Potato Meal Research Articles

Effects of different heat treatment methods on physicochemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of sweet potato flour and its application in meal replacement flour.

This study examined the effects of various heat treatments on physicochemical properties, functionality, and starch digestibility of sweet potato flour. Heat treatments darkened the color but did not change the chemical structure. Solubility decreased and swelling power increased (17.3%-18.3%) with baking, frying, and microwaving, while extrusion and steaming had opposite effects. Rapidly digestible starch content increased (8.96%-41.91%) in all treatments except steaming, which reduced slowly digestible starch (61.81%-28.97%). Based on the analysis of these studies, using low-temperature baked and extruded sweet potato flour as the main raw material, combined with the concept of complete nutrition, supplemented by nutritious ingredients such as quinoa, oats, and whey protein, we have successfully developed two sweet potato meal replacement flours (SP-1 and SP-2) and found they had good brewing properties and showed shear-thinning behavior. This study provided theoretical basis for sweet potato deep processing and functional product development. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper studied the effects of different heat treatments on sweet potato flour, and developed two meal replacement flour based on this, to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the sweet potato industry.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Daun dan Batang Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L) Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performans dan IOFC Ternak Babi Peranakan Landrace Fase Grower

Pig farming has great potential to be developed because it is efficient in converting feed into meat. Feed is the largest cost component in production, which is about 60-80% of the total cost. Landrace pigs are the main choice of breeders because of their fast growth and docile temperament. However, the high price of factory-made feed encourages farmers to look for alternative feed ingredients, including agricultural waste such as sweet potato leaves (Ipomea batatas L), which are rich in nutrients and relatively cheap (Sihombing, 2016). Sweet potato leaves contain 25.51% crude protein and various other important nutrients, but they also contain anti-nutrient substances such as tannins. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving of leaf and stems sweet potato meal (SPM) on performa and income over feed costs (IOFC) in the grower pig. A total of 12 female landrace pigs aged 3-4 months with an average body weight of 55.5 kg (CV = 24.23%) were used in this study. The experimental method used a randomized block design, with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tried consisted of R0: ration without sweet potato leaf and stems meal sweet potato (SPM), R1: ration 5% (SPM), R2: ration 10% (SPM) meal, R3: ration 15% (SPM). The variables studied were performa and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).The variables measured are ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion and Income Over Feed Cost of research pigs. It can be concluded that the use of leaf and stems meal sweet potato 5%, 15% in pig rations provide the same response to provide the same effect on body weight gain, ration conversion and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). leaves and stems sweet potato can be used up to 15%.

Gastric emptying is slower in women than men with type 2 diabetes and impacts on postprandial glycaemia.

To evaluate sex differences in gastric emptying and the glycaemic response to a glucose drink and a high carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In cohort 1, 70 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve Chinese patients with T2D (44 men) recruited from a diabetes outpatient clinic ingested a 75-g glucose drink containing 150 mg 13C-acetate. In cohort 2, 101 Australian patients with T2D (67 male) recruited from the community, managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy, ingested a semi-solid mashed potato meal, labelled with 100 μl 13C-octanoic acid. Breath samples were collected over 3 and 4 h, respectively, for assessment of gastric emptying, and venous blood was sampled for evaluation of glycaemia (with and without adjustment for each participant's estimated total blood volume). Gastric emptying was slower in female than male subjects in both cohorts (both p < .01). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that gastric emptying was independently associated with sex (both p < .05). Without adjustment for blood volume, the glycaemic responses to oral glucose and the mixed meal were greater in female subjects (both p < .001). However, after adjustment for blood volume, the glycaemic responses were greater in men (both p < .05). Gastric emptying is slower in women than men with T2D, associated with a reduced blood volume-adjusted glycaemic response to oral glucose and a mixed meal in women. These observations highlight the sex difference in postprandial glucose handling, which is relevant to the personalized management of postprandial glycaemia in T2D.

863-P: Effect of Bashan Tea Drink, a Vegetable Plant-Based Compound Tea Drink, on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: The Bashan drink is a vegetable plant-based compound tea drink combing several pure plant ingredients. Plant-based ingredients are rich in phytochemicals, which can regulate human metabolic enzymes. For instance, catechin-rich green tea can reduce insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity and improve postprandial blood glucose. Objective: To observe the effects of Bashan on blood glucose (BG) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients by a standardized mashed potato meal and continuous BG monitoring. Methods: A total of 29 patients (23 males, age 49.64±1.71years, HbA1c 8.49±0.42%) with T2DM who were newly diagnosed or failed to achieve glycemic control using antidiabetic monotherapy were included in the study. Subjects were randomized to take either 180ml of Bashan or water 3 times a day directly after meals for 2 weeks, with a 1-week washout period. Before and after the intervention, subjects were detected BG for 240 min after a mashed potato meal (368.5 kcal: 61.4 g carbohydrate, 7.4 g protein and 8.9 g fat). Average blood glucose(ABG) were collected from the continuous glucose monitors. Data are presented as means ± SEM, and P &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Four subjects were excluded for not completing the study. Compared with water, drinking Bashan significantly improved the ABG on day 10 to 12 (Bashan vs water: day 10, 7.37 ± 0.40 mmol/L vs 8.03 ± 0.45 mmol/L, P = 0.029; day 11, 7.17 ± 0.36 mmol/L vs 8.12 ± 0.59 mmol/L, P = 0.032; day 12, 6.90 ± 0.36 mmol/L vs 7.86 ± 0.54 mmol/L, P = 0.018). Drinking Bashan decreased HOMA2-IR and increased Homa2-%β, though not of statistical significance. (HOMA2-IR: Bashan day 14: 1.80 ± 0.17, day 1: 1.97 ± 0.19 vs water day 14: 1.83 ± 0.15, day 1: 1.80 ± 0.18, P &amp;gt;0.05; HOMA2-%β: Bashan day 14: 86.26±9.02, day 1: 73.40 ± 8.24 vs water day 14: 74.29 ± 7.46, day 1: 71.42 ± 7.27, P &amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Drinking Bashan continuously can improve ABG, and can potentially improve insulin resistance and β cell function. Disclosure C.Ni: None. Z.Sun: None. X.Zhou: None. S.Yao: None.

Interaction of starch and non-starch polysaccharides in raw potato flour and their effects on thickening stability

The present study sought to explore the potential of raw potato flour prepared from two common potato varieties (Atlantic and Favorita) as a thickener and the underlying mechanisms of its thickening stability based on the chemical component content, chemical group, starch, pectin, cell wall integrity, and the cell wall strength of raw potato flour. The raw potato flour prepared from Favorita potato (FRPF) showed great potential as a thickener with a valley viscosity/peak viscosity of 97.24 %. Additionally, the viscosity of FRPF after heat treatment, acid treatment and shear treatment was maintained at 70.73 %, 65.99 % and 78.89 % of the original viscosity, respectively, which is better than that of ARPF (44.98 %, 47.03 % and 61.57 %, respectively). The results also revealed that high pectin content, cell wall integrity and strength contributed significantly to the thickening stability of potato meal, which was achieved by limiting the swelling and disintegration of starch. Finally, the correctness of the principle was verified using the raw potato flour prepared from four types of potatoes (Heijingang, Innovator, Qingshu No. 9, and Guinongshu No. 1). Overall, the development of thickener from raw potato flour has broadened the variety of clean label additives in the food industry.

In Vitro Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Fermented by Traditional and Alternative Processes under Water Currents

In vitro digestibility and functional and physicochemical properties of two fermented potato meals under hydric stress procedures were determined by (a) traditional potato meal (TPM) and (b) alternative potato meal (APM) used for potato conservation in the Andean Region. Starches granules were oval-shaped with sizes ranging from 15 to 70 μm in length and from 20 to 100 μm in diameter. The amylose content of APM (28.9%) was significantly higher compared to that of TPM (25.7%). The peak gelatinization temperatures were 65.8 °C for TPM and 68 °C for APM. When raw starches from TPM and APM were gelatinized, rapidly digestible starch increased 3.8- and 3.2-fold, while resistant starch decreased by 2.7- and 2.2-fold, respectively. However, while slowly digestible starch showed a similar percentage at 120 min, it decreased to 8.9-fold in TPM and was not detected in APM at 240 min. The TPM and APM parameters can be used to evaluate and implement these meals in food industrialization processes.

The ‘early’ postprandial glucagon response is related to the rate of gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes

Gastric emptying (GE) is a major determinant of the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the effect of GE on the postprandial glucagon response, which is characteristically augmented in T2D, is unknown. This study examined the relationship between plasma glucagon and GE of a standardized mixed meal in individuals with well-controlled T2D. 89 individuals with T2D (HbA1c 6.6 ± 0.1%) consumed a mashed potato meal labeled with 100 µL 13C-octanoic acid between 0 and 5 min. Venous blood was sampled frequently over 4 h for measurements of blood glucose and plasma glucagon. The gastric half-emptying time (T50) was calculated by quantification of 13C in the breath. Blood glucose peaked at t = 90 min after the meal. Plasma glucagon increased to a peak at t = 30 min and then decreased to a nadir at t = 180 min. The T50 was 68.3 ± 1.6 min. The incremental area under the plasma glucagon curve between t = 0–30 min (glucagon iAUC0–30 min) was related inversely to the T50 (r = −0.23, P = 0.029), while the increase in blood glucose at t = 30 min was related directly to the plasma glucagon iAUC0–30 min (r = 0.25, P = 0.018). Accordingly, individuals with relatively faster GE exhibited higher postprandial glucagon and glucose levels (ANOVA: P<0.01 for each). In well-controlled T2D, the early postprandial glucagon response to a mixed meal is related to the rate of GE, and predictive of the initial glycemic response. These observations suggest that a reduction in plasma glucagon may contribute to the effect of dietary and pharmacological strategies which reduce postprandial glycemia in T2D by slowing GE.

Measurement of Gastric Emptying Using a 13C-octanoic Acid Breath Test with Wagner-Nelson Analysis and Scintigraphy in Type 2 Diabetes.

Breath tests utilising 13C-labelled substrates for the assessment of gastric emptying have been applied widely. Wagner-Nelson analysis is a pharmacokinetic model that can be utilised to generate a gastric emptying curve from the % 13CO2 measured in breath samples. We compared Wagner-Nelson analysis with (i) scintigraphy and (ii) conventional breath test modelling to quantify gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes. Thirteen patients (age 68.1±1.5 years, body mass index 31.0±0.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.3±0.2%) consumed a mashed potato meal comprising 65 g powdered potato, 20 g glucose, 250 ml water, an egg yolk labelled with 100 μL 13C-octanoic acid and 20MBq 99mTc-calcium phytate. Scintigraphic data were acquired and breath samples collected for 4 hours after the meal. Gastric emptying curves were derived based on each technique; the 50% emptying time and intragastric retention at 60 min were also calculated. With Wagner-Nelson analysis, a Kel=0.60 (the elimination constant) best approximated the scintigraphic gastric emptying curve. There was a relationship between the T50 calculated with scintigraphy and by both Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 (r2=0.45, P<0.05) and conventional analysis (r2=0.44, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 50% gastric emptying time for scintigraphy (68.5±4.8 min) and Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 (71.3±4.5 min), however, the 50% gastric emptying time calculated by conventional analysis was much greater at 164.7±6.0 min (P<0.001). In type 2 diabetes, gastric emptying of a mashed potato meal measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test analysed with Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 closely reflects measurements obtained with scintigraphy, whereas, in absolute terms, the conventional breath test analysis does not.

Effect of Potato Meal as a Maize Substitute Feed on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Potato Meal as a Maize Substitute Feed on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Nutritional evaluation of potato meal with enzyme supplementation on growth performance of broiler chicken

Nutritional evaluation of potato meal with enzyme supplementation on growth performance of broiler chicken

Plasma GLP-1 Response to Oral and Intraduodenal Nutrients in Health and Type 2 Diabetes-Impact on Gastric Emptying.

Both gastric emptying and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are major determinants of postprandial glycemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GLP-1 secretion after a meal is dependent on the entry of nutrients into the small intestine, which, in turn, slows gastric emptying. To define the relationship between gastric emptying and the GLP-1 response to both oral and small intestinal nutrients in subjects with and without T2D. We evaluated: (i) the relationship between gastric emptying (breath test) and postprandial GLP-1 levels after a mashed potato meal in 73 individuals with T2D; (ii) inter-individual variations in GLP-1 response to (a) intraduodenal glucose (4 kcal/min) during euglycemia and hyperglycemia in 11 healthy and 12 T2D, subjects, (b) intraduodenal fat (2 kcal/min) in 15 T2D subjects, and (c) intraduodenal protein (3 kcal/min) in 10 healthy subjects; and (iii) the relationship between gastric emptying (breath test) of 75 g oral glucose and the GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose (4 kcal/min) in 21 subjects (9 healthy, 12 T2D). The GLP-1 response to the mashed potato meal was unrelated to the gastric half-emptying time (T50). The GLP-1 responses to intraduodenal glucose, fat, and protein varied substantially between individuals, but intra-individual variation to glucose was modest. The T50 of oral glucose was related directly to the GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose (r = 0.65, P = 0.002). In a given individual, gastric emptying is not a determinant of the postprandial GLP-1 response. However, the intrinsic gastric emptying rate is determined in part by the responsiveness of GLP-1 to intestinal nutrients.

Phenolic Metabolites in the Urine and Plasma of Healthy Men After Acute Intake of Purple Potato Extract Rich in Methoxysubstituted Monoacylated Anthocyanins

Structurally stable acylated anthocyanins have potential in various food applications but the effects of acylation and methoxysubstitution on anthocyanin metabolism are poorly understood. This is the first study thoroughly investigating phenolic metabolites, their time-wise changes, and pharmacokinetics following an acute intake of methoxysubstituted monoacylated anthocyanins. Healthy male volunteers (n = 17) consumed a yellow potato meal with and without purple potato extract rich in acylated anthocyanins (152mg) and hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates (140mg). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) is used for identification and quantification of metabolites from serially collected urine and plasma. While the parent anthocyanins are not detected, 28 phenolic metabolites from urine and 14 from plasma are quantified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and protocatechuic acid sulfates and glucuronides; three (catechol, gallic acid-4-O-glucuronide, and 2-methoxybenzoic acid) are detected for the first time after anthocyanin-rich food. Urinary hippuric acid is the most abundant with an increase of 139µM mM-1 creatinine after the treatment. A large additional set of tentatively identified phenolic metabolites are detected. Late urinary peak time values suggest colonic degradation. Acylated anthocyanins are more bioavailable than earlier reported after extensive degradation in human and/or colonial metabolism to phenolic metabolites, which may be further conjugated and demethylated.

Pengaruh penggantian sebagian ransum dengan tepung daun dan batang ubi jalar terhadap kecernaan kalsium dan fosfor pada ternak babi

EFFECT OF PART SUBSTITUTION OF DIET WITH LEAF AND STEM OF SWEET POTATO MEAL ON DIGESTIBILITY OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOR IN PIG.This study aims to find out the extent of the influence of the use of leaf and stem of sweet potato meal replacing some of the diet on calcium and phosphor consumption and digestibility in pig. This study used the design of latin square (Latin Squere Design) 5 x 5 consisting of 5 male pigs kastrasi results of the crossing Duroc X Spotted Polland China aged about 3.5 - 4.0 months, initial weight 50 kg (± 2.5 kg) and allocated into 5 treatments as follows: R0 = 100% basal diet + 0% leaves and stems of sweet potato; R1 = 92.5% basal diet + 75% sweet potato leaves and stems; R2 = 85% basal diet + 15% leaves and stems of sweet Potatoes, R3 = 77.5% basal diet + 22.5% leaves and stems of sweet potatoes; R4= 70% basal diet + 30% leaves and stems of sweet potatoes.The parameters measured were: the consumption of calcium and phosphorus, as well as theingest of calcium and phosphor. The results showed that the average calcium consumption of pigs in the initial phase of the finisher in each treatment ranged from 10.88 - 13.60grams, and for the average consumption of phosphorus ranged from 10.74% - 13.42grams.While the calcium ingest of pigs early phase finisher in each treatment ranges from 54.37 – 55.16% and for average of phosphor digestibility ranges from 62.27 – 61.23%. The analysis of varian showed that there was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) each treatmentson to consumption and digestibility of calcium and phosphor. In conclusion, The flour of leaf and stem sweet potato can replace up to 30% of the basic ration of pigs in the initial phase of finisher no negative effects on consumption of digestibility calcium and phosphor.Keywords: Leaves and stems of sweet potatoes, ingested calcium phosphorus, pig livestock

Penggunaan tepung ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L) sebagai filler terhadap sifat sensorik sosis daging ayam

THE USE OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO MEAL (Ipomea batas L) AS A FILLER ON SENSORIC CHARACTERISTIC OF CHICKEN SAUSAGE. This study aims to know how the use of purple sweet potato meal (Ipomoea batatas L) as filler on the sensory characteristic of chicken sausage. The materials used in this study were fresh chicken breast, purple sweet potato meal. The Design of research used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The treatment of research were R1: adding purple sweet potato meal 10 g; R2: adding purple sweet potato meal 20 g; R3: adding purple sweet potato meal 30 g dan R4: adding purple sweet potato meal 40 g. The treatment were tested with sensoric test by 40 panelists. The variables measured in this study were color, aroma, texture, tenderness, taste. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and then if there was a significant difference of treatment average, it will be continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study showed that the addition of purple sweet potatoes to the treatment of R1, R2, R3 and R4 had a very significantly effect (P &lt;0.01) on the color, aroma, texture, tenderness and taste of the sausage. It could be concluded that the addition of 40 gr of purple sweet potato meal in chicken sausage making provides good sensory properties.Keywords: sausage, purple sweet potato flour, sensory properties.

Performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diets substituted with graded levels of sweet potato meal

The performance of Ross broiler chickens fed on Sweet Potato Meal (SPM) as a dietary source of energy was studied. The study was carried out at both starter (0-4 wks) and finisher (5- 9 wks) phases. In both phases, SPM was incorporated at graded levels of 0. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent and dietary proteins were adjusted to make the diets iso-nitrogenous. In the starter phase, three replicates of I5 birds each were randomly allocated to each of the 6 treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment while the number of birds per replicate was reduced to 14 for the finisher phase using the same experimental design. Parameters measured or calculated include feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed costs, feed cost/kg weight gain, mortality and carcass characteristics. The results showed similar trends in both phases. Differences in the feed intake were not significant (P&gt;0.05) while weight gain, feed cost/kg weight gain and total cost of rearing the birds decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05). The Control, 10% 20% and 30% SPM diets gave similar weight gain and feed gain ratio. The Control gave the best performance in both starter and finisher phases, although its performance was not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) from that of the 30%SPM diet Sweet Potato Meal level had no adverse effects on mortality and carcass characteristics. It is therefore concluded from this study that SPM should not be included beyond 30% level in a maize-based diet when protein requirement of birds is satisfied.

Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of sun-dried sweet potato tuber meal (Ipomea batatas) diets

Forty weaned rabbits (8 weeks old) of mixed sexes and breed, with an average initial live-weight of 680g, were used in a nine-week feeding trial to evaluate their performance on diets in which sun-dried sweet potatoe tuber meal (Ipomoea batatas) was included at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels in a CP Isonitrogenous diets. Performance parameters showed that feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not significantly different between treatments. Values obtained were poorer for the sweet potato based diets compared to the control. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Carcass and oragn weights expressed as percentage of live-weight showed no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) across the treatments. It was concluded that sweet potato meal can be included up to 40% level in diets of young rabbits.

Laying performance and digestibility of nutrients by Japanese quails fed diets containing peeled and cooked sweet potato meal

A six–month feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding peeled cooked sundried sweet potato tuber on hen-day egg production and digestibility of nutrients by Japanese quails. Five isonitrogenous (20%CP) diets were compounded. The control diet (A) had zero sweet potato tuber meal. In the other four diets, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize (respectively) was replaced by peeled cooked sundried sweet potato tuber meal. 300 point-oflay female Japanese quails were randomly assigned the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water provided ad libitum. Each diet was allocated to 60 quail chicks which were further divided into three replicates of 20 birds each. Feed intake, body weight change, age at first eggs, age at 50% egg production, age at 75% egg production, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and feed per dozen eggs were similar (p? 0.05) across the diets. Water intake was significantly (p? 0.05) or (p &gt; 0.05) higher by birds on diet D (51.93ml/bird/day) than by those on diets A (42.60) and C (46.68ml/bird/day). Water intake by birds on diet A was significantly (p? 0.05) lower than by birds on the sweet potato diets. Dry matter digestibility was significantly (p? 0.05) better on diet C (70.54%) than on diets B (68.44) and D (68.54%). Ether extract digestibilitywas significantly (p? 0.05) better on diet E (67.60%) than on diets A (54.57), B (54.60), C (49.70) and D (51.42%). Crude protein digestibility was not affected by the diets. It can be concluded that peeled cooked sundried sweet potato can completely replace maize in the diet of laying quails without adverse effects on performance or on digestibility of nutrients.

Replacement of Value of Sweet Potato(Ipomea Batatas) Meal For Maize in Practical Diets Fed to Quail (COnturnix cotu-rnix japomica) Chicks

A six- week feeding trial was conducted to determine the value of sweer potato in diets fed to216 Japanese quail chicks in a brooding house. Four isonitrogenous (22%CP) diets tagged A, B&lt;C and D incorporating graded levels (0. 13.73, 23,73 and 38.73%) of sweet potato meal respectively as replacement for maize were used in the trial. The M.E levels of the diets flunctuated between 2692; diets D and 2708kcal/kg M.E; diets B. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Food intake was higher (p&lt;0.05) on diet B (818.62) than the rest of the diets (A:702.10g, C: 688.51 and D: 689.96g). Difference in weight gain (A:122g, B:130.50g. C:121.37g, D:122.15g) were not significant( p&gt;0.05) among the treatments. Feed cost/kg gain was higher(p&lt;0.05) for diet D(134.81) than other diets (A:97.87, B:94.23, C:104.94). Results of this study showed that dietry level of 38.73% sweet potato meal was suitable for growth of Japanese quail chicks provided the diets are isonitrogenous and contained metabolizable energy of between 2692 and 2798kcal/kg

Review on Feed Resources with More Emphasis on Use of Cassava and Sweet Potato Meal in Chicken Diet: Ethiopia

This review paper is aimed to focus on feed resources with more emphasis on use of cassava and sweet potato meal in Chicken diet in Ethiopia. Poultry production has significant socioeconomic roles in developing countries like Ethiopia. Households keep chickens for home consumption, selling and breeding purposes and other purposes such as social and cultural purposes. The chicken farming in Ethiopia is predominantly backyard type of farming system and it is generally disadvantaged since the poor management. According to different research results, the commonly available sources of feeds for chickens includes cereal crops and their aftermaths and household waste products or left overs. Roots and tuber crops can be incorporated in different substitution levels in chickens’ diet. Sweet potato and cassava are among the root and tuber crops and can be incorporated in chickens’ diet. Substitution of sweet potato in broilers diet enhances feed consumption, growth performance and edible meat characteristics of chickens. Accordingly, addition of sweet potato meal in the ration of chicken causes no any impact on edible meat quality and it may possibly substitute up to 50% maize in broiler finisher ration without detrimentally upsetting production performance of chickens. Besides, the tuber meal of sweet potato can also be incorporated up to 25% in layers ration causing no damaging result on the performance of layer chickens. The tuber of cassava will be cut up and dried up, and milled or pelletized and incorporated in chickens’ diet and it can also be included in broilers diet and capable of substituting 50% maize in broilers ration with no adverse effect on their performances and addition of 40% cassava flour or addition of 20% cassava peel meal in layer’s ration is pleasing for laying performance of chickens.

Egg laying performance and economics of production of japanese quails fed diets containing peeled and cooked sweet potato meal

Japanese quails are small in size, early maturing, come to egg production between 5 and 6 week of life, hardy and prolific but requires local feeds for sustainability. Thus, a feeding trial which lasted for six months was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding peeled and cooked sweet potato tuber on hen-day egg production and economics of production of Japanese quails. Five isonitrogenous (20%CP) diets were compounded. The control diet (A) had zero sweet potato tuber meal. In the other four diets, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of maize was replaced with peeled and cooked sweet potato tuber meal. Three hundred point-of-lay female Japanese quail birds were randomly allotted to the diets in a completely randomized design.Feed and water were provided ad libitum for six months. Each diet was allocated to 60 quail chicks, which were further divided into three replicates of 20 birds each to determine the performance characteristics of the quails. Feed intake, body weight change, age at first eggs, age at 50% egg production, age at 75% egg production, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and feed per dozen eggs were similar (pfi 0.05) across the diets. Water intake birds on diet A was significantly (pfi 0.05) lower than the birds on the sweet potato diets. Water intake was significantly (pfi 0.05) higher by birds on diet D (51.93ml/bird/day) than those on diets A (42.60) and C (46.68mL/bird/day). Total cost of production did not differ significantly across the diets. Gross margin was significantly higher on diet C (N67, 227.64) than on the other diets except for diet D (N65, 795.52). Results showed that peeled and cooked sweet potato can completely replace maize in the diet of laying quails without adverse effects on performance or on economics of production