Potassium Hydrogen Persulfate Research Articles

A comparison of the soil natural oxidant demand exerted by permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, and sodium percarbonate

In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is based on the delivery of different oxidants to the subsurface where the oxidant is consumed by the contaminants of concern as well as by natural organic matter and other reduced species within the soil. The amount of oxidant consumed by the soil is known as the natural oxidant demand (NOD). Natural oxidant demand is an important screening parameter that helps to determine whether a hazardous waste site is a good candidate for remediation with ISCO. The goal of this study was to assess the soil NOD demand of four different oxidants that included potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen persulfate, and percarbonate. The soil natural oxidant demand was determined by measuring the permanganate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) of the soil before and after chemical oxidation with the various oxidants. The difference in permanganate chemical oxygen demand values is representative of the amount of natural oxidants removed from the soil by each of the oxidants. Equivalent concentrations of each oxidant used (low, medium, and high) were established based on their standard reduction potentials at 25 °C. Each oxidant exhibited a different degree of PCOD removal during oxidation. Although each of the oxidants was shown to interact with the soil, the natural oxidant demand associated with potassium permanganate was the greatest.

Cobalt ferrites/activated carbon: Synthesis, magnetic separation and catalysis for potassium hydrogen persulfate

Magnetic cobalt ferrites (CoFe2O4)/activated carbon (AC) nanocomposites were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and then the catalysis for potassium hydrogen persulfate (PMS) to degrade methylene blue (MB) was investigated. The results indicated that 9 wt% CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supplied the sufficient magnetic response for magnetic separation and activated PMS to generate SO4− radicals. The pore-structures of AC could adsorb the residual MB in high concentration near CoFe2O4 catalysts, and promoted MB degradation with SO4− radicals. CoFe2O4/AC nanocomposites presented the good stability and reusability. It was proved that the synergistic effect of PMS and CoFe2O4/AC nanocomposites could greatly improve the MB removal to 100% at the optimized conditions for 60 min.

Interfacial effect of the nanostructured Ag2S/Co3O4 and its catalytic mechanism for the dye photodegradation under visible light

In this study, the synthesis of a highly hybrid, heterogeneously structured nanocomposite catalyst consisting of Ag2S nanoparticles dotted on a Co3O4 microrod array is reported. The average diameter and length of the Co3O4 microrods was optimized to be approximately 300nm and 20μm, respectively, and the average size of the Ag2S nanoparticles was approximately 10nm. When the Ag2S nanoparticles were deposited on the Co3O4 microrods, the characteristic optical band gap energy of Co3O4 decreased from 1.26eV to 1.23eV, and the intensity of the absorbance peak at 650nm increased significantly. The catalytic activity of nanosized Ag2S/Co3O4 for the photodegradation of organic contaminants with potassium hydrogen persulfate (PMS) or ozone (O3) was evaluated using basic green 1 dye (BG1) as a model pollutant. In the presence of the hybrid Ag2S/Co3O4 catalyst developed in this study, the complete photodegradation of the BG1 solution was achieved in 20min and 6min when PMS and O3 were used, respectively. In addition, the experimental results suggest that the catalytic photodegradation of BG1 using the Ag2S/Co3O4/PMS and Ag2S/Co3O4/O3 processes was dominated by the OH and O2− radicals, respectively.

ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Olefins by Potassium Hydrogen Persulfate Mediated by an Oxaziridinium Salt.

ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of Olefins by Potassium Hydrogen Persulfate Mediated by an Oxaziridinium Salt.

Kinetics and mechanism of O–O bond cleavage in the reaction of [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]− with hydroperoxides in aqueous solution

The reactions of [Ru(III)(edta)(H(2)O)](-) (1) (edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetate) with tert-butylhydroperoxide ((t)BuOOH) and potassium hydrogenpersulfate (KHSO(5)) were studied kinetically as a function of oxidant concentration and temperature (10-30 degrees C) at a fixed pH of 6.1 using stopped-flow techniques. Kinetic results were analyzed by using global kinetic analysis techniques. The reaction was found to consist of two steps involving the rapid formation of a [Ru(III)(edta)(OOR)](2-) intermediate, which subsequently undergoes heterolytic cleavage to form [(edta)Ru(V)=O](-). Since [(edta)Ru(V)=O](-) was produced almost quantitatively in the reaction of 1 with the hydroperoxides (t)BuOOH and KHSO(5), the common mechanism is one of heterolytic scission of the O-O bond. The water soluble and easy to oxidize substrate 2,2'-azobis(3-ethylbenzithiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), was employed to substantiate the mechanistic proposal. Reactions were carried out under pseudo-first order conditions for [ABTS] >> [hydroperoxide] >> [1], and were monitored as a function of time for the formation of the one-electron oxidation product ABTS (*+). The detailed suggested mechanism is consistent with the reported rate and activation parameters, and discussed in reference to the results reported for the reaction of [Ru(II)(edta)(H(2)O)](-) with H(2)O(2).

Continuous Shrink-Resist Process of Wool Top Sliver with Ozone. I Performance.

Continuous shrink-resist process of wool top sliver without use of chlorine agents has been recently developed in order to minimize Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) being discharged from chlorine-based shrink-resisting process. The process consists of two steps of oxidation and subsequent reduction with bisulfite, i.e., (1) the oxidation with potassium hydrogen persulfate by pad/steaming as the first and (2) with ozone bubbled in acidic aqueous solution by a line mixer as the second. The characteristic feature of the proposed process was compared with other existing processes in view of comparison with properties of the treated wool. Washability performance of the treated wool products met with IWS TM 31 requirement. The treated fabric hand and fiber friction μa of the tip to root direction were generally the same as those of similar fabric made from untreated control, while, the friction μw of the root to tip direction increased. The difference of (μa-μw), i.e., D.F.E. was remarkably reduced, probably leading to the high resistance to pilling of the treated fabrics. FT-IR, Allwörden test and SEM observation revealed that the proposed process was a just surface treatment without serious damage to the cuticle, maintaining the yarn strength and the water repellency of untreated wool.

Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones

Methods available for the synthesis of diaryl and monoaryl monoalkyl sulfones are reviewed. The main methods employed involve alkylation of salts of sulfinic acids, acidcatalysed condensation of sulfonic acids with aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxidation of diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfides. Oxidation by peracids, N-oxides (catalysed by tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate), periodate (catalysed by ruthenium trichloride), and oxone® (potassium hydrogen persulfate), are highlighted.

Involvement of the perferryl complex of nitric oxide synthase in the catalysis of secondary free radical formation

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS I) has been shown to generate nitric oxide (NO ⋅) and superoxide (O ⋅− 2) during enzymatic cycling, and the ratio of each free radical is dependent upon the concentration of l-arginine. Using spin trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we detected α-hydroxyethyl radical (CH 3 ⋅CHOH), produced during the NOS I metabolism of ethanol (EtOH). The generation of CH 3 ⋅CHOH by NOS I was found to be Ca 2+/calmodulin dependent. Superoxide dismutase prevented CH 3 ⋅CHOH formation in the absence of l-arginine. However, in the presence of l-arginine, the production of CH 3 ⋅CHOH was independent of O ⋅− 2 but dependent upon the concentration of l-arginine. Formation of CH 3 ⋅CHOH was inhibited by substituting d-arginine for l-arginine, or inclusion of the NOS inhibitors N G-nitro- l-arginine methyl ester, N G-monomethyl- l-arginine and the heme blocker, sodium cyanide. The addition of potassium hydrogen persulfate to NOS I, generating the perferryl complex (NOS-[Fe 5+=O] 3+) in the absence of oxygen and Ca 2+/calmodulin, and EtOH resulted in the formation of CH 3 ⋅CHOH. NOS I was found to produce the corresponding α-hydroxyalkyl radical from 1-propanol and 2-propanol, but not from 2-methyl-2-propanol. Data demonstrated that the perferryl complex of NOS I in the presence of l-arginine was responsible for catalyses of these secondary reactions.

Oxone® Promoted Nef Reaction. Simple Conversion of Nitro Group Into Carbonyl

A mild and convenient oxidative Nef reaction using Oxone® (potassium hydrogen persulfate) is described. Following our procedure primary and secondary nitroalkanes generate carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively, both in good yields. †Deceased on January 1st 1998

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of triphenylphosphine with potassium hydrogen persulfate catalysed by aquapropylenediaminetetraacetatoruthenate(III) in water—dioxane medium

The kinetics of oxygenation of [(PDTA)Ru III(H 2O)] − (complex 1) to [(PDTA)Ru V(O)] − (complex 2) by KHSO 5 was studied spectrophotometrically by monitoring the appearance of the characteristic oxo peak (393 nm, ϵ max 393 = 8200) at a fixed pH 6.0 and ionic strength 0.2 M (NaClO 4). The time course of the oxygen atom transfer from complex 2 to PPh 3 was investigated by following the disappearance of characteristic oxo-peak of the oxo-complex 2 as a function of PPh 3 concentration and temperature (30–50 °C) at a fixed pH 6.0 and ionic strength of 0.2 M (NaClO 4). Activation parameters for both the oxygenation of complex 1 to complex 2 and oxygen atom transfer from complex 2 to PPh 3 were calculated and probable mechanisms for both reactions proposed.

Epoxidation of 2‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one

AbstractEpoxidation of 2‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one has been performed in high yield with potassium hydrogen persulfate at pH 6, 1H nmr data indicate an exo stereoconfiguration of the epoxide.

Evidence for high-valent iron-oxo species active in the DNA breaks mediated by iron-bleomycin

The activity of bleomycin is generally attributed to its ability to cleave DNA through the mediation of transition metal salts, molecular oxygen and electrons. Despite the fact that DNA break products are known with great details, the exact nature of the so-called “activated bleomycin”, responsible for the activation of C-H bonds of the deoxyriboses, is still a matter of debate. In the present article, we report evidence that high-valent iron-oxo species might be generated by potassium hydrogen persulfate, KHSO 5 (a single oxygen atom donor) and are involved in metallobleomycinmediated DNA breaks.

Hydroxylating activity of a water-soluble manganese porphyrin associated with potassium hydrogen persulfate: Formation of 8-hydroxyadenosine-5′-mono-phosphate from AMP.

The association of potassium monopersulfate, KHSO 5, with a water-soluble manganese porphyrin complex has been recently reported as being a very efficient system for the oxidative cleavage of DNA (Fouquet et al., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1169); similar results are observed with RNA. As puzzle piece of the mechanism of this oxidative degradation of nucleic acids, we report in the present communication the identification of 8-hydroxyadenosine-5′-monophosphate as oxidation product of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) by KHSO 5/[Mn(Mepy) 4P](OAc) 5. In the absence of manganese catalyst, the only detectable compound is the adenosine-N 1-oxide- 5′-monophosphate.

Further evidence for a metal-oxo intermediate in the olefin epoxidation by iron- or manganese-bleomycin complexes associated with KHSO5, an oxygen atom donor

The use of iodosylbenzene with the iron-bleomycin complex in the olefin epoxidation leads to the questionable role of iron-oxo in this oxygenation reaction (Tetrahedron Letters, 1985, 26, 4699-4702). Oxygenation of olefins is also observed when potassium hydrogen persulfate, KHSO5, is used as oxygen donor and the reported data support a possible role of metal-oxo species in these oxygen transfers mediated by manganese- or iron-bleomycin complexes.

Phase Transfer Controlled Selective Oxidation of Diarylsulfides to Diarylsulfoxides Using Potassium Hydrogen Persulfate

Abstract The use of biphasic reaction conditions and a phase transfer catalyst controls the oxidation reaction of potassium hydrogen persulfate with diarylsulfides yielding predominately sulfoxides. This is in contrast to the reaction in polar solvents where sulfones are the major products.

Epoxidation of alkenes with potassium hydrogen persulfate

Epoxidation of alkenes with potassium hydrogen persulfate

Oxone as oxygen donor in the catalytic hydroxylation of saturated hydrocarbons

Manganese porphyrin complexes catalyze the hydroxylation of saturated hydrocarbons by potassium hydrogen persulfate (or Oxone) at room temperature. High conversions of hydrocarbons are obtained.

Chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with potassium hydrogen persulfate

Potassium hydrogen persulfate in aqueous methanol was found to be a convenient, inexpensive, and chemoselective reagent for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones and sulfoxides in the presence of other common functional groups.