Potential Of Chitosan Nanoparticles Research Articles

Chitosan nanoparticles effectively improved quality stability of pork patties subjected to multiple freeze–thaw cycles

The potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) for improving the quality stability of pork patties under freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles was studied. Chitosan nanoparticles were successfully produced by the ionotropic gelation method. Pork patties were incorporated with 0%, 0.5% chitosan, 1% chitosan, 0.5% CHNPs, and 1% CHNPs and then subjected to repeated F-T cycles. Results showed that CHNPs were able to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation with a significant decrease in the lipid malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl formation in the patties after seven F-T cycles. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) results indicated that CHNPs effectively restrained water mobility of samples. In addition, CHNPs exhibited a distinguishable improvement in the textural properties and water holding capacity in the stored patties during F-T cycles. Thus, CHNPs could be used as a natural ingredient to protect frozen patties from quality degradation caused by temperature fluctuations.

Wound-aided semi-solid poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels incorporating essential oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

The potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) loaded with essential oil (EO) incorporated into semi-solid PVA hydrogels for use in wound management was studied. Two types of essential oil were compared including clove essential oil (CEO) and turmeric essential oil (TEO). The EO-loaded CSNPs were prepared by a two-step method; oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification followed by ionic gelation using different ratios of chitosan:EO (i.e., 1:0.25, 1:0.50, 1:0.75, and 1:1.00 w/w). The increasing amount of EO caused more aggregate structure as observed from SEM images. The TEO-loaded CSNPs showed a higher extent of aggregation than the CEO-loaded CSNPs. The adhesiveness of the semi-solid PVA hydrogels containing TEO-loaded CSNPs was the highest. The use of EO-loaded CSNPs in the semi-solid PVA hydrogel helped to sustain and prolong the release rate of EO from the hydrogels as compared to just the EO alone. The studied semi-solid PVA hydrogels were non-toxic to both NCTC clone 929 and NHDF cells. Overall results suggested that these semi-solid hydrogels are good candidates for use in wound management.

Development and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles containing an indanonic tricyclic spiroisoxazoline derivative using ion-gelation method: an in vitro study

Biodegradable nanoparticulate carriers are potentially applicable compounds in the administration of therapeutic agents and drug delivery. They have received much attention due to their biological characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioadhesive. The objectives of this work are first, investigating the impact of two important parameters (i.e. chitosan or sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution concentration and chitosan to TPP mass ratio) on the chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) formation by ionic-gelation method and then, the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-based, biodegradable drug-loaded nanoparticles in the encapsulation of novel 4′-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3′-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4′H-spiro[indene-2,5′-isoxazol]-1(3H)-one (MTS) indanonic tricyclic spiroisoxazoline, which is a potent anticancer drug. The particle size, shape, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, in vitro release characteristics, and stability of the formulated drug-loaded nanoparticles of the different drug:carrier ratio has been studied. The results indicated that the particle size increased at the higher chitosan or TPP concentration while the mass ratio did not appear to be a significant parameter during the cross-linking process. The particle diameter and zeta potential of CNPs including MTS were approximately in the range of 256–350 nm and 24.08–38.70 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency steadily increased with increasing the concentration of the polymer in formulizations. Throughout 24 h, the in vitro release behavior was provided a sustained release from all the drug-loaded formulizations. The optimal formulization of CNPs based on drug content with a drug:carrier ratio of 1:2 did not change appreciably during 60-day storage at either 4 °C or the ambient temperature.

Preparation and Characterization of Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Chitosan

To prepare and optimize core-shell nanoparticles consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an initiator. Methods The core-shell nanoparticles consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores surrounded by various of chitosan shells, induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) solution. The average particle diameter and zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles were determined by Zetasizer nanoanalyzer.Atomic force microscope was used to analyse core-shell nanoparticles morphology . Results The concentrations of chitosan and initiator tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and amounts of monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA),reaction time were effects on the nanoparticle size and grafting efficiency. The optimal conditions as follows: 0.25g in 47mL 1% acetic acid solution, tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) 0.3mL, methyl methacrylate (MMA) 1g, reaction time 1.5 h and reaction temperature was at 80°C. Conclusion CS-g-PMMA nanoparticles could be successfully prepared by polymerizing MMA onto CS using tert-butylhydroperoxide as an initiator.

Fixed-Bed Studies on Removal of Arsenic from Simulated Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT Arsenic is a toxic element and may be found in natural as well as in industrial water; therefore, before using water for drinking purpose, its proper treatment is required. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of chitosan nanoparticles, in a continuous-flow method, for the removal of arsenic (III) and (V) from aqueous solutions. All experiments were conducted in fixed-bed columns. Experiments were carried out as a function of varying liquid flow rate (0.3–1.0 ml/min), initial metal concentration (0.5–1.5 mg/L), and bed height (3–9 cm) of adsorbent. The total adsorbed quantity, equilibrium uptake, and total percentage removal of arsenic ions were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates, initial concentrations, and bed heights. The results showed that the column performed well at the lowest flow rate. Also, column bed capacity and exhaustion time were found to increase with increasing bed height. When initial metal ion concentration was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L, the corresponding adsorption bed capacity decreased from 0.076 to 0.028 mg/g. The bed depth service time model (BDST) model was used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. The calculated values of N o and K a were found to be 19.28 × 10−2 mg/L and 0.662 L/mg·min, respectively. Good agreement was found between the experimental breakthrough curves and the model predictions.

COLORECTAL CANCER CELL DETECTION BY FOLIC ACID-CONJUGATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

The endoscopy is a common diagnosis method for the detection of colorectal cancer and there are two methods to improve the diagnostic sensitivity. One is chromoendoscopy, and the other is magnifying endoscopy. Color contrast dye, such as indigo carmine, usually is sprayed on the surface of the intestine and can accumulate in the pits and crevices of the mucosa to enhance the identification of the lesion. However, this color contrast dye does not have target-specific and local-retention properties. For these reasons we encapsulated indigo carmine into chitosan nanoparticles (CNIC) by the ionic gelation to increase the retention time on intestine surface, and conjugated folic acid with chitosan nanoparticles (fCNIC) to target specifically adenomatous polyps. The size and zeta potential of CNIC and fCNIC measured by transmission electron microscope and zetasizer were both at the range of 120–140 nm and 20 mV respectively. The loading efficiency of indigo carmine in fCNIC was in the range of 60–70% and depended on the concentration of acetic acid solution used to dissolve chitosan and folic acid–chitosan conjugates and folic acid conjugation percentage. Bioassy results of fCNIC targeting to HT-29 colon cancer cells revealed that the prepared particle with high folic acid conjugation had a better adhesion effect. These results implied that fCNIC with high folic acid conjugation could serve as an ideal vector for a colon-specific targeting system. According to this concept, we designed a novel detection system to enhance the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis for colorectal cancer.

Comparison of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan hydrogels for vaccine delivery

In this work the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels as particulate and sustained release vaccine delivery systems was investigated. CNP and chitosan hydrogels were prepared, loaded with the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and characterised. The immunostimulatory capacity of these vaccine delivery systems was assessed in-vitro and in-vivo. Particle sizing measurements and SEM images showed that optimised OVA-loaded CNP had a size of approximately 200 nm, a polydispersity index < 0.2, and a positive zeta-potential of approximately 18 mV. The amount of OVA adsorbed onto CNP was high with an adsorption efficacy of greater than 96%. Raman spectroscopy indicated conformational changes of OVA when adsorbed onto the surface of CNP. Uptake of the dispersions and immunological activation of murine dendritic cells in-vitro could be demonstrated. Investigation of the release of fluorescently-labelled OVA (FITC-OVA) from CNP and chitosan hydrogels in-vitro showed that approximately 50% of the total protein was released from CNP within a period of ten days; release of antigen from chitosan gel occurred in a more sustained manner, with < 10% of total protein being released after 10 days. The slow release from gel formulations may be explained by the strong interactions of the protein with chitosan. While OVA-loaded CNP showed no significant immunogenicity, formulations of OVA in chitosan gel were able to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in-vivo.