pine is a nut-bearing plant, and it is its most crucial production function for a wide range of consumers, including humans. At the moment, this formation was “not available” due to the overexploitation of raw (wood) resources in the last century. To return it to Russia’s renewable energy system in the next 30 years, it is necessary to review all functions to optimize them at different management levels. The analysis shows that with the help of modern technologies, it is possible to ensure the transition to a significant forest formation in various production areas, taking into account the demand for its products. This main transition elements are a high-quality regulatory framework, its compliance with the real capabilities of the formation, and favorable market conditions for products obtained from this formation. A bet on renewable energy sources will allow the world economy to avoid crisis periods, including those of a socio-ecological nature.