Administration Of Potassium Iodide Research Articles

Haematological Profile and Surgical Management of Lumpy Jaw Condition (Actinomycosis) in Crossbred Cattle

A case series study was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 in cattle referred to the Veterinary Dispensary Peddaputta village of Kadapa district. Total 6 cross bred cattle were diagnosed and most of them referred with swelling at the mandibular region showing leakage of pus and it was diagnosed as bovine Actinomycosis or lumpy jaw condition. Haematology revealed significant erythrocytopenia, higher PCV, lower haemoglobin concentration, significant leucocytosis with neutrophilia, presence of a greater number of immature neutrophils and decreased lymphocyte count. With the surgical intervention granulomatous tissue and pus was removed, and antibiotics like long acting Terramycin injection two doses within 48 hours, along with oral administration of Potassium Iodide and external dressing of wound with 2% povidone iodine. The animal recovered successfully within 12 days of post treatment.

An audit of thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease, in a large UK tertiary centre

Abstract Aims Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease are at increased risk of post-operative complications and therefore require additional pre-operative preparation and close post-operative assessment. This study aimed to assess the pre- and post-operative management and morbidity in a single UK tertiary centre. Method Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves’ between 2014–19. The primary endpoint was thyroid status pre-operatively and post-operative morbidity. Secondary endpoints were administration of potassium iodide, vitamin D and beta blockers and assessment of post-operative parathyroid function. Results Ninety-two thyroidectomies were undertaken for Graves’ in the five-year period. Pre-operatively 98% were successfully rendered euthyroid or hypothyroid and 2% hyperthyroid but required emergency surgery. Post-operative hypocalcaemia occurred in 26% but was temporary in 92%. Vocal cord palsy was found in 11%, but in all cases was temporary (post-operative laryngoscopy was reported in 93%). 49% had received potassium iodide, 53% beta-blockers and 48% vitamin D. Post-operative calcium and PTH estimation was undertaken on day 0 in 99% and 97% respectively and day 1 in 100% and 98%. Conclusion This audit of specialist practice shows a majority of patients rendered eu- or hypothyroid pre-operatively and low complication rates, with the majority being temporary. Pre-operative medical optimization was not undertaken uniformly in all patients and although outcomes were good, a protocol to improve consistency has been developed in response.

Взаємозв’язок показників обміну заліза і тиреоїдного гомеостазу у дітей із сидеропенією та йододефіцитом

Relationships between the iron metabolism indexes and thyroid homeostasis in children were investigated. For that purpose, 68 healthy children aged 6 to 11 years were examined (35 boys and 33 girls) with adequate iron and iodine supply (n =16), latent sideropenia (n = 16), mild iodine deficiency (n = 18) and combination of latent iron deficiency and mild iodine deficiency (n = 18). We found that in 13% of boys with latent sideropenia, 78% of boys and as many girls with mild iodine deficiency, 90% of boys and 88% of girls with combined iodine and iron deficiency, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in blood serum ranged from 2.5 to 4.2 mIU/l under the reference data of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroxine (fT4). This observation points for development of minimal thyroid insufficiency (MTI). According to the TSH/fT4 index, MTI was found in 30% of boys and 38% of girls with combined iodine and iron deficiency. These children form the group of risk for development of subclinical hypothyroidism and require mandatory individual correction of MTI by administration of potassium iodide. We found direct moderate correlations between the contents of fT3 and fT4 in serum and the hemoglobin level (Hb) in blood, between the contents of the serum iron and ferritin (r from 0.42 to 0.64). We found also an inverse moderate correlation between the serum TSH content and indexes of iron metabolism (r from –0.56 to –0.61), and a direct moderate correlation between the TSH and total serum iron-binding capacity (r = 0.54). Therefore, iron deficiency can be considered a risk factor for the development of thyroid insufficiency, which requires control of functional capacity of thyroid gland in case of iron depot depletion. The most vulnerable period for the formation of thyroid dysfunction is a prepubertal age regardless of gender. The advisability of determining the indicators of iron metabolism and its correction under conditions of latent sideropenia, mild iodine deficiency and their combination for the prevention of MTI development was justified.

Effect of preoperative potassium iodide administration on Graves’ disease surgery: a propensity score analysis

BackgroundPreoperative administration of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) is recommended in the guidelines for the management of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Studies addressing its effect on complications after thyroidectomy are inconclusive. MethodsRetrospective multicenter Propensity Score study of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease, from January 2013 to September 2019 in two tertiary centers in Madrid, Spain. Patients were given SSKI prior to surgery or not according to surgeons’ preferences.Electronic clinical records were reviewed searching: baseline characteristics surgical variables, pathological findings, and postoperative complications. ResultsNinety patients were analyzed: 44 received SSKI and 46 were not given SSKI.No significant differences were found in the main postoperative complications with or without SSKI: transient hypoparathyroidism (40.9% vs. 50%), permanent hypoparathyroidism (6.8% vs. 13%), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy (2.3% vs. 8.7%), definitive RLN palsy (2.3% vs. 2.2%), or cervical hematoma (2.3% vs. 4.3%). ConclusionPreoperative administration of SSKI had no impact on postoperative complications after thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease.

Effect of Oral Administration of Potassium Iodide on Clinical Status and Metabolic Profile in Sheep

Effect of Oral Administration of Potassium Iodide on Clinical Status and Metabolic Profile in Sheep

Metabolomics evaluation of repeated administration of potassium iodide on adult male rats.

The long-lasting consequence of a new iodine thyroid blocking strategy (ITB) to be used in case of nuclear accident is evaluated in male Wistar rats using a metabolomics approach applied 30days after ITB completion. The design used 1mg/kg/day of KI over 8days. Thyroid hormones remained unchanged, but there was a metabolic shift measured mainly in thyroid then in plasma and urine. In the thyroid, tyrosine metabolism associated to catecholamine metabolism was more clearly impacted than thyroid hormones pathway. It was accompanied by a peripheral metabolic shift including metabolic regulators, branched-chain amino acids, oxidant stress and inflammation-associated response. Our results suggested that iodide intake can impact gut microbiota metabolism, which was related to host metabolic regulations including in the thyroid. As there were no clear clinical signs of dysfunction or toxicity, we concluded that the measured metabolomics response to the new ITB strategy, especially in thyroid, is unlikely to reveal a pathological condition but a shift towards a new adaptive homeostatic state, called 'allostatic regulation'. The question now is whether or not the shift is permanent and if so at what cost for long-term health. We anticipate our data as a start point for further regulatory toxicity studies.

Assessment of the effects of repeated doses of potassium iodide intake during pregnancy on male and female rat offspring using metabolomics and lipidomics

ABSTRACTPreparedness for nuclear accident responsiveness includes interventions to protect pregnancies against prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. The aim of this study was to investigate a new design consisting of repeated administration of potassium iodide (KI, 1 mg/kg) for 8 days in late pregnancy gestational day 9–16 (GD9–GD16) in rats. The later-life effects of this early-life iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) strategy were assessed in offspring two months afterbirth. Functional behavioral tests including forced swimming test (FST) and rotarod test (RRT) in rats of both genders showed lower FST performance in KI-treated females and lower RRT performance in KI-treated male pups. This performance decline was associated with metabolic disruptions in cortex involving amino acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lipids and signaling lipids in males and females. Beyond these behavior-associated metabolic changes, a portion of the captured metabolome (17–25%) and lipidome (3.7–7.35%) remained sensitive to in utero KI prophylactic treatment in both cortex and plasma of post-weaning rats, with some gender-related variance. Only part of these disruptions was attributed to lower levels of TSH and T4 (males only). The KI-induced metabolic shifts involved a broad spectrum of functions encompassing metabolic and cell homeostasis and cell signaling functions. Irrespective Regardless of gender and tissues, the predominant effects of KI affected neurotransmitters, amino acid metabolism, and omega-3 DHA metabolism. Taken together, data demonstrated that repeated daily KI administration at 1 mg/kg/day for 8 days during late pregnancy failed to protect the mother-fetus against nuclear accident radiation.Abbreviations: CV-ANOVA: Cross-validation analysis of variance; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; FST: Forced swimming test; FT3: plasma free triiodothyronine; FT4: plasma free thyroxine; GD: Gestational day; ITB: Iodine thyroid blocking; KI: potassium iodide; LC/MS: Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; MTBE: Methyl tert-butyl ether; m/z: mass-to-charge ratio; PLS-DA: Partial least squares–discriminant analysis; PRIODAC: Repeated stable iodide prophylaxis in accidental radioactive releases; RRT: Rotarod test; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; VIP: Variable importance in projection.

Effects of repeated potassium iodide administration on genes involved in synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone in adult male rat.

A single dose of potassium iodide (KI) is recommended to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer during nuclear accidents. However in case of prolonged radioiodine exposure, more than one dose of KI may be necessary. This work aims to evaluate the potential toxic effect of repeated administration of KI. Adult Wistar rats received an optimal dose of KI 1 mg/kg over a period of 1, 4 or 8 days. hormonal status (TSH, FT4) of treated rats was unaffected. Contrariwise, a sequential Wolff-Chaikoff effect was observed, resulting in a prompt decrease of NIS and MCT8 mRNA expression (-58% and-26% respectively), followed by a delayed decrease of TPO mRNA expression (-33%) in conjunction with a stimulation of PDS mRNA expression (+62%). we show for the first time that repeated administration of KI at 1 mg/kg/24h doesn't cause modification of thyroid hormones level, but leads to a reversible modification of the expression of genes involved in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.

Impact of potassium iodide on thyroidectomy for Graves' disease: Implications for safety and operative difficulty

Potassium iodide often is prescribed prior to thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, but the effect of potassium iodide on the ease and safety of thyroidectomy for Graves' is largely unknown. We conducted a prospective, cohort study of patients with Graves' disease undergoing thyroidectomy. For the first 8 months, no patients received potassium iodide; for the next 8 months, potassium iodide was added to the preoperative protocol for all patients. Outcomes included operative difficulty (based on the Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale) and complications. We included a total of 31 patients in the no potassium iodide group and 28 in the potassium iodide group. According to the Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale, gland vascularity decreased in the potassium iodide group (mean score 2.6 vs 3.3, P = .04), but there were no differences in friability, fibrosis, or size of the thyroid or in overall difficulty of operation (P = not significant for all). Despite similar operative difficulty, patients prescribed potassium iodide were less likely to experience transient hypoparathyroidism (7% vs 26%, P = .018) and transient hoarseness (0% vs 16%, P = .009) compared with the no potassium iodide group. Potassium iodide administration decreases gland vascularity, but does not change the overall difficulty of thyroidectomy. Preoperative use of potassium iodide solution was, however, associated with less transient hypoparathyroidism and transient hoarseness, suggesting that potassium iodide improves the safety of thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.

Iodinated Contrast Agents Perturb Iodide Uptake by the Thyroid Independently of Free Iodide.

Perturbation of thyroid iodide uptake is a well-documented side effect of the use of iodinated contrast media (ICM) administered intravenously. This side effect is thought to be mediated by free iodide in ICM formulations, but this hypothesis has never been formally proven. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of this hypothesis. Methods: We used mass spectrometry analysis to quantify free-iodide contamination in ICM. Established cell lines expressing the Na/I symporter (NIS) were used to quantify the effect of ICM on iodide uptake. SPECT/CT was used to measure the in vivo uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate and 123I in 2 NIS-expressing mouse tissues, thyroid and salivary glands. Scintiscans of ICM-naïve and ICM-administered patients were compared. Immunohistologic and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate NIS protein expression in these organs. Results: Although free iodide was present in ICM formulations, in vitro uptake of iodide by NIS-expressing cells was not significantly affected by ICM. In mice, intravenous or sublingual administration of ICM led to a reduction in radiotracer uptake by the thyroid, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in NIS protein expression in this tissue. In the salivary glands, neither radiotracer uptake nor NIS protein expression was affected by ICM. The thyroid-selective effect of ICM was also observed in humans. Administration of potassium iodide as a source of free iodide led to a diminution of 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake in both mouse thyroid and mouse salivary glands. Altogether, these data rule out a direct intervention of free iodide in the perturbation of thyroid uptake and suggest a direct and selective effect of ICM on the thyroid. Conclusion: We demonstrated that ICM reduce thyroid uptake of iodide independently of free iodide. This effect is due to a specific and dramatic decrease in NIS expression in thyrocytes. These data cast serious doubt on the relevance of measuring urinary iodide concentration to evaluate the delay between ICM administration and radioiodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Finally, the ability of ICM to perturb iodide uptake in the thyroid may be used in radioprotection.

Parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in experimental hyperthyroidism and its correction.

We demonstrate changes in cellular and humoral immunity in animals with experimental hyperthyroidism induced by chronic administration of potassium iodide (KI) solution. KI increased the weight and cellularity of the thymus and spleen and number of antibody-forming cells to sheep red blood cells and modified the relative content of T cell subpopulations. Phytosorption complex LimfoFit modifying cellular and humoral immunity affected only its individual parameters in hyperthyroid animals.

Camel dermatophilosis: clinical signs and treatment outcomes

This study was conducted to study the clinical signs associated with dermatophilosis infection in 9 dromedary camels in addition to study some trials for treatment. Diagnosis of Dermatophilosis was done based on clinical appearance of the lesion on the affected animal and demonstrating the causal organism from the lesions beneath the scabs. Clinically, diseased camel showed lesions in the form of exudative dermatitis, thick greasy scabs and long hairs were collected to form paint brush in some areas. Removal of these hairs in the early stage of the disease revealed severe pain leaving bled area beneath it but later and in old lesion. All infected camels were heavily infested with ticks. Treatment of dermatophilosis using long acting oxytetracycline, 2 doses 3 days apart, in addition to oral administration of potassium iodide 10 gram daily for 10 days gave 100% cure rate, whereas camels treated with long acting oxytetracycline alone gave 66.67% cure rate. Tick control in infected animals and environment is indicated to minimise the risk of dermatophilosis. Also, vitamin A and mineral supplementation is necessary to obtain fast cure rate.

Total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease: Compliance with American Thyroid Association guidelines may not always be necessary

Total thyroidectomy (TT) is the preferred operative approach to Graves' disease. Current guidelines of the American Thyroid Association call for the administration of potassium iodide (KI) and achievement of euthyroid state before operation. Small numbers and a mixture of operative approaches spanning several decades hinder previous operative series. We present the outcomes for TT at a single high-volume center. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 165 patients undergoing TT for Graves' disease from July 2007 to May2012. Mean age was 43 years (range, 17-78), and 128 patients (78%) were female. A total of 95% of patients were on methimazole or propylthiouracil, and 42% remained hyperthyroid at time of TT. Only 3 (2%) patients received KI. Mean operative time was 132 minutes (range, 59-271). Mean gland size and blood loss were 41 g (range, 8-180) and 55 mL (range, 10-1050), respectively. No patient developed thyroid storm. Median follow-up was 7.5 months. Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia developed in 51 (31%) and 2 patients (1.2%), respectively. Temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis occurred in 12 (7%) and one (0.6%) patient, respectively. Sixty-one (37%) patients experienced at least one complication. On multivariate analysis, patient age younger than 45 years (odds ratio 2.93, 95% confidence interval 1.39-6.19) and obesity (odds ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00-4.43) were associated with the occurrence of complications. This high-volume surgeon experience demonstrates no appreciable detriment to patient outcomes when recommendations of the American Thyroid Association for routine use of KI and euthyroid state before thyroidectomy are not met. Transient hypocalcemia and hoarseness are frequent complications of TT for Graves' disease, resolving within 6 months in most patients. Age younger than 45 years and obesity are risk factors for postoperative complications.

Cancer de la thyroïde après exposition aux rayonnements ionisants

Exposure to ionising radiations during childhood increases the risk of thyroid cancer. Similar risk factors have been found after external radiation exposure or internal contamination with radioactive iodine isotopes. In case of contamination with radioiodines, administration of potassium iodide can prevent thyroid irradiation.

Phenotype of blood lymphocytes in correlation with histological picture in thyroid gland of rats treated with potassium iodide

Having in mind the former results which confirmed the functional relationship between the thyroid and the immune system, and the administration of potassium iodide (KI) in the therapy of auto-immune diseases, we considered it of interest to investigate the pathogenesis of KI induced experimental thyroiditis, by studying the morphology of thymus, thyroid gland and spleen, as well as the phenotype of lymphocytes in the thymus and peripheral blood in relation to the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules. The experiments have been carried out on 30 male Wistar rats, divided in 3 groups. The first group (n=10) received KI (225 μg/g, i.p.), the second group (n=10) received KI (675 μg/g, i.p.), while the third group (n=10) received sodium chloride (0.9%, i.p.). The intensity of histological lesions in the thyroid gland, was statistically significant (p<0.01) in KI treated groups, compared to the controls. KI also significantly decreased rat body mass, and increased masses of thymus and thyroid gland (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in thymocyte and peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulation numbers between the groups. Our experiments suggest that KI, at least in some doses could induce mild lymphocytic thyroiditis in rats, and that this simple, practical and non-expensive model of experimental thyroiditis could be of importance for further research.

Thyroid Protection Gone Awry: Iododerma Following Potassium Iodide Administration Prior to Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy

ThyroidVol. 21, No. 1 Letters to the EditorThyroid Protection Gone Awry: Iododerma Following Potassium Iodide Administration Prior to Metaiodobenzylguanidine ScintigraphyArthur F. Guerrero, Karen T. Guerrero, and K.M. Mohamed ShakirArthur F. GuerreroDepartment of Endocrinology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Tripler, Hawaii.Search for more papers by this author, Karen T. GuerreroDepartment of Dermatology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Tripler, Hawaii.Search for more papers by this author, and K.M. Mohamed ShakirDepartment of Endocrinology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:10 Jan 2011https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0467AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextSupplemental MaterialPDF/EPUBView Supplemental Data ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Thyroid Protection Gone Awry: Iododerma Following Potassium Iodide Administration Prior to Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy." , 21(1), pp. 93–94FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byNeutrophilic drug reactionsClinics in Dermatology, Vol. 38, No. 6Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Relation to Serum Thyrotropin and Thyroglobulin Antibody Status at Time of Diagnosis9 January 2014 | Thyroid, Vol. 24, No. 1Thyroid hormones, iodine and iodides, and antithyroid drugs Volume 21Issue 1Jan 2011 InformationCopyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Arthur F. Guerrero, Karen T. Guerrero, and K.M. Mohamed Shakir.Thyroid Protection Gone Awry: Iododerma Following Potassium Iodide Administration Prior to Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy.Thyroid.Jan 2011.93-94.http://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0467Published in Volume: 21 Issue 1: January 10, 2011Online Ahead of Print:December 16, 2010PDF download

Fixed sporotrichosis as a cause of a chronic ulcer on the knee

Chronic wounds are a major health care problem worldwide. Wound healing is a holistic endeavour that requires an accurate identification of the specific entities interfering with wound healing in a particular patient. We present a case of fixed sporotrichosis as the cause of a chronic ulcer in the knee. Although a culture of Sporothrix schenckii could not be obtained, a positive response to the sporotrichin skin test, a skin biopsy showed a suppurative granuloma and an adequate response to oral administration of potassium iodide confirmed the diagnosis. The identification and correction of the underlying aetiology of any chronic wound is the first and most important step to restore wound healing.

Effect of long-term injection of high doses of potassium iodide on iodine metabolism in rat thyroid gland

Concentration of thyroid hormones in the serum of the rats after 14-day injections of potassium iodide (1, 3, 10, 100, and 500 physiological daily doses) did not differ from the control values. Excessive administration of potassium iodide increased the total iodide content in the rat thyroid tissue by 60–121% (35–108% and 94–128% for the protein-bound and free iodide, respectively), indicating the activation of the uptake and organification of iodide. The long-term injection of both low and high doses of potassium iodide increased the activity of catalase by 8–18% and SOD by 33–50% and enhanced the level of toxic LPO products reacting with thiobarbituric acid by 15–38%. It is suggested that reactive oxygen species and the excessive iodination of proteins (particularly thyroglobulin) induced by the long-term administration of high doses of potassium iodide can play an important role in the development of thyroid dysfunctions and autoimmune diseases.

Molecular identification of Phialophora oxyspora as the cause of mycetoma in a horse

An 18-year-old mare was evaluated for an oral mass that developed after extraction of a broken incisor. An ulcerated, firm, darkly pigmented, approximately 5-cm-diameter spherical mass involved the gingiva lateral and dorsal to the right first to third maxillary incisors. Osteolysis of the roots of the first and second right maxillary incisors and periosteal proliferation of the adjacent premaxilla margins were apparent on radiographs. Histologic examination of the mass revealed multiple coalescing and ramifying foci of abscess formation, each containing a well-defined, discrete, black mass (2 to 7 mm in diameter). Myriad fungal hyphae enmeshed in a black, granular, cementlike material were within each of the black structures. Mycetoma was the histologic diagnosis. The causative agent could not be identified via culture because of lack of distinguishing characteristics. Fungal DNA was isolated from frozen fungal cultures and paraffin sections. The D1/D2 domains of the large subunit P gene rDNA were amplified and sequenced. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of both isolates were 96% homologous with those of Phialophora oxyspora. The mass was surgically excised, the local area curetted, and the wound allowed to heal by second intention. Postoperative treatment consisted of administration of phenylbutazone and IV administration of sodium iodide followed by oral administration of potassium iodide. There was no evidence of recurrence 1 year later. Mycetomata should be a differential diagnosis for equine gingival masses. Identification of the fungal agent can be critical for selection of optimal treatments. Molecular methods may permit definitive identification when standard phenotypic-based identification criteria are inconclusive.

Effects of increased iodine supply on the selenium status of kids

The aim of the study was to monitor the effect of increased iodine supplementation of the clinically healthy kid organism on the selenium status. The study included 7 clinically healthy 14-day-old kids from mothers with high iodine supplementation (group E) and 7 clinically healthy kids from mothers with hypoiodaemia (group C). Kids in group E were administered potassium iodide orally from 14 to 90 days of age. During the experimental period, the group E kids had a total daily iodine intake (from the feeding ration and from the per os potassium iodide administration) of 440&amp;ndash;590 &amp;micro;g per head and day in comparison with 140&amp;ndash;190 &amp;micro;g per head and day in the group C kids (only from the feeding ration; no potassium iodide administration). In kids of both groups, selenium concentration (Se), glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), concentration of the thyroid gland hormones (T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) and animal weights were monitored. In the group E kids, lower Se concentration (88.1 &amp;plusmn; 10.9 &amp;micro;g/l; p &amp;lt; 0.01) and lower activity of GSH-Px (484.0 &amp;plusmn; 125.4 &amp;micro;kat/l; p &amp;lt; 0.05) were proved at the end of the experiment (at 105 days of age of the kids) in comparison with the group C kids (131.8 &amp;plusmn; 23.2 &amp;micro;g/l and 713.3&amp;nbsp;&amp;plusmn; 153.3 &amp;micro;kat/l, respectively). No significant differences were found out in the T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; or T&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations or in the weights of animals of both groups. The results indicate that increased iodine supplementation may have a negative effect on selenium metabolism and/or selenium status in kids.