Pot Of Soup Research Articles

Father & Daughter

Father & Daughter Tomie Anne Bitton (bio) The Communist and the Communist’s Daughter Jane Lazarre Duke University Press www.dukeupress.edu 240 Pages; Print, $27.95 Jane Lazarre creates two works of memoir in The Communist and the Communist’s Daughter—her own and the one of her father, Bill Lawrence. But in merging them, she also raises many questions—not in the least, how is one able to capture the memories, the thoughts, and the feelings of another on the page? Can they? If so, how believable, accurate are they? And, if someone writes a memoir for another, is it truly a memoir, or is it a biography? While most of The Communist and the Communist’s Daughter is about Lawrence—an American Communist organizer and leader, a commissar in the Spanish Civil War known for being questioned by the House Committee on Un-American Activities in the 1950s—it is hard to overlook Lazarre’s reflections on her own life memories within the book. They are mixed, with the intent to have her father’s voice written out, too, as if he is literally involved in the process. Included among official FBI documents from Lawrence’s history, Lazarre introduces recreated italicized portions stemming from discussions she had with her father; notes and letters she kept of his, which ultimately give the impression these are his own words. This strategy begins early on in the book, but is heavily relied upon halfway through and into its final parts. A few are even presented in first person as if Lawrence is speaking word for word: It was when she finally died that I knew I was headed for a breakdown I could not allow myself to have—a breakdown from death itself—at least not at first—there was a relief to it, in the end of the pain, no hope at all, hoping that like Buck, like Mama, she was at last at peace. An attempt such as this can only be achieved with the wisdom and grace that is achieved through age; lifetime(s) of loss, love. And, a whole lot of imagination. As a septuagenarian, Lazarre is able to capture her own experiences—a daughter raised by this father, a “Communist Child,” who learned very early on how to lie to federal officials; to read and adopt Marxism-Leninism philosophies. Because he was and is so much of her making, she is able to trace both their life timelines linearly, yet also plot the ups and downs of emotions within and between them both. Patience, and the reverence for what can and cannot ever be recovered in memory, is beyond evident throughout Lazarre’s writing. Perhaps, she even offers up this acknowledgement too much at times. It is clear she wrestles with the idea that no matter what, there are always parts of any past which must be made up, re-told by another in order to begin to tell the story. Especially if it is not one’s own. She shares a metaphor, which closes the second chapter, as a way to get to this theory of viewing and documenting history. One of the more lyrical sections in the work, this narrative is also quite telling for what comes later. She writes, “I posses an old plant that has somehow survived for than fifty years.” She continues, explaining the unique lifespan of this potted lily, which belonged to her father at first and then to her after his death. This potted plant, which had not flowered regularly, had been through many harsh years, struggling to survive had also experienced “magical” years. It multiplied its leaves to resemble thick forests, at times, and even mysteriously bloomed the winter she was writing the memoir. Though Lazarre states she is not spiritual, she does say, “I watched and watered and even whispered encouragement—for who knows with certainty what any form of life may include or exclude,” to highlight her belief in the intangibility of truth. Further, the lily is living in an “ancient copper soup pot that belonged to my mother’s mother, preserved from her mother’s journey from the old country of...

Three Little Monkeys; by Blake, Quentin

Reviewed by: Three Little Monkeys; by Blake, Quentin Sarah Sahn Blake, Quentin Three Little Monkeys; illus. by Emma Chichester Clark. Harper/ HarperCollins, 2017 34p ISBN 978-0-06-267067-0 $18.99 R 4-7 yrs Every time Hilda Snibbs leaves her house, she admonishes her three pet monkeys to be good—but every time she comes home, she finds a terrible mess after Tim, Sam, and Lulu pull the feathers off her best hat, spill a pot of soup on the stove, tangle her knitting, or overflow the bathtub. As the monkeys' messes escalate, Hilda becomes increasingly distraught, but when she comes home one day to a pristine house, with no monkeys anywhere to be found, she is frantic with worry. The warm palette of blues, golds, and reds turns to black and white as Hilda soaks her handkerchief with tears—until she finally finds the three little monkeys hiding in the closet (after having emptied the silverware drawer into her bed). The illustrations capture Tim, Sam, and Lulu's antics in chaotic, carefully detailed spreads that offer a charming counterpoint to the "before" images of Hilda's tidy, formal rooms, and small variations to each episode keep listeners on their toes, inviting both reader performance and call-and-response when familiar elements recur. This will be a giggly delight from start to finish. Copyright © 2017 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Introduction

Introduction Claire Fanger KEYWORDS Stephan Palmié, Claire Fanger, The Cooking of History, Afro-Cuban religion, Africa, Cuba, Yoruba, Santéria Reactions to Stephan Palmié, The Cooking of History: How Not to Study Afro-Cuban Religion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013) One interesting feature of Stephan Palmié’s new book, noted in nearly all the reactions that follow, is the way it makes history visible as an enterprise of collaboration. Moreover, at least in this Afro-Cuban instance, it is revealed to be a collaboration among various parties all of whom have quite specific interests, not always working in tandem. The parties include anthropologists, and various informants, friends of the anthropologists, seers and babalaos, at least some of whom were not primarily intending to work on any kind of history at all. In this way the “cooking of history” reminded me of the folktale called “Nail Soup.” The story, known in many versions, involves a clever traveler—a tramp or soldier—who devises a way to trick one or more miserly villagers out of their food by claiming to have acquired a chef ’s secret in his travels: an unusual way of making soup from a nail (or some other inert object, a stone or axe or button). In the version I read as a child, it was three hungry soldiers and a crowd of villagers who claimed to have no food to spare, so the soldiers invite the villagers to dinner instead. They beg a kettle filled with water, into which they place their nail. As the water is brought to a boil, the soldiers request various small garnishes from the villagers: first some salt, then a few groats to thicken it, then scraps of bacon, carrots, milk, a little salt beef, some turnip greens, butter, pepper and so on, in the end making a soup fit for the king himself (who—according to their confabulation—has soup made in this same way every day in his castle). [End Page 199] The story is told from the viewpoint of the soldiers, and from this vantage it was their trick, and the villagers, who were duped into sharing their food, were innocently delighted by it, and turned the evening into a party in honor of the soldiers. However, from each villager’s perspective there might have been something different going on. Perhaps some were willing to trade a bit of bacon in return for having someone else cook it for them; perhaps others paid a cup of groats for the privilege of watching their stingy neighbors donate a few carrots or some bitter greens. There may have been Jewish villagers who went back inside when they saw the bacon, or Hindu villagers likewise with the beef. There may have been others still who saw the con right away and decided to watch from behind the curtains, paying nothing and coming out at the last minute to enjoy the soup at everyone else’s expense. One would need to have lived in the village for quite a long time to understand not only the style of ingredients that became available, but also the way each person is trying to serve himself from the soup pot. The soup is a true collaboration, but everyone’s motivation is partly visible and partly hidden. The longer one lives in the village, the more complex the story of the nail soup becomes. Of course, this is precisely what ethnography tries to do: by living for a long time in the village, to tell a story that is more complicated than the story of someone just passing through. The anthropologist’s participant observation is no more inert than the soldiers’ nail, of course. Palmie’s book is a retraversing and retelling of a long term of fieldwork that takes another look at the intertwining stories that can be told about this particular social stew pot. He raises new questions: What to do with the many ironies uncovered as one sees through to the underlayers in this stew of motivations? Is there a way to tell a better story, even while representing the full diversity of perspectives? How do you keep your finger on the pulse of...

충북지역 학교급식 조리종사원의 안전사고 실태 및 인식

The purpose of this study was to examine safety accidents related to school foodservice, working and operating environments of school foodservice, status and awareness of safety education, educational needs, and information on qualitative improvement of school foodservice. The subjects in this study were 234 cooks in charge of cooking at elementary and secondary schools in Chungbuk. A survey was conducted from July 30 to August 8, 2012, and among 202 questionnaires gathered, 194 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on data utilizing the SPSS version 19.0. The main results of this study were as follows: 44.3% of workers experienced safety accidents. The most frequent safety accident was ‘once’ (60.5%), and most safety accidents took place between June and August (31.4%). The time at which most safety accidents happened was between 8 and 11 am. Most safety accidents happened during cooking (52.3%) and while using a soup pot or frying pot (52.4%). The most common accidents were ‘burns’, ‘wrist and arm pain’, and ‘slips and falls’. Respondents who experienced safety accidents replied that 57.6% of employees dealt with injuries at their own expense, and only 35.3% utilized industrial accident insurance. In terms of the operating environment, the score for ‘offering information and application’ was highest (3.76 points), whereas that for ‘security of budget’ was lowest (1.77 points). As for accident education, employees received safety education approximately 3.45 times and 5.10 hours per year. Improving the working environment of school foodservice cooks requires administrative and financial support. Furthermore, educational materials and guidelines based on the working environment and safety accident status of school foodservice cooks are required in order to minimize potential risk factors and control safety accidents in school foodservice.

Whittling at the Edges of Childhood

Whittling at the Edges of Childhood Gerald L. Smith (bio) Home Fires AROUND 1912 Junie Sullivan, my grandfather, left his father’s farm in Stafford County, Virginia, and came five miles across the Rapppahannock River to Fredericksburg. On two lots that cost ten dollars each, he and his brother Burley built a two-storey, four-room house. Like the common Irishmen that they were, they were also common workers: farmers, railroad hands, carpenters, distillers, roofers, painters. The house was solid and in its original form well-proportioned. By the time I was born thirty years later, the house had been expanded along its left or west side. The new sections included a middle parlor room, adjoining bath, pantry, kitchen, and enclosed back porch. Under the kitchen had been dug a cellar for the canning jars and potatoes, and the cellar roof had been covered over by a lattice porch. Later we built a summer porch along the front of the parlor and kitchen. Although the house was trim, square, and snug, the work of competent carpenters, it was built in the days before wall insulation. In the summer the silver maples across the front on the south side of the house shaded the porch, and in the evening, we opened the windows and a single electric fan moved the air. In the winter there was little between the cold and the heart but double wallboards and two wood stoves. One of these stoves was in the kitchen, the other in the parlor, and they made the only heat we knew through the winter. The kitchen stove was the day stove. This was the first stove lighted in the early morning and the one kept burning through the day. The parlor stove was not lighted until evening. These were not potbelly stoves but squat elongated stoves with a rectangular firebox and flat tops on which a kettle of water always sat. The kettle kept water hot for tea or coffee and added humidity to the hot dry air of the rooms. Some days a pot of soup or stew was cooked on the top of the kitchen stove. Behind the house was a nest of wooden buildings, sheds we called them, that housed chickens, feed, tools, and much else. [End Page 603] There was a smokehouse with a dirt floor, fire pit, and specially sealed and vented eaves to hold the smoke while the hams and shoulders cured. Next to the smokehouse was the garage/butcher shed, its floor deep in sand, with a wide low platform table that we covered in salt as we cut up the hogs and began curing the meat. In this shed was also the white oak barrel we filled with water and made brine in to cure herring as we cleaned them, before we packed them in salt to last through the winter. One of the sheds was the woodshed, and here was stored, usually two or three pickup-truck loads at a time, the sawn slabwood we burned in the kitchen and parlor stoves. Slabs, the part-round bark sides of logs cut in the mill, were cut again, crossways, into twelve- or eighteen-inch lengths to fit the wood stoves. It was mostly pine with some white oak and hickory mixed into the loads as well. A full pickup truck load cost about $2.50, and it was thrown in a heap into the woodshed. In the winter, Billy Withers, my cousin, and I played in the woodshed and stacked up the wood in parapets to make forts. In the summer, the woodshed was the entire domain of spiders, wasps, and centipedes, and we stayed out of it. Though I remember many of the activities of my childhood with fondness, I remember filling the woodbox as a chore. I didn’t like to do it, partly because of the bugs and spiders, more though because the directive to fill up the woodbox seemed like a punishment even when it wasn’t. I had the notion that when adults didn’t want children around at the moment, they told them to fill up the woodbox. Generally boys had to do this sometime after school...

That Is NOT a Good Idea! by Mo Willems (review)

Reviewed by: That Is NOT a Good Idea! by Mo Willems Deborah Stevenson, Editor Willems, Mo That Is NOT a Good Idea!; written and illus. by Mo Willems. Balzer + Bray, 2013 [48p] ISBN 978-0-06-220309-0 $17.99 Reviewed from galleys R 4–7 yrs Silent films are the inspiration for Mo Willems’ new outing, with a cast of players including “Hungry Fox, Plump Goose, and Baby Geese.” When Hungry Fox and Plump Goose lock eyes across a picturesque cobblestoned street, it’s love at first sight. Or is it? The fox invites the goose for a stroll, then asks her into the “deep, dark woods” and then into his “nearby kitchen,” which delights the goose; the goslings, however, interject a warning (“That is NOT a good idea!”) that gets stronger by a “really” with each new step toward vulnerability. The joke’s on the fox—and the first-time reader—however, as the goose turns out to have been luring the fox into the soup pot all along, and it’s the fox to whom her goslings have been issuing a sportsmanlike warning. The cinematic layout balances silent-movie dialogue slides, white text on black backgrounds with flourish-touched borders, [End Page 485] with full-page scenes of Fox and Goose and zoomed round-bordered close-ups of Goose, seemingly innocently eyeing the camera; the goslings’ warnings are intercut like warnings from a Greek chorus, albeit a comically fuzzy yellow Greek chorus. Kids will clamor for a re-viewing and be pleased to note that the book cleverly sets itself up for the story going either way. This is also a delight to voice, with the goslings particularly enjoyable to act out, so you could easily draft kids to handle the warnings themselves or set this up as a dramatic piece. Copyright © 2013 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

On the semantics of noun compounds

The noun compound – a sequence of nouns which functions as a single noun – is very common in English texts. No language processing system should ignore expressions like steel soup pot cover if it wants to be serious about such high-end applications of computational linguistics as question answering, information extraction, text summarization, machine translation – the list goes on. Processing noun compounds, however, is far from trouble-free. For one thing, they can be bracketed in various ways: is it steel soup, steel pot, or steel cover? Then there are relations inside a compound, annoyingly not signalled by any words: does potcontainsoup or is it for cookingsoup? These and many other research challenges are the subject of this special issue.

A Biocultural Approach to Literary Theory and Interpretation. Nancy Easterlin.

Nancy Easterlin, A Biocultural Approach to Literary Theory and Interpretation (Johns Hopkins, 2012) xi + 315 $65.00 Nancy Easterlin is an important voice in the emerging dialogue about evolutionary theory and cognitive brain science and their relevance to the study and interpretation of literature. A Biocultural Approach to Literary Theory and Interpretation is major contribution to that dialogue; in fact, Easterlin sets out new that will prove important to readers and writers who believe that Darwinian science has great deal to offer the understanding of literary texts, their origins and effects. Easterlin's work lies at the intersection between materialist critiques of nature--evolutionary, cognitive, ecological--and the theoretical approach to literary works. Among the goals: to achieve new and useful mode of reading. Easterlin begins by proposing utility as key to literary value, and she notes that literature is a thing made for human use, like an airplane or soup pot or belt (ix). Her focus, she continues, is not on the quantitative research championed by some Darwinian but rather on the idea that and cultural evolution together highlight the centrality of meaning-making processes for our species and, by extension, provide ample justification for interpretation as the core aim of our discipline (6). This claim is fairly grand, but Easterlin sets out her terms and her methods in way that justifies the foundational--and fundamental--elements of her argument: Whether the arts evolved primarily out of metaphysical needs, or within the overlapping activities of ritual and play, the message seems fairly clear as we look to the anthropological record: in the line connecting human prehistory and human history the arts exhibit enduring importance (33). For Easterlin, critics need to read as aesthetically and rhetorically attuned scholars of the works they know and care about, but they also need to interpret these works with recognition of their biological and cultural embeddedness. Literature and the arts are important, Easterlin maintains, because they represent crucial and often repeated outgrowth of certain evolutionary developments within the species, and because they help people link central aspects of their lived experience that are not always clearly connected. In this regard, Easterlin's goal is not to give a model that can be [slapped] down onto unsuspecting texts; instead, her goal is to offer creative enterprise, flexible and dynamic criticism that is rational and judicious in Matthew Arnold's sense while never forgetting the awe or love of beauty that draws us to art and maybe even toward the sciences that some of us want to use to help elucidate (38). In this regard, literary interpretation is about patience, and feeling and love, not just about knowing, and deciphering, and comprehending. Dulce et utile, Horace said, but the sweet can often be useful, and the useful can often be ever so sweet. Trying to understand these texts is not easy; Easterlin refers to the biologist E. O. Wilson's important claim about complexity: Biology is almost unimaginably more complex than physics, and the arts equivalently more complex than (Consilience 67). Such sweeping claim should not intimidate literary critics, however; it is reminder how much valuable work remains to be done. After defining what biocultural criticism might look like, Easterlin applies her perspective to new historical version of narrative, aesthetics, and ideology, to cognitive and place-based version of ecocriticism, to cognitive science as mental ecology, and to an evolutionary-feminist reading of sex, mating and power. This structure accounts for part of the richness and complexity of A Biocultural Approach to Literary Theory and Interpretation. By applying her approach to number of different modes and methods of reading, she creates sense of how central her culture + biology (her Darwin + society) approach is to the practices in which literary critics are already engaged. …

Haatbaarden, kleuterneukers en een pannetje soep

Traditional religious groups are frequently under attack in contemporary society. This paper examines the negative framing found in social media. We look into the frame ‘haatbaard’ (‘hate beard’) for fundamentalist Muslims, ‘kleuterneuker’ (‘child fucker’) for clergy sexual abuse, and ‘pannetje soep’(‘soup pot’) for charity. Using framing theory, the paper shows how diagnostic and motivational framing are used to evoke strong negative responses toward orthodox religious groups. The anti-Muslim frame plays primarily on fear, whereas the anti-Catholic frame plays on anger. After examining these frames, the paper discusses the relation between religion, the state, and the public sphere and concludes by discussing the space for orthodox-religious groups in contemporary society and the frames needed to accommodate that.

Process Optimization and Consumer Acceptability of Salted Ground Beef Patties Cooked and Held Hot in Flavored Marinade

Food safety is paramount for cooking hamburger. The center must reach 71 °C (or 68 °C for 15 s) to assure destruction of E. coli O157:H7 and other food pathogens. This is difficult to achieve during grilling or frying of thick burgers without overcooking the surface. Thus, the feasibility of partially or completely cooking frozen patties in liquid (93 °C water) together with hot holding in liquid was investigated. Initial studies demonstrated that compared to frying, liquid cooking decreased (P < 0.05) patty diameter (98 compared with 93 mm) and increased (P < 0.05) thickness (18.1 compared with 15.6 mm). Liquid cooked patties had greater weight loss (P < 0.05) immediately after cooking (29 compared with 21%), but reabsorbed moisture and were not different from fried patties after 1 h hot water holding (61 °C). Protein and fat content were not affected by cooking method. However, liquid cooked patties were rated lower (P < 0.05) than fried patties for appearance (5.7 compared with 7.5) and flavor (5.9 compared with 7.5). An 8-member focus group then evaluated methods to improve both appearance and flavor. Salted, grill-marked patties were preferred, and caramel coloring was needed in the marinade to obtain acceptable flavor and color during liquid cooking or hot holding. Patties with 0.75% salt that were grill-marked and then finish-cooked in hot marinade (0.75% salt, 0.3% caramel color) were rated acceptable (P < 0.05) by consumers for up to 4 h hot holding in marinade, with mean hedonic panel ratings > 7.0 (like moderately) for appearance, juiciness, flavor, and texture. Grill-marked and marinade-cooked ground beef patties reached a safe internal cooking temperature without overcooking the surface. Burgers cooked using this method maintained high consumer acceptability right after cooking and for up to 4 h of hot holding. Consumers and foodservice operations could use this method without specialized equipment, and instead use inexpensive and common equipment such as a soup pot or a restaurant steam table. Use of marinades (salt/caramel color or others) in this cooking and holding method provides a nearly endless culinary flavoring opportunity.

Unseen Ancestors

Unseen Ancestors Abayomi Animashaun (bio) Not many remain in their graves as we would expect of the dead:Some wander out of their pits. Or, if buried beneath a sacred stone. Burst out of their sepulchers and roam the streets at the dark hours of the early morning.No rotten corpses here. Or, flesh-eating monsters return from the dead. Just quiet spirits, alive in the belly of the wind, whistling their old songs when it is howling:At times telling us stories about themselves: Especially, when we've forgotten tales of our birth.The wind against my window has stiffened: I know my grandfather is in the kitchen sniffing for meat in the pot of soup…The lid is rattling: He likes the aroma…Now the howling is intense: The pot is tittering on the stove…I go into the kitchen. Remove the meat. Sever it in two. And leave a bowl of cold water beside it. [End Page 147] Abayomi Animashaun Abayomi Animashaun's poems have also appeared in Drunken Boat, Obsidian III, Southern Indiana Review, and several other journals. Copyright © 2009 Abayomi Animashaun

They called me Mayer July: painted memories of a Jewish childhood in Poland before the Holocaust

Storehouse of Memories 1. My Town From the Ancient City Gate Along the River The Jewish Street Opatow Competition Was Keen Getting Around 2. My Family Dominoes, Cheesecake, and Cigarettes A Turkey as Big as a Calf Rivke the Cossack The Soup Pot Never Left the Stove The Courtyard Going Bankrupt 3. My Youth Robbed of My Youth Teasing Snails from Their Shells A Place to Belong No Future in Apt 4. My Future A Cold and Stormy Crossing A Heavy Heart A Daughter's Afterword Note on Language Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Index

Changing for the Better

1. Lawrence F. Nazarian, MD, Editor-in-Chief One of my uncles maintained a perpetual pot of soup to which he would add some new foods each day, constantly creating a fresh taste from the same batch of soup. Although the analogy cannot be stretched too far, in a sense Pediatrics in Review (PIR ) is like that marvelous soup in that the journal, while maintaining its basic character, evolves over time to meet the needs of our readers and our ultimate consumers, children around the world. The basic “stock” in our soup pot is the body of content specifications of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP), which provides a core of knowledge objectives encompassing the fundamentals of today’s pediatric medicine. Using this material to guide …

Changing for the Better

One of my uncles maintained a perpetual pot of soup to which he would add some new foods each day, constantly creating a fresh taste from the same batch of soup. Although the analogy cannot be stretched too far, in a sense Pediatrics in Review (PIR) is like that marvelous soup in that the journal, while maintaining its basic character, evolves over time to meet the needs of our readers and our ultimate consumers, children around the world.The basic “stock” in our soup pot is the body of content specifications of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP), which provides a core of knowledge objectives encompassing the fundamentals of today’s pediatric medicine. Using this material to guide us, and teaming with the PREP Self-Assessment, we are able to meet our major objectives of keeping readers current in pediatric knowledge and preparing them for the cognitive portion of the ABP’s Maintenance of Certification program. The PREP Curriculum is a learning system that covers the spectrum of pediatric medicine every 5 years.The meat and potatoes are the review articles and shorter “In Brief” pieces, augmented by the different flavors of “Index of Suspicion,” “Back to Basics,” “Visual Diagnosis,” and other special sections.Some newer ingredients have been added. In 2006, we expanded our capability by offering some articles in an online-only format. This additional publishing space has allowed presentation of important and interesting topics outside of the core content, such as assessing the potential for violence in adolescents, a practical approach to quality improvement in the office, and telemedicine. The telemedicine article also demonstrated the capability of online articles for providing striking audiovisual enhancement of the text.Another new flavor in 2006 was a section that informs readers of therapies outside of the mainstream that may be affecting their patients. Our colleagues at the University of Alberta have created this series in conjunction with the Provisional Section on Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Topics already covered include probiotics, Echinacea, peppermint oil, and garlic.Beginning with this issue, we highlight successful programs for children resulting from outreach of pediatric residents into the community. In collaboration with the Community Pediatric Training Initiative of the AAP and with support from the Anne E. Dyson Foundation, this series may inspire others to further the cause of community pediatrics. Our first report features a unique program that uses bicycles to make children more active physically while teaching them skills and self-reliance.PIR’s link with residents continues, as they write the “Focus on Diagnosis” articles and submit many of our “Index of Suspicion” cases, including the case that results from their annual case-writing contest. A grant from Ross allows distribution of PIR to all residents in the United States.Our international perspective is maintained by contributions from authors in many countries and through our international editions. We published a commentary by an Italian pediatrician on Italy’s intensive program of preparticipation screening of athletes (November 2006), and we are exploring other such observations by our colleagues worldwide.I would like to extend my thanks to the many individuals who have made this PIR soup so nourishing and tasty, including our Associate Editors Drs Tina Cheng and Joseph Zenel; section editors Drs Henry Adam, Janet Serwint, and Laura Ibsen; editorial board members; editorial assistant Sydney Sutherland; Luann Zanzola and Kerry O’Rourke at the AAP; Medical Copy Editor Deborah Kuhlman; the people at Cadmus and Highwire publishers; and our Consulting and Founding Editor Robert J. Haggerty.

Russian Talk: Culture and Conversation during Perestroika

Soulful, theatrical, intense: Russian talk is notably full of existential musing and dark passion. However, despite the widespread appreciation of Russian talk, no one has analyzed it as a form of cultural performance. As one of the first Western ethnographers to undertake fieldwork in Moscow, Nancy Ries did just that. In this pioneering study, she shows how everyday conversation shapes Russian identity and culture. Dire stories about poverty, hardship, and social decay recited constantly during perestroika served to fabricate a common worldview-conveying a sense of shared experience and destiny, and casting Russian society as an inescapable realm of absurdity and suffering. Ries agues that while these narratives aptly depicted the chaotic events of the time, they also comprised a kind of contemporary folklore, generic in their lamenting, portentous tones and their culturally poignant details. The story of a grandmother who stands in line all day in order to bring home a precious kilo of sugar becomes a parable of feminine self-sacrifice and endurance. Sardonic narratives about frustrated communal apartment dwellers pouring hot pepper in their neighbor's soup pot challenge the myth of camaraderie and express the proverbial notion that revenge is sweeter for Russians than reconciliation. This insightful ethnography suggests the enormous power that ordinary talk has, in any society, to shape social and political attitudes, and to produce distinctive cultural patterns.

"The Personal is Political," or Why Women's Rights are Indeed Human Rights: An African Perspective on International Feminism

At first the Sky was very close to the Earth. But every evening Woman cut off a piece of the Sky to put in her soup pot or as in another version she repeatedly banged the top end of her pestle carelessly against the Sky whenever she pounded the millet or as in yet another rendering--so prodigious is Mans inventiveness she wiped her kitchen hands on the Skys face. Whatever the detail of Womans provocation the Sky finally moved away in anger and God with it. The title to this essay is composed of two slogans well-known in the womens human rights movement--one drawn from the domestic arena and the other from the international arena. Both have been the subject of intense debate scrutiny and contestation from a variety of perspectives. As two Africans grappling with the pedigree and content of slogans that originated from within Western feminism we embarked on a search for their meaning. (excerpt)

Lope's 1613 Answer to Cervantes

LOPE'S 1613 ANSWER TO CERVANTES THOMAS E. CASE San Diego State University It is universally held that Cervantes and Lope de Vega knew each other personally but were never really friends.' In the more than thirty years their paths crossed in the literary world of the time, Cervantes and Lope did not hesitate to satirize each other's foibles. A favorite target of Cervantes was Lope's pretensions to nobility and the parading of supposed erudition in the prologues of works such as La Arcadia and El peregrino en su patria. Cervantes viewed the numerous quotations and allusions to writers of antiquity as false and bombastic pedantry and a flaw in Lope's character and writings.2 Little friction seems to have existed between the two in the years immediately following the publication of the first part oí Don Quijote in 1605. In 1610, Lope moved to Madrid to live permanently and became Cervantes's neighbor. Both joined the Congregación de Esclavos del Santísimo Sacramento and frequented the literary academies together. In 1613, their relationship was quite settled. In that year, Lope suffered the loss of his son and second wife and began preparing himself for the priesthood. There is no question that the two writers saw each other often at that time.3 The attack on Lope's learning and claim to classical erudition, however, continued to be a sore spot, and he was not likely to forget Cervantes' earlier satire. In November of 1613, a scene in Lope's comedia de santos, San Diego de Alcalá, appears to be a retort to the satire of eight years before in Don Quijote . In Act Three, several poor people show up at the door of the Convent of Santa Maria de Jesús in Alcalá de Henares to receive the charity doled out by Friars Diego and Alonso. Among the beggars is an old soldier, who pleads: En esta escudilla nueva, Antes que el caldo esté frío, Eche, por Dios, padre Diego; Porque estoy de arcabuzazos Tullido de pies y brazos. Another beggar, a cripple («cojo») complains: Destos soldados reniego. 125 126Bulletin ofthe Comediantes Friars Diego and Alonso beg them to keep quiet, but the soldier persists:¡Que a todos sustento den Y falte para un soldado Hecho un harnero! Friar Diego humorously answers: Por eso, Que no le di le confieso; Pero yo tendré cuidado, Que si un harnero está hecho todo el cuerpo, claro está Que el caldo se le saldrá Y no le entrará en provecho. To which the soldier replies: The scene continues: Fray Diego. Mujer. Soldado. Fray Alonso. Soldado. Cojo. Soldado.¡Oiga el relíente del Padre! Eche un sorbo solamente, Pues ha dado a tanta gente. Para su escudilla madre. Pagúesele, Dios, amén. Y yo, ¿soy algún guillote? .......................-[falta un verso]¿Qué importa que no le den?¿Qué importa? Luego el comer,¿No es negocio de importancia? No tenga tanta arrogancia. Pues, cojo de Lucifer, Está empedrando de pan Su escudilla, y yo perezco.¡Y arrogante le parezco! Pues, Padres, si no me dan, Echaréme de cabeza En ese pozo de caldo. Deje, por Dios, de aguinaldo Que moje aquesta corteza. Mire que he estado en Argel, En La Mancha, en Roma, en Troya, En Galicia y en Saboya, En Sanlúcar y en Daimiel; Lope 's 1613 Answer to Cervantes127 Y me han dado mil heridas Enemigos de la fe. The soldier argues and exchanges insults with the cripple, and ends up by smashing the other's bowl with his staff, and then mocks his adversary:¡Miren la cara que pone! Su reverencia perdone; Que soy soldado y honrado, Y no es mucha maravilla.«Mentís,» me dijo; y recelo Que dice el libro del duelo Que le quiebre la escudilla. ' Finally, when an old friend of Friar Diego, Ali the Moor, also begs for alms, the soldier becomes infuriated at the suggestion of charity to his former enemy, and runs off with the soup pot. This picaresque scene, reminiscent of Cervantes's own earthy humor, has little dramatic significance in the development of the structure of the play, except to inject a bit of...

A Conversation with Doris Lessing (1966)

I spent a weekday afternoon in October, 1966, with Doris Lessing, drinking wine and coffee, eating, talking. Whatever questions I might have had in my head disappeared into my embarrassment about not being able to operate the small tape recorder I was carrying. But Doris was, it turned out, as helpless as I, and son Peter had to be called on for manly assistance. It was a perfectly inappropriate scene. Here was the allegedly feminist author of The Golden Notebook, stirring a great pot of soup on the stove, calling for her twenty-year-old son to emerge from his downstairs bed-sitting room to help the American lady (also allegedly feminist). I don't know what I had expected, but surely not this friendly, attractive, slightly scattered woman. Surely not this small and comfortably dishevelled kitchen at the front of a narrow row house on a working-class street in north central London. Surely not the half-filled cat's dishes on the floor. Why not? Why had I not expected to feel comfortably able to relax for an afternoon of talk-once Peter had made the tape recorder work? Probably because Doris Lessing's stories don't make me feel comfortable. They're tough-minded, thoroughly unsentimental, sometimes cruel, often pessimistic, at least about personal relations. What comedy they offer is painful, black. And though I admire her books,

Methodology in Psychological Medicine

The development of psychological medicine in Great Britain has been accompanied by a certain feeling of inferiority amongst psychiatrists and psychotherapists. This has shown itself in rivalry, at times brisk and even acrimonious, which may be understood as a striving to obtain the object which another is thought to be pursuing. This state of affairs arises when there is uncertainty of objective; and all will agree that the objectives have been ill-defined and at times nebulous. Here as elsewhere the familiar characteristic has been” muddling along somehow When we come to consider possible reasons for this, one feature stands out, namely, the lack of originality in our insular school of thought. We have produced no Copernicus to revolutionize our methods and systems, and so sweep away intellectual vested interests. To meet the needs at home we have built up a national debt by borrowing. Our source of inspiration has been largely Continental. Freud, a little bitterly perhaps, alludes to ‘1the numerous psychiatrists and psychotherapists who warm their pot of soup at our fire — without indeed being very grateful for our hospitality “(I). The genius of Freud and of Jung lay in speaking from the heart and setting at naught traditional views. Their very different contributions have been so refreshing that many accepted, without questioning, the teaching of one or other of these pioneers. Others rejectedin toto(and often unread) what was described as “the new psychology But a more hopeful note has recently been sounded in this country; for the question of method, or way by which we proceed to the attainment of some aim, has been the subject of numerous contributions; and less attention is being paid to the technique embodied in the method. In this paper certain suggestions upon methodology will be made; and the subject will be examined critically, especially from the clinical aspect.