Intake Of Potatoes Research Articles

Potato Intake and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

Abstract Context Results from observational studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between total, fried, and nonfried potato intake and cardiometabolic disease remain conflicted. Objective The aim was to synthesize existing evidence on the relationships between total potato intake and specific types of potato intake with the risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Data Sources Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until July 13, 2023. Data Extraction Data extracted from studies included first author, publication year, location, data source, follow-up duration (cohort studies only), demographics, sample size, cases, outcomes, exposure and outcome types, measurements, adjustments, study design, potato intake categories, and adjusted risk estimates (odds ratio, relative risk [RR], hazard ratio) with 95% CIs. Data Analysis Random-effects models were applied to estimate the summary RRs and 95% CIs. Results Fifty-one articles (103 studies) were identified in the current meta-analysis. Comparing the highest with the lowest categories of total potato intake, total potato intake was not associated with hypertension (summary RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.21), diabetes (1.08; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.22), GDM (1.16; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.57), CHD (1.00; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.02), CVD (0.97; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.03), or stroke (0.97; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.06); fried potato intake was not associated with overweight/obesity (1.24; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.70) or GDM (1.03; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.09) but was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk (1.16; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.30); nonfried potato intake was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk (1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10) but not hypertension (1.06; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.15). Conclusion Total potato intake was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, GDM, or cardiometabolic disease, but both fried and nonfried potato intake may increase the risk of diabetes but not other cardiometabolic diseases. Future cohort studies are needed to explore the association between different types of potato intake and cardiometabolic disease. In addition, the limited number of studies on total potato intake and overweight/obesity/heart failure, fried potato intake and CHD/stroke/heart failure, and nonfried potato intake and overweight/obesity/GDM/CHD/CVD/heart failure prevented us from conducting an analysis. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. RD42023454244.

Association between food security status and dietary patterns in a cohort of first-time food-aid users.

To examine the associations between food security status and dietary patterns among first-time food-aid users. From September 2018 to January 2020, a sample of 1001 newly registered food-aid users from 106 community-based food donation organizations were recruited across urban, rural, and peri-urban areas in four administrative regions of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and the Short Diet Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess food security status and food intake, respectively. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Regression analyses were performed on 987 participants with complete data to quantify the association between food security status and dietary patterns. Three main dietary patterns were identified: prudent (intake of fruits and fruit juice, plant-based beverages and legumes, green salad, carrots, other vegetables, whole grains, and fish), western (intake of poultry, red meat, potatoes and fried potatoes, rice, and pasta and refined grains), and snack foods (intake of salty snacks, cheese, butter and margarine, sweets, condiments, sweet beverages, and processed meat). Food insecurity was negatively associated with the prudent dietary pattern and positively associated with the snackfood dietary pattern. This study highlights the complexity of dietary patterns in a vulnerable population of first-time food-aid users, especially among those who are severely food insecure.

Identifying atheroprotective fruits and vegetables by Mendelian Randomization analysis.

Fruits and vegetables (FVs) are widely believed to mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the causal relationships between specific FVs and AS risk factors remain unclear. This study performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to infer the causality of the intake of 28 kinds of FVs with AS, as well as its risk factors including blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP). GWAS genetic data for these exposures and outcomes were extracted from the IEU open GWAS project. Heterogeneity was evaluated using both Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger methods. MR-Egger regression was specifically deployed to detect potential pleiotropy. Furthermore, a "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of each individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the combined outcome. The analysis confirms a causal relationship between total fruit consumption and reduced levels of LDL-C (OR = 0.911, p = 0.007) and CRP (OR = 0.868, p = 0.008). Similarly, total vegetable intake is also causally associated with a reduction in CRP levels (OR = 0.858, p = 0.018). Specifically, garlic intake exhibits the most significant causal relationship with reduced risk of AS (OR = 0.985, p = 0.036) and also causally associated with lower levels of LDL-C and TG. Berry (OR = 0.929, p = 0.010) and potato (OR = 0.957, p = 0.020) intake both display a significant causal negative association with TG levels, while peach/nectarine consumption is significantly associated with reduced CRP levels (OR = 0.913, p = 0.010). This is the first MR study that systemically examined the causality between commonly consumed FVs and AS. Our findings highlight the atheroprotective effects of various FVs, particularly garlic, on cardiovascular health and the importance of tailored nutritional recommendations to prevent AS.

Potato Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Harmonized Analysis of 7 Prospective Cohorts.

Data on the relation of potato consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and inconsistent. It is unclear whether the plant-based diet index (PDI), which is a novel and comprehensive tool to assess overall dietary pattern, modifies the association of potato intake with T2D. We examined the association of total, combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes and fried potatoes with risk of T2D and test the interaction between PDI score and potato consumption on T2D risk. We conducted a de novo, harmonized, individual-level data from 7 United States cohorts (N = 105,531). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) separately in each cohort adjusting for anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle factors and cohort-specific results were pooled using an inverse-variance weighted method. Mean age ranged from 25 to 72 y, 65% women, and mean consumption of total potatoes ranged from 1.9 to 4.3 times per week. In the primary analysis, total potato intake was not associated with T2D risk: multivariable adjusted HR of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 1.08) for consumption of 1-2 servings/wk; 1.01 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.10) for >2-3 servings/wk; 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.12) for >3 to <5 servings/wk; and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.16) for 5+ servings/wk compared with no potato intake. In secondary analyses, consumption of combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes was not associated with T2D risk, whereas fried potato consumption was positively associated with T2D risk: HR were 1 (ref), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12), and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.22) for intake frequency of 0/wk, >0 to 1/wk, and >1/wk, respectively (P-trend = 0.04). There was no significant interaction between PDI score and potato consumption on T2D risk. Although consumption of total potato is not associated with T2D risk, a modest elevated risk of T2D is observed with fried potato consumption.

Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundExisting data on maternal dietary patterns and birth weight remains limited and inconsistent, especially in non-Western populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and birth weight among a cohort of Chinese.MethodsIn this study, 4,184 mother-child pairs were included from the Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort. Maternal diet during pregnancy was evaluated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 69 food items. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Information on birth weight and gestational age was obtained through medical records. Adverse outcomes of birth weight were defined according to standard clinical cutoffs, including low birth weight, macrosomia, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age.ResultsThree maternal dietary patterns were identified: plant-based, animal-based, and processed food and beverage dietary patterns, which explained 23.7% variance in the diet. In the multivariate-adjusted model, women with higher adherence to the plant-based dietary patten had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia (middle tertile vs. low tertile: odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.10; high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.34; P-trend = 0.039). For individual food groups, potato intake showed positive association with macrosomia (high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.20–2.47; P-trend = 0.002). Excluding potatoes from the plant-based dietary pattern attenuated its association with macrosomia risk. No significant associations was observed for the animal-based or processed food and beverage dietary pattern with birth weight outcomes.ConclusionsAdherence to a plant-based diet high in carbohydrate intake was associated with higher macrosomia risk among Chinese women. Future studies are required to replicate these findings and explore the potential mechanisms involved.

Identification of dietary patterns and their relationship with zinc intake in male and female workers

Objectives Deficiency of zinc, an essential trace element in the body, adversely affects taste, wound healing, and immunity. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of male and female workers using factor analysis and clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and zinc intake.Methods The participants were 395 municipal employees (193 men and 202 women) in Northern Kyushu aged 19-71 years. To obtain the dietary intake data, participants were asked to complete a lifestyle and health questionnaire and brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Zn intake was evaluated per 1,000 kcal (mg/1,000 kcal). The values were adjusted for energy using the density method, and multiple regression analysis was performed.Results Three dietary patterns were identified for each participant. Among men, "main and side dish type pattern" characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and low for cereals, "snack type pattern" characterized by higher intakes of sweets and coffee, and "Mediterranean diet pattern" characterized by higher intakes of bread, pasta, fruits, eggs, and milk, and low for miso soup and rice were identified. For women, a "vegetarian diet type pattern" characterized by higher intakes of beans, vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed, "main and side dish type pattern" characterized by low intake of rice, and "dinner-time drinking pattern" characterized by higher intakes of alcoholic beverages were identified. Zinc intake was positively associated with the "main and side dish type pattern" and "Mediterranean diet pattern" in men and "vegetarian diet" and "main and side dish type pattern" in women. Additionally, zinc intake was negatively associated with the "dinner-time drinking pattern" among women.Conclusion Despite adjusting for age, BMI, marriage, occupation, smoking habits, and exercise habits, the "main and side dish type pattern" and "Mediterranean diet pattern" were positively correlated with zinc intake in men and the "vegetarian diet" and "main and side dish type pattern" in women. The data suggest awareness of the dietary patterns that are conducive to ensuring zinc intake.

The association between dietary, physical activity and the DNA methylation of PPARGC1A, HLA-DQA1 and ADCY3 in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nest case-control study

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with DNA methylation and lifestyle. The effects of DNA methylation on GDM, and the interaction between DNA methylation and lifestyle factors are not well elucidated. The objective of this study was to explore the association between GDM, DNA methylation and lifestyle factors.MethodsA nest case-control design was performed. Sociodemographic data, dietary intake and daily physical activity information of pregnant women were collected. Bisulfate pyrosequencing was used to detect the DNA methylation level of PPARGC1A, HLA-DQA1, and ADCY3 genes. The differences of DNA methylation levels between the GDM group and the control group were compared. The correlation between clinical characteristics, dietary, physical activity and DNA methylation level was analyzed.ResultsA total of 253 pregnant women were enrolled, of which, 60 participants (GDM: 30; control: 30) were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences in DNA methylation levels of six methylated sites between the two groups in this study (P > 0.05). Daily intake of potato and poultry were associated with DNA methylation level of the CpG 1 site of the ADCY3 gene in all participants and the control group (P < 0.05). Duration of folic acid intake before pregnancy was correlated with the methylation level of the CpG 1 site of the ADCY3 gene in all participants (r = 0.341, P = 0.04) and the control group (r = 0.431, P = 0.025). Daily oil intake was correlated with the methylation level of CpG 2 (r = 0.627, P = 0.016) and CpG 3 (r = 0.563, P = 0.036) of PPARGC1A in the GDM group.ConclusionThe association between the DNA methylation levels and GDM wasn’t validated. There were associations between dietary and DNA methylation in pregnant women. A large-sample-sized and longitudinal study is warranted to further investigate the impacts of lifestyle on DNA methylation.

The effects of specific vegetable subtypes on constipation incidence in the general United States population.

While the intake of larger quantities of vegetables has been linked to a reduction in constipation risk, which vegetables in particular underlie this risk reduction remains incompletely understood. As such, the present study was developed to explore correlations between the intake of particular vegetable types and the risk of constipation. This cross-sectional analysis was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from 2005-2010. Classifications and intake assessments for different vegetables were assessed with the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED), while stool frequency or stool consistency was used to define constipation. Relationships between the intake of particular vegetable components and constipation were assessed through a weighted logistic regression approach. Subgroup and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were further employed to explore associations between specific vegetable subtypes and constipation. This study included 13,860 eligible subjects, of whom 1,405 and 12,455 were respectively classified into the constipated and non-constipated groups. Following multivariate adjustment, the intake of non-starchy vegetables including orange, red, dark green, and other vegetables was found to be positively associated with a reduction in constipation risk. In contrast, constipation was unrelated to total starchy vegetable or potato intake. Tomatoes, in particular, were associated with a marked decrease in constipation risk (odds ratios: 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.91). These results were confirmed through RCS and subgroup analyses. Non-starchy vegetables, particularly tomatoes, were found to be associated with a pronounced reduction in constipation risk, which was unaffected by the intake of potatoes or starchy vegetables.

Total and Type of Potato Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three US Cohort Studies and Substitution Meta-Analysis

Total and Type of Potato Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three US Cohort Studies and Substitution Meta-Analysis

White Potato Intake and Dietary Patterns With White Potatoes Prepared by Various Methods Have Variable Associations With Diet Quality in Adults With and Without Diabetes

White Potato Intake and Dietary Patterns With White Potatoes Prepared by Various Methods Have Variable Associations With Diet Quality in Adults With and Without Diabetes

Relationship between Household Shared Meal Frequency and Dietary Intake among Men and Women Aged ≥20 Years: Cross-Sectional Analyses Based on 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the frequency of household shared meals and the intake of 17 food groups and 21 nutrients. Participants were 3310 men and 3386 women ≥20 years old living in a household of ≥2 members from 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. A one-day household dietary record was used to classify an individual's shared meal frequency and dietary intake. A shared meal is defined as an eating occasion (i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner) where ≥1 food item-other than sugars, fats and oils, beverages, and condiments-was recorded with an assigned approximated shared proportion. The shared meal frequency for each individual was classified into one of four categories: 0, 1, 2, and 3 times/day. Dietary intake was compared across the shared meal categories adjusted for age, occupation, household size, meal skipping, snacking, residential areas, and within-household correlations. Both men and women who had more frequent shared meals showed higher intakes of potatoes, vegetables, mushrooms, and condiments but less confectioneries and beverages. A higher shared meal frequency was also related to a higher intake of many (12/21) nutrients (e.g., protein, dietary fiber, and potassium). However, in women, there was a positive association between shared meal frequency and sodium intake. A higher frequency of household shared meals may be related to a more favorable dietary intake; except for concerns about sodium intake in women.

Associations of vegetable and potato intakes with markers of type 2 diabetes risk in the AusDiab cohort.

The associations of vegetable and potato intakes with type 2 diabetes (T2D) appear to be nuanced, depending on vegetable types and preparation method, respectively. We investigated the associations of total vegetable, vegetable subgroup, and potato intakes with 1) markers of T2D at baseline and 2) incident T2D cumulative over a 12-year follow-up period in Australian adults. Using data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, intakes of vegetables and potatoes were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Associations between vegetable intake and 1) fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour post load plasma glucose (PLG), updated homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA2-%β), HOMA2 of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), and fasting insulin levels at baseline and 2) cumulative incident T2D at the end of 12-year follow-up were examined using generalized linear and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. In total, 8,009 participants were included having median age of 52 years, and vegetable intake of 132 g/day. Higher intake of total vegetable, green leafy, yellow/orange/red, and moderate intakes of cruciferous vegetables was associated with lower PLG. Additionally, higher green leafy vegetable intake was associated with lower HOMA2-%β and serum insulin. Conversely, higher potato fries/chips intakes were associated with higher FPG, HOMA2-%β, serum insulin, and lower HOMA2-%S. Participants with moderate cruciferous vegetables intake had a 25% lower risk of T2D at the end of 12 years follow-up. A higher intake of vegetables, particularly green leafy vegetables, may improve while consuming potato fries/chips, but not potatoes prepared in a healthy way, may worsen glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Our findings suggest a nuanced relationship between vegetable subgroups and their impact on glucose tolerance.

Abstract P315: Consumption of Potatoes and Risk of Hypertension: A Pooled Analysis of US Cohorts

Background: Limited and inconsistent observational data are available on the association of potato consumption with risk of hypertension. Objective: To test the hypothesis that consumption of total; combined baked, boiled, and mashed; and fried potatoes is associated with incidence of hypertension and that dietary pattern (assessed using the plant-based diet index [PDI]) modifies such association. Methods: We pooled and analyzed harmonized, individual-level data from 5 US cohorts (n=67,146). Frequency of baked, boiled, mashed, and fried potato consumption during the previous year was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios separately in each cohort adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, trans fats, and PDI score. We then pooled cohort-specific results using an inverse-variance weighted method to estimate summary relative risks. Results: Mean age ranged from 25 to 72 years and median total potato consumption ranged from 1.2 to 3.2 times per week across the cohorts. During the follow up, 31,546 new cases of hypertension occurred. Total potato consumption was not associated with the risk of hypertension: adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.00 (ref), 1.01(0.96-1.05), 1.01(0.96-1.05), 1.04(1.00-1.08), and 1.04(0.99-1.08) for total potato intake of 0; 1-2; &gt;2 to &lt;3; 3-&lt;5; and 5+ times per week, respectively. HR (95% CI) for combined baked, boiled, and mashed potato consumption were 1.0 (ref), 1.00 (0.97-1.04), 1.02 (0.98-1.05), and 1.02(0.98-1.07) for intake of 0, 1-2; &gt;2 to &lt;3; and 3+ times/week, respectively. In contrast, intake of fried potatoes was positively associated with hypertension risk (figure). There was no significant interaction between PDI score and potato consumption on HTN risk. Conclusions: Our pooled analysis showed a positive association between fried, but not combined baked, boiled, and mashed, potatoes and incidence of hypertension.

Evaluating the dietary quality of 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City in 2023

To evaluate the dietary quality of the rural elderly aged 65 years and above. In February-March 2023, a convenience sampling method was adopted to select 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in a township of Luzhou City. The dietary survey was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ-25), and the questionnaire information was collected by face-to-face interviews. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index-16(DBI-16) score. The proportion of older people in the region with moderate and high dietary imbalances was 79.7%. Inadequate and excessive dietary intake coexisted. The average daily intake of cereals and potatoes and livestock and meat foods were 356.7 g and 76.2 g, exceeding the recommended intake. The average daily intake of fruit, milk and fish and shrimp intake was 22.8 g, 36 g and 3.7 g, respectively, which was only 10% of the recommended amount, and the intake was seriously insufficient. In addition, the degree of food diversity is relatively low, with most of the average daily intake of food types ranging from five to eight, and only 4.6% of the elderly having more than eight. A total of seven dietary patterns were found among the rural elderly in the region, including a certain degree of under-consumption pattern, a severe under-consumption pattern, a certain degree of over-consumption pattern, and a pattern of both under-consumption and over-consumption. That was dominated by the pattern of severe underconsumption and the pattern of some degree of underconsumption and higher degree of overconsumption, which accounted for 72.3% of the total. The rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City have a serious dietary imbalance, with a high proportion of insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk, as well as aquatic products and eggs; and excessive intake of livestock, poultry, meat and cereals and potatoes.

Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with vitiligo.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with acquired depigmentation. Dietary habits may modulate the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We evaluated dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, and compared their results with those of age- and sex-matched controls. We also examined the relationship between dietary habits and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), or vitiligo on different anatomical sites. The intakes of energy, nutrients, and foods in the participants were analyzed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Patients with vitiligo showed higher body mass index (BMI) and lower intakes of manganese, vitamin D, pulses, and confection, compared with controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitiligo was associated with high BMI. VASI was higher in males than in females, and negatively correlated with age or intakes of potatoes and vegetables other than green/yellow vegetables. Linear multivariate regression analysis showed that high VASI was associated with younger age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe vitiligo (VASI ≥ 4.25) was associated with male sex and longer disease duration. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the following association with vitiligo on respective anatomical sites: high intake of eggs and dairy products and high VASI on the head or neck, high intake of oils and fats and high VASI on the trunk, high intake of cereals and high VASI on the upper limbs, male sex and high VASI on the lower limbs, and high BMI and high VASI on the hands or feet. In conclusion, the control of obesity might have prophylactic or therapeutic effects on vitiligo.

Diversities and sustainability of dietary water footprint and virtual water flows in China

Increasing dietary diversity while avoiding additional stress on water resources remains a critical challenge for sustainability. However, the precise understanding of the physical water consumption and virtual water flows associated with diversified diets remains unclear. This study estimated the dietary water footprints (WFs), interprovincial virtual water flows, followed by assessing the unsustainable blue WF and water scarcity footprint (WSF) in China over 2015–2019. Rural and urban food intake, waste, and differences between eating at home and out were considered. The findings reveal that China’s dietary patterns have gradually strayed from recommended guidelines, with an overconsumption of cereals and inadequate intake of dairy products and potatoes. Despite a decrease, both unsustainable blue WF and WSF remained significant, measuring 249.61 Gm3 and 807.77 Gm3 H2O-eq, respectively, in 2019. Notably, water-scarce regions still accounted for a substantial portion of unsustainable virtual blue water exports. The diet related virtual water reallocation can offset the water savings on the crop production side.

Association between dietary pattern and frailty among people aged 50 years and over in Shanghai

Objective: To investigate dietary patterns of individuals aged ≥50 in Shanghai and analyze their association with frailty. Methods: Using data from the third wave of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai conducted between 2018 and 2019. We collected the frequency and average intake of food by the food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and a frailty index was constructed using the ratio of the cumulative total score of health deficits to 35 health-related variables considered. We used an ordinal multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between dietary patterns and frailty. Results: A total of 3 274 participants aged (67.9±9.2) years were included in the study, including 1 971 (60.2%) men and 1 303 (39.8%) women. We extracted four dietary patterns: high-protein-nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, poultry-meat pattern, and high-oil-salt pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors, the logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high-oil-salt pattern, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively associated with the risk of higher frailty (OR=0.743, 95%CI: 0.580-0.951). We did not find an association between dietary patterns and frailty between the different gender groups. In the age group 50-64, the high-protein-nuts and potato-bean-vegetable-fruit patterns were negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern. In the low-level physical activity group, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern (OR=0.509, 95%CI: 0.361-0.720). However, we found no significant effect of the high-protein nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, and poultry-meat pattern on the risk of higher frailty compared to the high-oil-salt pattern in the moderate to high level of physical activity group. Conclusions: Compared to the high-oil-salt pattern, dietary patterns with a higher intake of high-protein nuts, potatoes, legumes, and fruits and vegetables might be associated with a lower risk of higher frailty in residents aged 50-64 years of age than with a high oil and salt pattern. At the same time, it may have a more significant protective effect in people with lower physical activity levels. It is suggested that a diet rich in high-protein foods, nuts, potatoes, beans, vegetables, and fruits may help reduce and delay the risk of frailty.

Association of gestational metabolic syndrome with the Chinese Healthy Eating Index in mid-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the relationship between gestational metabolic syndrome (GMS) and the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) in mid-pregnancy, and to identify potentially beneficial or high-risk dietary habits. We have developed a mid-pregnancy version of CHEI-2022, adapting the Chinese Healthy Eating Index to align with the food quantity recommendations outlined in the 2022 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents for mid-pregnancy.MethodsUsing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from 2411 mid-pregnant individuals were collected through interviews. The Total CHEI score and its component scores were determined through analysis of responses from the food frequency questionnaire. GMS diagnosis involved conducting physical examinations and performing blood biochemical tests. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between GMS or related indices and both the total CHEI score and its component scores.ResultsThe study identified an overall GMS prevalence of 21.65% (522 out of 2411 participants). During mid-pregnancy, participants diagnosed with GMS exhibited higher BMI, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, TC, TG, HDL, SBP, as well as higher educational levels and daily activity, compared to those without GMS (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with higher total CHEI scores (≥ 80) were found to have lower odds of GMS or related indices (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary intake of potatoes, whole grains, beans, dark green vegetables, and fruits, as per the CHEI recommendations, was associated with reduced odds of GMS or related indices (P < 0.05).ConclusionA high-quality diet, as indicated by a total CHEI score of 80 or higher, and increased consumption of specific dietary components, namely potatoes, beans, dark green vegetables, and fruits, were found to effectively reduce the odds of GMS or related indices during mid-pregnancy.

Dietary intake and visceral adiposity in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype study.

There are established links between the accumulation of body fat as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of developing obesity-associated metabolic disease. Previous studies have suggested that levels of intake of specific foods and nutrients are associated with VAT accumulation after accounting for total energy intake. This study assessed associations between a priori selected dietary factors on VAT quantified using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. The cross-sectional Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study included n=395 White, n=274 Black, n=269 Native Hawaiian, n=425 Japanese American and n=358 Latino participants (mean age=69years±3 SD). Participants were enrolled stratified on sex, race, ethnicity and body mass index. General linear models were used to estimate the mean VAT area (cm2) for participants categorized into quartiles based on their dietary intake of selected foods/nutrients adjusting for age, sex, racial and ethnic groups, the total percentage fat from whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and total energy. There were significant inverse associations with VAT for dietary intake of total vegetables, total fruits (including juice), cereals, whole grains, calcium, copper and dietary fiber (p-trend ≤0.04). Positive trends were observed for VAT for participants who reported higher intake of potatoes, total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p-trend ≤0.02). Foods/nutrients that met the multiple testing significance threshold were total fruits, whole grains, copper, dietary fiber and SFA intake. These results highlight foods and nutrients including SFA, total fruit, whole grains, fiber and copper as potential candidates for future research to inform dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease among older adults.

Comparison of food and nutrient intake according to the presence of glaucoma among Korean older adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake according to the presence of glaucoma among Korean individuals aged 60 yrs or older and to establish evidence for the necessity of dietary habits and nutritional management in the prevention and management of glaucoma. The study was conducted on 4,195 older adults aged 60 or older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017 and 2018. The subjects were classified into glaucoma (n = 186) and non-glaucoma (n = 4,009) groups based on the doctor's diagnosis of glaucoma. Nutrient intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method, and the intake of nutrients between the 2 groups was compared. The comparison of food group and nutrient intake according to the subjects' prevalence of glaucoma showed that the average intake of potatoes and starches was higher in the glaucoma group than in the non-glaucoma group (P = 0.049), whereas the average intake of meat, fish, and shellfish was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group (P = 0.045, P = 0.018). Additionally, the average intake of omega-3 and vitamin C was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group (P = 0.022, P = 0.045), while the average intake of niacin was higher in the glaucoma group than in the non-glaucoma group (P = 0.046). The intake of meats, fish, and shellfish, omega-3, and vitamin C was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group. These results suggest that a healthy diet might be necessary for the prevention and management of glaucoma.