Potassium Iodide Research Articles

Iodine Accumulation and Distribution in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Iodine is a critical trace element necessary for human and animal health owing to its role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Despite its importance, iodine deficiency remains a global health concern. Traditional methods to address this issue, such as salt iodization, face challenges like iodine loss during storage and cooking. The biofortification of plants, particularly carrots, offers a promising alternative. This study investigates iodine accumulation and distribution in carrots biofortified with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) using single extraction at elevated temperatures with tetramethylammonium hydroxide followed by iodine determination by ICP-MS. Results show that iodine biofortification significantly increases the iodine content of various parts of the carrot, especially the leaves and the root peels. Carrots treated with iodate accumulate 2.7 times more iodine than those treated with iodide. The leaves exhibit the highest iodine content, particularly in iodate-treated plants, where levels can be over 24 times higher than those of control carrots. Root peel and roots also accumulate substantial amounts of iodine, with the iodate treatment resulting in 5.42 mg·kg−1 and 3.75 mg·kg−1 dry weight, respectively. The potential application of biofortified carrots can help meet human dietary iodine requirements; additionally, iodine-rich carrot leaves as livestock feed offer a sustainable approach to increasing the iodine intake in animals.

Advancing Flow Batteries: High Energy Density and Ultra‐Fast Charging via Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal

AbstractGlobal climate change necessitates urgent carbon neutrality. Energy storage is crucial in this effort, but adoption is hindered by current battery technologies due to low energy density, slow charging, and safety issues. A novel liquid metal flow battery using a gallium, indium, and zinc alloy (Ga80In10Zn10, wt.%) is introduced in an alkaline electrolyte with an air electrode. This system offers ultrafast charging comparable to gasoline refueling (<5 min) as demonstrated in the repeated long‐term discharging (123 h) process of 317 mAh capacity at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an average voltage of 1.1 V. A high practical capacity density of 635.1 mAh g−1 is achieved in this brand‐new battery with a potential theoretical value of 1004.4 mAh g−1. Microscopic and numerical simulations reveal significant hydrogen evolution reaction and dendrite suppression compared to Zn and pure Ga electrodes. The potassium iodide (KI)‐modified Ga80In10Zn10‐air battery exhibits a reduced charging voltage of 1.77 V and high energy efficiency of 57% at 10 mA cm−2 over 800 cycles, outperforming conventional Pt/C and Ir/C‐based systems with 22% improvement. This innovative battery addresses the limitations of traditional lithium‐ion batteries, flow batteries, and Zn‐air batteries, contributing advanced energy storage technologies to global carbon neutrality.

Antimicrobial effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentine caries of permanent teeth: A Systematic review

Background Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is recognized for its potent antibacterial properties and is commonly used in dentistry to treat carious lesions. This review aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of SDF on dentine caries in permanent teeth. The objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature to assess the efficacy of SDF in combating cariogenic flora within dentin lesions. Materials and Methods A systematic electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases to identify relevant studies published between January 2010 and September 2022. The search strategy focused on retrieving in vitro and in vivo studies assessing the antimicrobial effect of SDF on dentinal caries. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that compared SDF with other antimicrobial agents, such as sodium fluoride varnish, potassium iodide, silver nitrate, chlorhexidine, plasma jet, and deionized water. The Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool was employed to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of seven in vitro and in situ studies investigating the antimicrobial effect of SDF on dentinal caries, and two in vitro and in vivo studies examining its antibacterial effect on root caries. These studies collectively demonstrated the promising antimicrobial potential of SDF against cariogenic flora present in dentin lesions. However, variations in study design, methodology, and outcome measures were observed across the included studies. Conclusion The review underscores the significant antimicrobial efficacy of SDF in combating cariogenic bacteria within dentin lesions of permanent teeth. Despite the promising findings, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the precise characteristics and mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial action of SDF, particularly concerning nano-silver. Future research, including long-term clinical trials, is warranted to elucidate optimal dosage regimens and therapeutic approaches for the routine application of SDF in managing dental caries.

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with potassium iodide and methylene blue: targeting oral biofilm viability.

The study aimed to assess the impact of combining potassium iodide (KI) with methylene blue (MB) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) within an oral biofilm formed in situ. A single-phase, 14days in situ study involved 21 volunteers, who wore a palatal appliance with 8 bovine dentin slabs. These slabs were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution 8 times a day, simulating a high cariogenic challenge. Following the intraoral phase, the biofilms formed on the slabs were randomly assigned to the treatments: C (0.9% NaCl); CHX (0.2% chlorhexidine); KI (75mM KI); MBKI (0.005% MB + 75mM KI); L (0.9% NaCl + red laser 660nm, 18J, 180s); LMB (0.005% MB + laser); LKI (75mM KI + laser); LMBKI (0.005% MB + 75mM KI + laser). The treated biofilms were collected, diluted, and incubated to assess cell viability (CFU/mL) for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci. Data were subjected to analysis using the Friedman test, followed by the Dunn test (α = 0.05). LMBKI group exhibited a noteworthy decrease in the viability of all microorganisms in comparison to groups C, KI, MBKI, MB, L, LMB, and LKI (p < 0.0001), and demonstrated a comparable reduction to the CHX group (p > 0.99). The combination of KI with MB in aPDT may be advocated as a non-invasive technique for diminishing the viability of polymicrobial oral biofilms, thereby aiding in the management of dental diseases.

In-silico based Designing of benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents.

Benzo[d]thiazoles represent a significant class of heterocyclic compounds renowned for their diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. This molecular scaffold holds substantial interest among medicinal chemists owing to its structural versatility and therapeutic potential. Incorporating the benzo[d]thiazole moiety into drug molecules has been extensively investigated as a strategy to craft novel therapeutics with heightened efficacy and minimized adverse effects. The aim of the present research work was to design, synthesize and characterize the new benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives as potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The synthesis of the presented benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives was performed by condensing-(4-chlorobenzylidene) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine with a number of substituted phenols in the presence of potassium iodide and anhydrous potassium carbonate in dry acetone. IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, 13CNMR spectroscopy and Mass spectroscopy methods were used to characterize the structural properties of all 13 newly synthesized derivatives. The molecular properties of these newly synthesized derivatives were estimated to study the attributes of drug-like candidates. Benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives were molecularly docked with selective enzymes COX-1 and COX-2. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated by using albino rats. Findings of the research suggested that compounds G3, G4, G6, G8 and G11 possess higher binding affinity than diclofenac sodium, when docking was performed with enzyme COX-1. Compounds G1, G3, G6, G8 and G10 showed lower binding affinity than Indomethacin when docking was performed with enzyme COX-2. In vitro evaluation of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities was performed for synthesized compounds. Compounds G10 and G11 exhibited significant COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory action with an IC50 value of 5.0 and 10 μM, respectively. Using the hot plate method and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, the synthesized compounds were screened for their biological activities, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Highest analgesic action was exhibited by derivative G11 and the compound G10 showed the highest anti-inflammatory response. Inhibition of COX may be considered as a mechanism of action of these compounds. It was concluded that synthesized derivatives G10 and G11 exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect; therefore, the said compounds may be subjected to further clinical investigation for establishing these as future compounds for the treatment of pain and inflammation.

Study of the stability of iodine during cooking and storage of salts produced from Palmaceae branches

Palmaceae salts, from a previous study, do not contain iodine. The addition of iodine having to respect very precise rules, a study of their iodization as well as the behaviour of the iodine within them was essential. Thus, palm and coconut branches salts were iodized using two types of dietary iodine: potassium iodate and potassium iodide. Subsequently, their abilities to maintain high iodine levels during storage, package in glass jars and in plastic bags, has been tested in market and laboratory conditions. The stability of iodine during cooking was also studied. The study shows that the biggest losses were recorded for salts bagged and kept at the market. These losses go up to 3% after 3 months of storage. However, regarding glass jars, the loss rates do not exceed 1%, whatever the conservation conditions. Furthermore, cooking does not constitute a factor in the loss of iodine in plant salts. Indeed, at maximum cooking times and temperatures, the loss rates observed were not the highest. Fluctuations in this case could be related to sampling and assay techniques. Ultimately, plant salts proposed for the diet of people following low-salt diets can also serve as a means of supplementing iodine.

Silica nanoparticles@folic acid (SNPs@FA) nanocomposite for the effective removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution: insight into physicochemical properties, adsorption modelling, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations

ABSTRACT This study involved the preparation and utilisation of silica nanoparticles functionalised with folic acid (SNPs@FA) nanocomposite in the adsorptive removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions before its spectrometric analysis. Different characterisation techniques were employed to comprehensively assess the different physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbent, such as elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, BET, and pHpzc. Investigations were conducted into the variables influencing the adsorption process, such as pH, contact duration, adsorbent dosage, and Hg(II) concentration. It was found that a pH of 7 was ideal, while adsorption equilibration took 80 min. The Langmuir model suited the experimental data well, and 129.03 mg/g of Hg(II) was the maximum adsorption capacity. The kinetic data obtained from the experiments exhibited a remarkable alignment with the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the computed thermodynamic characteristics provided compelling evidence that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The recommended process was effectively used to recover Hg(II) that had been added to some real water samples. The regeneration investigation using potassium iodide demonstrated the remarkable regenerative power of the manufactured adsorbent. Finally, the obtained results in this work showed that silica nanoparticles@folic acid nanocomposite is a very efficient and environmentally safe adsorbent and can be used for cleaning mercury-contaminated water.

Treatment of mycotic rhinitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus in a quarter horse mare using topical clotrimazole and oral potassium iodide.

Fungal rhinitis in horses is rare, although severe, due to the progressive nasal obstruction. Aspergillus is one of the fungi most often involved in these cases. A 7-year-old Quarter Horse mare weighing 325kg was admitted with a history of recurrent nasal discharge and bleeding, foul smell, reluctance to exercise, and abortion. Laboratory and imaging examinations revealed eosinophilia, scarring and erosion areas in the nasal mucosa, purulent and bloody secretions, and remarkable yellowish plaques. Histopathological examination revealed fungal rhinitis and bacterial culture revealed the presence of β-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus sp. Fungal culture and molecular diagnosis confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus as the etiological agent. A tracheostomy was necessary due to the patient's dyspnea. For the treatment, topical application of clotrimazole ointment was carried out in the rostral portion of the nasal cavity once a day and in the caudal portion of the nasal cavity, endoscopic guided every 48h. In the fifth endoscopy-guided application, a significant improvement was noticed; however, the animal exhibited a hypersensitivity reaction, and the treatment was discontinued. Thus, potassium iodide therapy was initiated (67mg/kg, PO, SID, 14 days). The patient demonstrated favorable clinical improvement, achieved resolution of the fungal infection, and was discharged after 25 days of hospitalization. Topical clotrimazole demonstrated a probable efficacy as a standalone treatment, although its use had to be prematurely discontinued due to the emergence of a hypersensitivity reaction. The combination of clotrimazole and potassium iodide effectively treated fungal rhinitis in a shorter time than previously reported. This report provides useful guidance for other cases of fungal rhinitis, although further studies are needed.

Follicular Cell Hyperplasia (Goitre), Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Thyroid Gland in Fourlined Terapon (Pelates quadrilineatus): Clinical and Histopathological Study: 2022-2023.

Thyroid disorders can manifest in several forms, including follicular cell hyperplasia (goitre), follicular cell adenoma and follicular cell carcinoma. Following the detection of large and gradually increasing tumour-like masses in the gular region of wild fourlined terapons (Pelates quadrilineatus) housed in various tanks in a public aquarium in June 2022, September 2022 and October 2023, several fish displaying clinical signs were transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. Upon clinical inspection, the fish had prominent tumour-like masses in the gular area, located beneath the operculum. Upon histological examination of the first series, the masses revealed thyroid well-differentiated hyperplastic follicles that contained colloid and were lined by cuboidal epithelial cells. There were no signs of cellular atypia or mitotic figures. The study of the second series also revealed the existence of cellular atypia, but still no mitotic figures. In the examination of the third series, apart from the earlier lesions, there was evidence of neoplastic cell invasion into adjacent structures such as the adipose tissue and subepithelial layer. In addition, there was moderate cellular pleomorphism and a limited number of mitotic figures. Although the termination of water ozonation and the addition of potassium iodide to the feed were effective in treating thyroid hyperplasia, the treatment for thyroid neoplasia was not successful. The present study provides the evidence of clinical and histopathological findings of follicular cell hyperplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland in fourlined terapon.

Inline Detection of Citrus Rind Micro-wounds Using Contrast-enhanced X- ray Imaging: a Feasibility Study

Decay management is crucial in the citrus industry due to the rapid spread of infections through wounds. Despite the urgency, effective methodologies for screening citrus rind micro-wounds are lacking. This study presents a preliminary investigation into real-time detection of citrus rind micro-wounds using contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging. This method highlights and magnifies rind wounds in X-ray images. The process involves immersing fruit in a contrast solution, capturing three sequential X-ray images, and then washing off residual contrast.Satsuma mandarins were used, with potassium iodide (KI) as the contrast agent duo to its distinct contrast properties on rind wounds coupled with high safety levels. A Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model with multi-head attention mechanisms was developed, achieving a detection accuracy of 97.19 %. Post-radiography assessments showed minimal effects on the fruit’s external appearance and internal quality, though a slight weight loss was observed. These results demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness in detecting citrus rind micro-wounds, offering a promising approach for enhancing decay management in the citrus industry.

Biochemical and Structural Characterisation of a Bacterial Lactoperoxidase.

Peroxidases belong to a group of enzymes that are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms. These enzymes are effective biocatalysts for a wide range of oxidations on various substrates. This work presents a biochemical and structural characterization of a novel heme-containing peroxidase from Cyanobacterium sp. TDX16, CyanoPOX. This cyanobacterial enzyme was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble, heme-containing monomeric enzyme. Although CyanoPOX shares relatively low sequence identity (37%) with bovine lactoperoxidase, it displays comparable biochemical properties. CyanoPOX is most stable and active in slightly acidic conditions (pH 6-6.5) and moderately thermostable (melting temperature around 48 °C). Several compounds that are typical substrates for mammalian lactoperoxidases were tested to establish the catalytic potential of CyanoPOX. Potassium iodide showed the highest catalytic efficiency (126 mM-1s-1), while various aromatic compounds were also readily converted. Structural elucidation of CyanoPOX confirmed the presence of a non-covalently bound b-type heme cofactor that is situated in the central core of the protein. Except for a highly similar overall structure, CyanoPOX also has a conserved active site pocket when compared with mammalian lactoperoxidases. Due to its catalytic properties and high expression in a bacterial host, this newly discovered peroxidase shows promise for applications.

Nodular Vasculitis: Retrospective Study of an Uncommon Disease in a Non-Tuberculosis Endemic Country with Focus on Treatment Modalities and Efficacy

Introduction: Nodular vasculitis (NV) is a rare form of panniculitis primarily affecting middle-aged females, presenting as painful, sometimes ulcerated nodules on the dorsal lower legs. Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is a form of NV and is considered a manifestation of cutaneous tuberculin hypersensitivity. This retrospective study aims to analyze demographics, clinicopathological findings, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes of NV in a non-TB endemic country. Methods: Data of NV patients were extracted from the electronic hospital database of the University Hospital Zurich. Patients were included only if histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NV and sufficient information on demographics, treatment, and follow-up were available. Results: We conducted a 20-year retrospective study, including 62 patients with NV. The most common site of involvement was the lower extremities. Disease duration varied from several months to over 20 years. Histopathological examination revealed lobular panniculitis, with or without vasculitis, and granuloma formation. Tuberculosis association was assessed through the QuantiFERON test and mycobacteria PCR, showing positive results in 22 or 37 (59%) tested cases and in 2 out of 27 cases (7.4%), respectively. Comorbidities were found in over half of the patients. Treatment modalities included topical corticosteroids, antitubercular therapy, systemic steroids, and potassium iodide. Almost 50% of all patients experienced relapses despite treatment. Conclusion: Topical steroids, antitubercular therapy, systemic steroids, and potassium iodide showed similar response rates. Tuberculostatic therapy upon detecting latent TB is recommended. Considering the high recurrence rate and potential side effects of systemic therapies, we recommend first-line treatment with potent topical steroids and compression stockings.

Cationic photosensitizers and potassium iodide: an innovative approach for enhanced photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry, accounting for more than half of the worldwide fish production. However, this sector is often affected by bacterial infections, threatening farmed animals and consumer safety. This study explored the potential of Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) as an innovative antimicrobial approach for the inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria relevant to the aquaculture sector: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, and Escherichia coli. The experiments were conducted in the presence of the cationic photosensitizers (PSs) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and methylene blue (MB). For V. parahaemolyticus, the protocol was extended to the neutral and anionic PSs curcumin (CUR), chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (Ce6Me), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4). The assays were performed in the absence or presence of potassium iodide, well-known to improve PDI effect, while its potential for aquaculture application is yet to be studied. These evaluations were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in artificial seawater (ASW) to simulate aquaculture water disinfection. The cationic PSs TMPyP and MB were the most efficient in the bacterial inactivation. Although higher concentrations of PS were required to achieve effective bacterial inactivation in ASW compared to PBS, the application of KI enhanced the effectiveness of all PSs, reducing the treatment time at least by threefold. The bacterial inactivation profiles revealed higher susceptibility of Vibrionaceae bacteria which may be linked to the differential PDI impact on the outer cell membranes of these bacteria. These findings indicate that treatments with PSs, particularly TMPyP and MB, in combination with KI constitute a potential approach for bacteria control in the aquaculture sector.

Photodynamic inactivation strategies for maximizing antifungal effect against Sporothrix spp. and Candida albicans in an in vitro investigation.

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp., leading to skin lesions that can, in some cases, progress and result in the death of infected individuals. Candida albicans is another fungus involved in several skin, oral, and vaginal mucosal infections. Fungal diseases are concerning due to increasing incidence and the limited variety of antifungal classes available for treatment. Furthermore, antifungal medications can cause various side effects, exacerbated by their prolonged use during infection treatment. There is a need to explore alternatives to conventional drugs that are effective, fast, and safe in combating sporotrichosis. This study aimed to achieve in vitro elimination of the fungi Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii through Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI), using curcumin as a photosensitizer and in combination with antifungal agents used in the treatment of sporotrichosis. Yeasts of Candida albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix schenckii were subjected to Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) using light at a wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm, irradiance of 35 mW/cm2, delivering a fluence of 31.5 J/cm2, with curcumin as the photosensitizer at doses ranging from 0.75 to 150 μg/mL. After determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drugs itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide, sub-MIC doses of these antifungals were combined with sub-MIC doses of curcumin in a new PDI session. Photodynamic inactivation is a promising technique in the treatment of sporotrichosis, as well as its combination with antifungals. The combination of curcumin in concentrations ranging from 0.75 g/mL a 7.5 g/mL with sub-MIC concentrations of itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide was able to completely inactivate the fungi C. albicans, S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, indicating that PDI may increase the effectiveness of antifungals. However, further studies are needed to establish protocols for future clinical applications.

Ensuring Iodine Adequacy in Pregnant and Lactating Vegan Women

As a component of thyroid hormones, iodine is essential for brain development in the fetus and in young children. Some evidence suggests that pregnant and lactating women who consume a vegan diet may be at risk for iodine deficiency. Iodine sources for vegans include supplements, iodized salt, and seaweed. However, because the iodine content of seaweed is variable, with some types providing amounts that may lead to excessive intake, recommendations for consumption of these foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be specific regarding types and amounts. Pregnant and lactating women who choose a vegan diet should include a supplement of potassium iodide in their diet and should follow advice about the types of seaweed to avoid or limit.

Hydrogen sulphide inhibition in cattle slurry by use of an oxygen based slurry amendment

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a malodorous gas that is produced in anaerobic environments where sulphur containing matter is present. Globally, farms in which liquid manure/slurry is stored is a source of H2S which can lead to many acute and chronic health problems and even death. Farming is one of the most dangerous professions globally and reducing the risk of sulphide poisoning on farms will help ensure a safer work environment. The inhibition of H2S production from cattle slurry may also reduce air pollution. In this study, a series of slurry storage experiments were conducted. The first experiment treated 20 L of cattle slurry bi-monthly using a mix of hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide as well as calcium chloride, while the second experiment treated 660 L in which the same treatments and schedule were used. A small-scale storage trial was carried out over 29 days in which slurry was treated as before and sulphate concentrations were measured repeatedly. A maximum inhibition of H2S concentrations of 87 % and 81 % was recorded from the 20 L and the 660 L storage experiments, respectively. The treatment did not affect sulphate concentrations in slurry which are critical for plant growth.

A novel corrosion inhibitor for copper in sulfuric acid media: Complexation of iodide ions with Benincasa Hispida leaf extract

In the context of green and low-carbon development, the rapid development of industry brings the problem of metal corrosion costs increase, metal corrosion protection methods are of great concern. Extracts from Benincasa hispida leaves (BHLE), which were obtained through pressurised liquid extraction, were employed as a inhibitor for copper corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4. Their composition and anti-corrosion properties were subsequently analyzed and evaluated. The electrochemical analysis results indicated that BHLE functions as a cathodic-type corrosion inhibitor. The anti-corrosion performance intensifies with the increase in concentration but diminishes gradually as the temperature rises, when the concentration of BHLE is 400 mg/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency can reach 91.82 %, when the concentration of added potassium iodide reaches 16 mg/L the slow-release efficiency of the compounded corrosion inhibitor reaches 96.92 %. The addition of I− strengthens the inhibition efficiency through the adsorption form dominated by competitive adsorption. The adsorption of BHLE onto the surface of copper follows the Langmuir monolayer adsorption model.

Effect of cadmium sulphide on poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) based electrolyte nanocomposite and its application in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC)

The detail study of structural and ionic conductivity characterization of Poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) based polymer composite electrolyte were modified by the incorporation of Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanomaterial. PEMA in addition with 40 % wt. potassium iodide (KI) and ethylene carbonate (EC) having 60 % wt., has the highest ionic conductivity of 4.65 × 10−5 S/cm when employed the solution casting technique. Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) was incorporated with PEMA + KI 40 % wt. + EC 60 % wt. sample to get maximum conductivity sample. The highest ionic conductivity 2.65×10−3S/cm, was attained at 7 % weight percentage of Cadmium sulphide (CdS). The conductive sample's morphology was examined using SEM, its amorphicity and crystalline structure was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique, and FTIR 'wavenumbers of the maximum conductive sample of PEMA polymer + KI salt + EC plastizer and PEMA polymer + KI salt + EC plastizer + CdS nanoparticles were compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the amorphous nature of the maximum conductive sample of polymer composite electrolyte. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to find out the glass transition (Tg) temperature of maximum conducting sample of polymer composite. The doctor blade method was employed to develop the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), and it had been observed that, under one sunlight situation, the energy conversion efficiency was 2.09 %, having parameters fill factor was 79.77 %.

Shear bond strength evaluation of bioactive restorative materials on pretreated carious dentin-influence on silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has gained popularity for its caries-arresting properties, yet its tendency to cause esthetic concerns due to black-staining limits its widespread acceptance. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of Activa BioActive and Giomer restorative material with different protocols of SDF pretreatment on carious dentin. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, sectioned 1 mm into dentin, mounted in acrylic resin and randomly divided into four (n = 8) control and six (n = 10) experimental groups. Seventy-six samples underwent demineralization process for a period of 14 days for artificial carious dentin (ACD) formation. The samples categorized based on the dentin substrate (sound or ACD) were subjected to various SDF pretreatment protocols, i.e., only SDF, SDF with potassium iodide (KI), and SDF with glutathione (GSH). Further, bioactive restorative materials, i.e., Activa BioActive and Giomer (Beautifil II), were placed on it, and the samples were subjected to shear bond strength testing. Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test was run to analyze the values obtained. Results: Giomer exhibited better mean bond strength with SDF, SDF + KI, and SDF + GSH (6.56, 4.67, and 3.34 mega-pascals [MPa], respectively) compared to Activa BioActive (3.42, 3.27, and 2.96 MPa, respectively). Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between SDF application protocols, esthetic concerns, and the adhesive properties of bioactive restorative materials. Giomer exhibited enhanced bond strength after SDF application, unlike Activa BioActive. In addition, incorporation of KI or GSH adversely affected the bond strength of both the restorative materials, underscoring the critical need for cautious clinical application. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate dentin pretreatment agents to maximize the bond strength of bioactive restorative materials with carious dentin. SDF application significantly enhanced the bond strength of Giomer with carious dentin compared to Activa BioActive, thus, making it a good choice for restoring nonesthetic areas. In addition, the application of KI or GSH to mitigate discoloration of carious dentin negatively affected the bond strength of both, Activa BioActive and Giomer. Thus, the clinicians should weigh the benefits of SDF against potential bond strength reductions when using KI or GSH, especially for esthetic restorations.

Sweet syndrome: an update on clinical aspects, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Sweet syndrome is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by an autoinflammatory nature and a sterile neutrophilic infiltrate. It presents with tender, erythematous, edematous papules or plaques, often accompanied by fever. Aim of this review is to summarize the most meaningful aspects of Sweet syndrome, critically discussing old paradigms and novel findings. A search of the English-language literature was conducted using the terms "Sweet syndrome" and "acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis." MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (WOS) databases were consulted up to June 30, 2024. Since its first identification, new clinical and histopathological variants of Sweet syndrome have been described, highlighting its heterogeneity. Additionally, a multitude of clinical conditions have been increasingly reported in association with Sweet syndrome, ranging from malignancies, autoimmune and infectious disorders. The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear and varies according to the associated conditions. One unifying mechanism is the aberrant activation, proliferation, and skin homing of neutrophils. The mainstay of treatment remains systemic corticosteroids; alternatives include colchicine, dapsone, and potassium iodide. Traditional immunosuppressants, biologic agents, and small molecules have also been described as effective in treating Sweet syndrome. Sweet syndrome is a heterogeneous condition with an elusive pathogenesis. Most cases resolve with corticosteroids, but some remain refractory to various therapies, representing an unmet medical need. Recent evidence on the pathomechanisms underlying Sweet syndrome suggests that not only innate but also adaptive immunity might play roles. Further experimental studies are needed and may help identify new therapeutic targets in the future.