Posture Of School Children Research Articles

Association between the Use of Backpack and Static Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with Static Pronated Foot Posture: A 36-Month Cohort Study.

Background: Schoolchildren often spend a lot of time carrying a backpack with school equipment, which can be very heavy. The impact a backpack may have on the pronated feet of schoolchildren is unknown. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the backpack use on static foot posture in schoolchildren with a pronated foot posture over 36 months of follow-up. Methods: This observational longitudinal prospective study was based on a cohort of consecutive healthy schoolchildren with pronated feet from fifteen different schools in Plasencia (Spain). The following parameters were collected and measured in all children included in the study: sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, metatarsal formula, foot shape, type of shoes, and type of schoolbag (non-backpack and backpack). Static foot posture was determined by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI). The FPI was assessed again after 36 months. Results: A total of 112 participants used a backpack when going to school. Over the 36-month follow-up period, 76 schoolchildren who had a static pronated foot posture evolve a neutral foot posture. Univariate analysis showed that the schoolchildren using backpacks were at a greater risk of not developing neutral foot (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08–4.09). The multivariate analysis provided similar results, where the schoolchildren using a backpack (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.02–3.82) had a significantly greater risk of not developing a neutral foot posture. Conclusions: A weak relationship was found between backpack use and schoolchildren aged from five to eleven years with static pronated feet not developing a neutral foot posture over a follow-up period of 36 months.

Backpacks Effect on Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with a Neutral Foot Posture: A Three-Year Prospective Study.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the relationship between backpack use and foot posture in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a backpack on foot posture in children with neutral foot posture during three years of follow-up. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in a sample of 627 children with neutral foot. For each participant included in the study, age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, type of schoolbag (backpack or non-backpack), foot shape, metatarsal formula and type of shoes were recorded. Foot posture was described by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI) and reassessed after three years in a follow-up study. Results: The average age of the children was 8.32 ± 1.32 years. A total of 458 used a backpack when going to school. Over the three-year follow-up period, 50 children who had neutral foot developed supinated foot (n = 18) or pronated foot (n = 32). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the children using a backpack were at a higher risk of developing pronated foot (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.05, 95% IC: 1.08–3.89, p = 0.028). Backpack use was not associated with the change from neutral foot to supinated foot. Conclusions: We found a positive association between using a backpack and the risk of developing pronated but not supinated foot. Clinical trials should be conducted to analyze the effect of backpack use on the foot among schoolchildren.

The prevalence of posture pathology in school-aged children (results of a population-based study with the use of the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture”)

Pathology of posture in children remains currently unresolved problem. According to foreign studies in the general population, the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents with an angle above 10º according to Cobb accounts for 0.93 % to 12.00 %. In Ukraine, the prevalence of posture pathology is not known.The purpose of the work – to study the prevalence of posture pathology among school-aged children.Material and methods. 1922 schoolchildren of 6–17 years, residents of Kyiv (Ukraine), were examined with the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture” between 2017 and early 2019.Results. Deviation of the spinal column from the midline in the frontal, sagittal plane (functional and organic disorders of posture) was observed in 75.3 % of children. Among them, signs of scoliotic spinal deformity were found in 72.5 % of children, in girls – 1.5 times more often. The angle of maximum deflection of the scoliotic arch from the median line was ≥5º in 13.7 % of children with scoliosis and in 9.9 % of all the examined children.Conclusions. Sensitivity (95 %) and specificity (85 %) of the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture” were determined, which points to the necessity to be applied in health care maintaining practice. The pathology of posture in schoolchildren of the city of Kyiv was determined in 75.3 %, among them the signs of scoliotic spinal deformity were noted in 72.5 %. The scoliosis incidence with a deflection angle of spinal deformity ≥5º was 9.9 %. It attests to the fact that it is necessary to develop medical and social programs for the prevention and treatment of posture pathology in children.

Analisis of posture in school-age children according to optical topography

Purpose of study: the study of posture in school children in three planes according to computer optical topography. Patients and methods. A screening examination of 1835 children was performed using computer optical topography of the back, the average age was 11.21.7 years, girls 930 (50.6%), boys 905 (49.3%).
 Results and conclusion. The study showed that computer optical topography is a highly effective method for screening diagnostics of posture disorders in school children, posture disorders are a common condition, according to the topographic classification of posture disorders, occur in 69.46% of school age children.

THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN EDUCATING A CORRECT BODY POSTURE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

Posture expresses the way in which the body receives external stimuli and gets ready to react, constantly adapting to the demands, according to the difficulty and to the individual's motor skills. The aim of this study is to educate the correct body posture through specific physical therapy means. The hypotheses presume that: by performing a specific assessment, one can spot the bad postures that are frequently adopted by school children; through specific intervention programs, one can educate, correct, and form a correct posture reflex. The objectives were to: assess the school children in order to spot physical deficiencies; to educate a correct posture and to form a correct posture reflex. The research methods were established according to the objectives. In the end, it can be concluded that this research regarding the education of posture in school children has contributed to the prevention of instalment of physical deficiencies and to their correction, and the intervention measures were effective in educating the correct body posture.

Morphological and Functional Changes in Schoolchildren with Bad Posture

Abstract Introduction: In the new millennium, the medical community still deals with the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis as a three-dimensional (3D) curvature known in India before Hippocrates. However, we doctors that deal with deformities of the spine, stick to Reichalt's rule for treatment according to the size of the curvature and its progression. The aim of our study is to explain our own opinion for progression of bad posture in school children according to physical inactivity and use of video terminals (VT). Materials and methods: We have made some researches about standards of school screening for bad posture and its impact on morphological and functional changes in them. Results: Most of school children spend more than 2 hours in front of video terminals, they have increased body weight, and postural changes in sagittal plane. Discussion: Some postural bad positions in age of intensive growth can became structural. In the era of fast technology development the future generation shall have functional changes on body like result of long standing in bad position. Conclusion: The future studies for bad posture in school children should be aimed to find how much long sitting in front of VT can affect their health in the adult age.

The effect of schoolbag weight on cervical posture in schoolchildren

The effect of schoolbag weight on cervical posture in schoolchildren

Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. MethodEvaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied. ResultsFlexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups. ConclusionPosture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility.

Encouraging good posture in school children using computers

Musculoskeletal problems reported by school children using computers have often been linked to bad posture. This study investigates whether posture education affects the reported prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms amongst secondary school children using computers. A prospective blinded randomized controlled trial. A school in Leicestershire, UK. Seventy-one school children aged 11–12 years divided into intervention (n = 37) and control (n = 34) groups. Both groups received posture training delivered by teachers at the school and were assessed on their knowledge of correct posture. A follow-up lesson was delivered 1 week later during which the intervention group also received automated posture warnings and tips on their personal computers. The prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms were measured at the start of the study and at the start and end of the follow-up lesson and any differences between the two groups found over the course of the 60 min follow-up lesson noted. By the end of the follow-up lesson, the mean visual analogue pain scale representation of the degree of discomfort due to the musculoskeletal problems fell significantly from 1.53 to 0.39 for the intervention group, while that for the control group only fell from 1.23 to 1.13 (non-significant). The overall incidence of musculoskeletal problems in the intervention group showed a greater trend towards reduction, falling significantly from 32.4% to 5.4% compared with the control group, which fell from 29.4% to 20.59% (non-significant). Postural interventions that include on-screen reminders during the course of the lesson significantly reduce the reported severity of discomfort of musculoskeletal problems and are associated with a trend towards lower reported frequencies of musculoskeletal problems overall. This data may be relevant to those devising ergonomic correction programmes for school children.

Prevention and correction of posture in schoolchildren in various sports

Prevention and correction of posture in schoolchildren in various sports

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Poor Posture in School Children in the Czech Republic

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and the main risk factors of poor posture in school children in the Czech Republic. The cross-sectional study examined representative sample of children aged 7, 11, and 15 years in the year 2003. From the overall number of 3600 children, 3520 (97.7%) attended and were examined in preventive checkups. Data were obtained from medical examinations and from screening questionnaires. Poor posture was diagnosed in 38.3% children, more frequently in boys. A significantly different occurrence of poor posture was found between 7-year-old and 11-year-old children (33.0% and 40.8%, respectively). The most frequently detected defects were as follows: protruding scapulae (50% of all children), increased lumbar lordosis (32%), and round back (31%). Children with poor posture reported headache and pain in the cervical and lumbar spine more frequently. A total of 14% of children had body mass index levels over the 90th percentile, and the occurrence of poor posture was significantly less likely. On average, children spent 4 hours weekly performing sports activities and 14 hours weekly watching TV/VCR and playing computer games. No sports activities were reported by 20% of children, and these children had a significantly higher probability of poor posture than children performing sports. The results of our study can be used as an evidence with officials in the area of prevention, to support efforts to improve the health of our school children and to reduce the risk of postural damage to children's health.

Upper quadrant postural changes of school children in response to interaction with different information technologies

The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyse the sitting posture of school children interacting with both old (book) and new (laptop and desktop computers) information technologies to test the hypothesis that posture is effected by the type of information technology (IT) used. A mixed model design was used to test the effect of IT type (within subjects) and age and gender (between subjects). The sitting posture of 32 children aged 4 – 17 years was measured whilst they read from a book, laptop, and desktop computer at a standard school chair and desk. Video images were captured and then digitized to calculate mean angles for head tilt, neck flexion, trunk flexion, and gaze angle. Posture was found to be influenced by IT type (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001) and gender (p = 0.024) and significantly correlated to the stature of the participants. Measurement of resting posture and the maximal range of motion of the upper and lower cervical spines in the sagittal plane was also undertaken. The biophysical impact and the suitability of the three different information technologies are discussed.

Ultrasound topometric measurements of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in school children with normal and insufficient posture

The posture of school children was examined in order to establish whether possible differences in clinically normal and insufficient posture can be detected by means of ultrasound topometry. 105 healthy school children (56 female, 49 male) with an average age of 8 years (+/- 0.9) were examined. To classify the children as having sufficient or insufficient posture the Matthiass posture test was used. While the child stood in a relaxed position, the profile of the spine was measured with a topometric digitiser, recording each spinal processus from C7 to L5. 42 children (22 female, 20 male) showed an insufficient posture during the Matthiass test. The topometrically measured angles of kyphosis and lordosis were significantly smaller in these children, corresponding to a clinically greater thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. No significant differences in the lateral and anterior-posterior trunk deviation, nor in the range of trunk sway in the relaxed standing position could be observed. Using ultrasound topometry, the posture of children with sufficient and insufficient posture can be differentiated by measuring, the angles of kyphosis and lordosis. This quantification could be used for objective monitoring of the posture.

The posture of school children and its problem

The posture of school children was studied to find the method to correct their poor postures. The development of the back muscles which are related to the posture maintenance and the equilibrium was also examined.Moire-topography method was used for measurement. Subjects were 537 boys and girls at 2nd to 6th grade of elementary school and the their full-length bach figures were photogrphed.The following results were obtained.1. Those who had an abnormal posture were 239 pupils, 44.5% of the whole. Those who had a normal one were 298, 55.5%.2. As for the reform training, the following exercise proved to be effective. The child whose right side waist is higher than the left should turn the face rightward, wherever practicable, carry the bag in the right hand, and stand on an inclined plane as the right side on the inclined side. The child whose left waist is higher than the right should do the reverse movements.3. Most of the child who had good posture could stand on one leg with eyes closed for longer time, and balanced themselves on the forward side of their legs when they stood correct. Their good poise had no relation to the development of the back muscles.

A Study of School Posture and Seating

For more than two years the writer has been fortunate in having at his disposal unusual facilities for studying one of the vital and urgent problems of education, namely, the posture of school children and the seating equipment of schools. These facilities have been afforded by the Experimental Schools of the School of Education of the University of Chicago and by a leading industrial organization engaged in the manufacture of school seats. As research adviser for this company, the writer is continuing these studies indefinitely and as rapidly as practicable will make them available for the educational public. The investigations have led into a surprising range of anatomical, educational, sociological, industrial, commercial, and mechanical fields. A summary of the results which will be of interest to school officers is as follows:

The Posture of School Children in Relation to Nutrition, Physical Defects, School Grade, and Physical Training

The Posture of School Children in Relation to Nutrition, Physical Defects, School Grade, and Physical Training

The Posture Of School Children

The Posture Of School Children

The Posture of School Children. Jessie H. Bancroft

<i>The Posture of School Children</i>. Jessie H. Bancroft

The Posture of School Children: with its Home Hygiene and New Efficiency Methods for School Training

IT is beginning to be understood by parents and teachers that the complete education of children includes physical as well as mental training. The schools now no longer ignore the bodies of the pupils, but by medical inspection, graded physical exercises, which are remedial when necessary, and by careful sanitation, every effort is being made to make the children healthy in body as well as well trained mentally. In this useful undertaking doctors and teachers are cooperating, and one of the evidences of this joint endeavour is the appearance of numerous books intended to provide teachers with scientific and technical knowledge in an attractive form. The present volume is by the assistant-director of physical training in the public schools of New York City, and gives teachers guidance as to how to correct poor posture in the class-room, to prevent the various forms of curvature, and generally to assist normal growth.

New Efficiency Methods for Training the Posture of School Children

(1913). New Efficiency Methods for Training the Posture of School Children. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 309-312.