Postural Assessment Research Articles

Redesign of work facilities at the tofu pressing station with a participatory ergonomic approach

Tahu Palda is a small and medium-sized micro business in the food industry that produces tofu. This factory has been producing tofu since 2005, located in North Aceh. The workers in this tofu usually five workers, with an average of 7 working hours per day. Based on the observations at several workstations, initial data indicate that the dominant work posture is standing, bending, and lifting heavy loads such as a 20 kg weight for pressing and lifting a mold holder with a 15 kg load. This is done continuously for 7 working hours each day. Based on the results of the distribution of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), it was found that workers at the station experience complaints such as back pain, lower back pain, and upper arm pain due to the high frequency of lifting heavy loads. If this continues to be neglected, it can lead to work-related diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders. The assessment of workers' posture using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method shows that the score obtained for the job of pouring soybean paste is 7, which means a moderate risk, the job of lifting the press weight is 5, which means a moderate risk, and the job of flipping molds has a score of 10, which falls into the high-risk category and needs improvement. Improvements were made using a participatory ergonomics approach, resulting in the decision to redesign the tofu press tool to fit the workers' body anthropometry. The anthropometric calculations for the height range of the press support tool and cutting tool are 141.1 cm, the press support range is 68.78 cm, the width of the press tool is 49.4 cm, the height of the tray is 4.54 cm, and the height of the tray holder is 103.85 cm.

Artificial intelligence driven clustering of blood pressure profiles reveals frailty in orthostatic hypertension.

Gravity, an invisible but constant force , challenges the regulation of blood pressure when transitioning between postures. As physiological reserve diminishes with age, individuals grow more susceptible to such stressors over time, risking inadequate haemodynamic control observed in orthostatic hypotension. This prevalent condition is characterized by drops in blood pressure upon standing; however, the contrary phenomenon of blood pressure rises has recently piqued interest. Expanding on the currently undefined orthostatic hypertension, our study uses continuous non-invasive cardiovascular data to explore the full spectrum of blood pressure profiles and their associated frailty outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Given the richness of non-invasive beat-to-beat data, artificial intelligence (AI) offers a solution to detect the subtle patterns within it. Applying machine learning to an existing dataset of community-based adults undergoing postural assessment, we identified three distinct clusters (iOHYPO, OHYPO and OHYPER) akin to initial and classic orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, respectively. Notably, individuals in our OHYPER cluster exhibited indicators of frailty and sarcopenia, including slower gait speed and impaired balance. In contrast, the iOHYPO cluster, despite transient drops in blood pressure, reported fewer fallers and superior cognitive performance. Surprisingly, those with sustained blood pressure deficits outperformed those with sustained rises, showing greater independence and higher Fried frailty scores. Working towards more refined definitions, our research indicates that AI approaches can yield meaningful blood pressure morphologies from beat-to-beat data. Furthermore, our findings support orthostatic hypertension as a distinct clinical entity, with frailty implications suggesting that it is worthy of further investigation.

Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Control Posture in Larval Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ).

Cerebellar dysfunction leads to postural instability. Recent work in freely moving rodents has transformed investigations of cerebellar contributions to posture. However, the combined complexity of terrestrial locomotion and the rodent cerebellum motivate new approaches to perturb cerebellar function in simpler vertebrates. Here, we adapted a validated chemogenetic tool (TRPV1/capsaicin) to describe the role of Purkinje cells - the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex - as larval zebrafish swam freely in depth. We achieved both bidirectional control (activation and ablation) of Purkinje cells while performing quantitative high-throughput assessment of posture and locomotion. Activation modified postural control in the pitch (nose-up/nose-down) axis. Similarly, ablations disrupted pitch-axis posture and fin-body coordination responsible for climbs. Postural disruption was more widespread in older larvae, offering a window into emergent roles for the developing cerebellum in the control of posture. Finally, we found that activity in Purkinje cells could individually and collectively encode tilt direction, a key feature of postural control neurons. Our findings delineate an expected role for the cerebellum in postural control and vestibular sensation in larval zebrafish, establishing the validity of TRPV1/capsaicin-mediated perturbations in a simple, genetically-tractable vertebrate. Moreover, by comparing the contributions of Purkinje cell ablations to posture in time, we uncover signatures of emerging cerebellar control of posture across early development. This work takes a major step towards understanding an ancestral role of the cerebellum in regulating postural maturation.

Innovative hip-knee health evaluation: Leveraging pose estimation for single-leg stance postural stability assessment

The analysis of the Hip and Knee (HK) joint angles during single-leg stance (SLS) activity contributes to a great understanding of the bio-mechanical mechanisms and balance maintenance across different age groups. Comprehending how these joints operate in the dynamic state is critical for identifying age-related changes in joint control and stability which can contribute to reducing the risk of falls and improving mobility among people. The possibility of revealing the health of HK joints without resorting to an MRI scan is the significance of this work. By obtaining the data on joint angles during the SLS test, we succeeded in identifying those with a higher risk of HK issues and thus the possibility of early intervention and treatment. Our proposed work is going to use a pose estimation technique that will track the trajectories of HK angles followed by association with instabilities or compromised balance in this way, we can detect the affected joint and evaluate the severity of the issue. The study found stable mean and standard deviation values for HK joints in a young participant, both hips (107.14 ± 5, 96.42 ± 7) and both knees (36.76 ± 7, 44.30 ± 4), these values align with the expected norm (110–120° for the hip and 45–65° for the knee) which indicates stable results. while elderly participants showed high variability and low mean values for both hips (65.42 ± 77, 85 ± 76.67) and both knees (4.15 ± 10.8, 7 ± 18) indicating concerns about joint health and stability. The evaluation of HK joint angles through SLS activity offers new insights.

Scapula position test reliability and comparisons of scapula position and shoulder function among individuals with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

An evaluation of scapula position is important to predict spine curvature and shoulder function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Therefore, a reliable scapula position is required to assess posture in patients with AIS. This study investigated the reliabilities of scapula position tests and differences in scapula position and shoulder function between individuals with and without AIS. The study compared 18 patients with AIS and 18 healthy controls to identify differences in scapula position and shoulder function. The acromion-table distance, lateral displacement of the scapula, acromion depression, winged scapula, upward rotation of the scapula, and anterior tilt of the scapula were measured. Scapula position test reliabilities were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Shoulder function was measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. The reliabilities of scapula position tests (ICC 0.85-0.93, SEM 0.1-1.2, and MCID 0.2-2.5) were good. There were significant differences in scapula position and shoulder function between patients with AIS and healthy controls (p< 0.05). Scapula position tests were highly reliable in patients with AIS; they can be used to evaluate scapula position during clinical assessment of posture in patients with AIS.

A Security Posture Assessment of Industrial Control Systems Based on Evidential Reasoning and Belief Rule Base

With the rapid advancements in information technology and industrialization, the sustainability of industrial production has garnered significant attention. Industrial control systems (ICS), which encompass various facets of industrial production, are deeply integrated with the Internet, resulting in enhanced efficiency and quality. However, this integration also introduces challenges to the continuous operation of industrial processes. This paper presents a novel security assessment model for ICS, which is based on evidence-based reasoning and a library of belief rules. The model consolidates diverse information within ICS, enhancing the accuracy of assessments while addressing challenges such as uncertainty in ICS data. The proposed model employs evidential reasoning (ER) to fuse various influencing factors and derive security assessment values. Subsequently, a belief rule base is used to construct an assessment framework, grounded in expert-defined initial parameters. To mitigate the potential unreliability of expert knowledge, the chaotic mapping adaptive whale optimization algorithm is incorporated to enhance the model’s accuracy in assessing the security posture of industrial control networks. Finally, the model’s effectiveness in security assessment was validated through experimental results. Comparative analysis with other assessment models demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits superior performance in ICS security assessment.

The Tinetti Balance Test Is an Effective Predictor of Functional Decline in Non-Hospitalized Post-COVID-19 Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/Objectives: Individuals with post-COVID-19 conditions risk developing short- and/or long-term neuromuscular impairments, including postural imbalance. However, there is limited evidence showing whether balance deficits are associated with declines in the functional status in post-COVID-19 individuals. This study examined postural balance in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 individuals using different assessment tools and tested the most relevant balance tools in predicting functional status. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 60 adults split into control (n = 30) and post-COVID-19 (n = 30) groups. Postural balance was assessed in both groups using the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Tinetti Balance Test (Tinetti), and Mini-BESTest (MBT). Functional status in the post-COVID-19 group was assessed using post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS). Results: Significant differences in postural stability between groups were found only for the FRT. All balance tests showed a statistically significant correlation with PCFS in the post-COVID-19 group, with better performance in all tests being associated with better functional status: Tinetti (r = -0.584), FRT (r = -0.542), MBT (r = -0.530), BBS (r = -0.415) and TUG (r = 0.368). Tinetti was the independent variable that significantly played an important role in determining PCFS (adjusted R2 = 0.318, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Post-COVID-19 functional status is best determined by the Tinetti Balance Test, making it an effective tool for assessing postural balance deficits in this population, with potential implications for postural control assessment and rehabilitation.

Noninstrumented Clinical Assessment of Static Postural Stability in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several clinical tests are available to assess static postural stability in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI); however, it is unclear which test should be used. To determine which noninstrumented clinical tests should be used to detect static postural stability deficits in individuals with CAI. We searched 4 databases from their inception to February 2023, and included studies comparing static postural stability in individuals with CAI and healthy controls using noninstrumented assessments. Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, participant information, static postural stability assessment methods, and results. We calculated the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval using a random effects meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of the evidence. Fourteen cross-sectional studies (293 participants with CAI and 284 healthy controls) were included. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences between the CAI and healthy groups in the double-leg stance condition of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) (SMD, -0.03; low-certainty evidence). Significant group differences were found in the BESS single-leg stance (SLS) on firm and foam surfaces (SLS firm: SMD, 0.47, very low-certainty evidence; SLS foam: SMD, 0.80, very low-certainty evidence), the tandem stance (TS) on firm and foam surfaces (TS firm: SMD, 0.39, low-certainty evidence; TS foam: SMD, 0.76, low-certainty evidence), and the total BESS in the foam conditions (SMD, 1.12, very low certainty evidence). Significant differences were also found between the CAI and healthy groups in the foot-lift (SMD, 1.24; very low certainty evidence) and time-in-balance tests (SMD, -0.94; very low certainty evidence). Due to the large magnitude of the differences, the SLS foam, TS foam, and the total BESS in the foam conditions, as well as the foot-lift test or time-in-balance test, may be the most appropriate to clinically identify static postural stability impairment in individuals with CAI.

Construct Validity of a Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in Measuring Postural Sway and the Effect of Visual Deprivation in Healthy Older Adults

Inertial Motor sensors (IMUs) are valid instruments for measuring postural sway but their ability to detect changes derived from visual deprivation in healthy older adults requires further investigations. We examined the validity and relationship of IMU sensor-derived postural sway measures compared to force plates for different eye conditions in healthy older adults (32 females, 33 males). We compared the relationship of the center of mass and center of pressure (CoM and CoP)-derived total length, root means square (RMS) distance, mean velocity, and 95% confidence interval ellipse area (95% CI ellipse area). In addition, we examined the relationship of the IMU sensor in discriminating between open- (EO) and closed-eye (EC) conditions compared to the force plate. A significant effect of the instruments and eye conditions was found for almost all the variables. Overall, EO and EC variables within (force plate r, from 0.38 to 0.78; IMU sensor r, from 0.36 to 0.69) as well as between (r from 0.50 to 0.88) instruments were moderately to strongly correlated. The EC:EO ratios of RMS distance and 95% CI ellipse area were not different between instruments, while there were significant differences between total length (p = 0.973) and mean velocity (p = 0.703). The ratios’ correlation coefficients between instruments ranged from moderate (r = 0.65) to strong (r = 0.87). The IMU sensor offers an affordable, valid alternative to a force plate for objective, postural sway assessment.

Anticipatory postural adjustment deficits in children with developmental coordination disorder during a self-induced prehension task while standing on one leg

Effective postural control is essential for motor skill development, yet the specific nature of anticipatory control in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) remains poorly understood for complex or dynamic stability tasks. This study investigated anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) during a self-initiated dynamic stability task. The Can Placement Task (CPT)—a self-initiated dynamic stability task—was performed by 23 children with DCD and 30 typically developing (TD) children aged 9–12 years. The task involved standing on one leg while also repositioning a can on the floor. Center of pressure (COP) movement was recorded by two force platforms during the five phases of the movement. The ground reaction force measured external support during both descent to pick up the can and ascent after replacing the can. The study used a mixed-design approach with group (DCD, TD) as a between-subject factor and condition (can position close or far) and phase of movement as within-subject. Distinct movement control characteristics were shown for children with DCD including a greater range of COP movement and higher COP velocity in the anterior-posterior direction prior to movement initiation compared with TD. The DCD group also relied more on external support during both the downward and upward phases of the CPT and needed more trials to complete the task. Only two significant interaction effects involving Group and the within-subject factors emerged. Children with DCD swayed significantly more at specific phases of the task, especially when coming up and restoring balance, and did not adapt COP velocity as a function of reaching distance. Dynamic control of posture in children with DCD is impaired as they struggle to generate the effective APAs necessary to maintain dynamic stability which leads to greater reliance on external support and more corrective movements. The CPT provides a valuable assessment of posture and dynamic balance control during a complex prehension movement performed on one leg; the task highlights distinct movement patterns between children with and without DCD.

Postural Assessment of Indian Masons and Prototype Design of Work Table

Indian Masons are engaged in different construction activities like bricklaying, plastering, and concreting work in prolonged standing, sitting, trunk flexion posture at lumbar, squatting, and truck twisting posture to pick the materials, tools and perform bricklaying and plastering work throughout the day. A different study revealed that prolonged working in flexion posture and working in squatting posture without supporting any fixture would cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders gradually. Earlier studies also showed that working in poor posture correlated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study examines the influence of working in trunk flexion posture at the lumbar, trunk twisting, Neck twisting and squatting posture by the masons while performing different masonry work to find the discomfort among the Indian masons. The 64 male masons were observed and video-recorded at different construction sites. The REBA, ERIN, WERA and QEC methods are used for the assessment of exposure on the body. The assessment was performed on real-time images of masons performing bricklaying and plastering work. The REBA, ERIN, WERA and QEC results showed that masons were at high risk due to prolonged working in trunk flexion posture at the lumbar, working with twisting position of the trunk and Neck and squatting posture. The newly developed worktable will help the mason to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Prevalence of Non-specific Low Back Pain Among Chinese Healthcare Workers (Surgeons and Surgical Nurses): A Multi-Center Survey Study

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common diseases affecting many persons including Healthcare Professionals (HCPs). LBP affects the quality of work and daily activities in HCPs. However, many factors contribute to LBP including age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and working experience. Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of LBP and examine the potential risk factors associated with LBP in Chinese HCPs (surgeons and surgical nurses). Method: A cross-sectional survey performed from October 2023 to January 2024. Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) was used to assess the rating of LBP impairment. As well as Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) is used to assess the working postures of HCPs. In addition to five more questions with yes/no answers. Results: A total of 250 surgeons and surgical nurses were collected from six hospitals with a mean age of 45.8 ± 11.0 years old, 47 females and 203 males. The BMI was 25.07 ± 1.49 kg, and working experience was 20.30 ± 10.0 years. Working hours in a week range from &lt; 50 to &gt; 55 hours. However, the OWAS action category was 1 in 109, 2 in 107, 3 in 30, and 4 in 4 participants. The majority of participants with mild LBP (90.4%), half of them had neck pain, and 26% with knee pain. The QBPDS scores of HCPs with LBP were 10.88 ± 4.78. Moreover, the risk factors associated with LBP include long working hours and incorrect postures of the trunk and lower extremities. As well as notice the orthopedic surgeon was the highest risk among HCPs (p = 0.046, 0.005). Conclusion: LBP is a common disorder in surgeons and surgical nurses and is associated with different factors including age, work experience, BMI, and abnormal working posture.

Establishing the Reliability of the GaitON® Motion Analysis System: A Foundational Study for Gait and Posture Analysis in a Healthy Population.

Gait and posture analysis plays a crucial role in understanding human movement, with significant applications in rehabilitation, sports science, and clinical settings. The GaitON® system, a 2D motion analysis tool, provides an accessible and cost-effective method for assessing gait and posture. However, its reliability in clinical practice, particularly for intra-rater consistency, remains to be evaluated. This study aims to assess the intra-rater reliability of the GaitON® system in a healthy population, focusing on gait and posture parameters. A total of 20 healthy participants (10 males and 10 females) aged 18 to 50 years were recruited for the study. Each participant underwent gait and posture assessments using the GaitON® system on two separate occasions, spaced one week apart. Video recordings from anterior and posterior views were used to analyze gait, while images from anterior, posterior, and lateral views were captured to assess posture with markers placed on key anatomical landmarks. The reliability of the measurements was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), a standard error of measurement (SEM), and the smallest detectable difference (SDD) method. The GaitON® system demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability across a wide range of gait and posture parameters. ICC values for gait parameters, including hip, knee, and ankle joint angles, ranged from 0.90 to 0.979, indicating strong consistency in repeated measurements. Similarly, ICC values for posture parameters, such as the head alignment, shoulder position, and ASIS alignment, were above 0.90, reflecting excellent reliability. SEM values were low across all parameters, with the smallest SEM recorded for the hip joint angle (0.37°), and SDD values further confirmed the precision of the system. The GaitON® system provides reliable and consistent measurements for both gait and posture analysis in healthy individuals. Its high intra-rater reliability and low measurement error make it a promising tool for clinical and sports applications. Further research is needed to validate its use in clinical populations and compare its performance to more complex 3D motion analysis systems.

Assessment of Cervical Joint Position Sense and Head Posture in Individuals With Myogenic Temporomandibular Dysfunctions and Identifying Related Factors: A Case-Control Study.

Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs) have the potential to cause changes in cervical muscle strength, muscle endurance and position sense by changing muscle activation patterns, especially as a result of forward head posture. The effects of TMDs on cervical joint position sense (CJPS) and head posture remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the head posture and CJPS of individuals with TMDs and compare them with healthy individuals. This research, which was designed as a case-control study, was concluded with the inclusion of total of 84 participants (42 individuals diagnosed with myogenic TMDs, 42 controls). The assessment of participants included pain severity, neck and jaw functionality and disability, CJPS, head posture and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) range of motion (ROM). Individuals with TMDs exhibited higher angular deviation in CJPS during flexion and extension (p < 0.001). Additionally, individuals with TMDs demonstrated higher TMJ pain, limitation and dysfunction severity, as well as a more limited TMJ ROM (p < 0.001). Head posture was similar between groups (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between VAS-TMJ with VAS-cervical, FAI, NDI, JFLS-8 and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between NDI with FAI and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05). These results indicate that in addition to higher pain severity, disability and lower jaw ROM, CJPS of individuals with TMDs is also negatively affected. Also, parameters related to disability and functionality of cervical and TMJ were significantly correlated. Further studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to these results.

The standard posture is a myth: a scoping review.

The standard posture described in Kendall's manual is commonly used for postural assessment. However, no bibliographic reference was provided to support its use. To identify the original source and the procedure followed for the design of that posture and to compare it with current literature on the subject. In accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations, PubMed and Scopus were searched using the terms "standing posture", "plum line," and "gravity line". Publications in English, French, German, or Spanish that referred to posture in adults without pathology were included. Six articles and 3 books were included in the final analysis. An identical posture to that described in Kendall's manual was identified in an early 19th-century work carried out with the unrealistic objective of maintaining static bipedal standing without muscular support, and including several anatomical misconceptions. Furthermore, the "ideal alignment" described in Kendall's manual does not correspond to the actual line of gravity, the comfortable posture, or natural postural compensations due to age, gender, or race. The utilization of this standard to ascertain postural deficiencies is not supported by current evidence and may result in numerous false positives, particularly in the elderly.

Balance and Walking Speed Outcomes in Individuals Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation for Acute Cerebellar Stroke.

Cerebellar strokes account for only 2-3% of all strokes occurring annually in the United States but represent a disproportionally higher share of morbidity and mortality. Evidence examining the effect of inpatient rehabilitation on functional outcomes following a cerebellar stroke is limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of inpatient rehabilitation on balance and walking speed in individuals with cerebellar stroke. A secondary purpose of this study was to examine the length of inpatient rehabilitation stay of the included patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted using review of patient records during their inpatient rehabilitation stay from January 2021 to February 2022 at a large hospital system in the southeast United States. Balance and gait outcomes were examined on admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation that included physical therapy interventions. A paired t-test examined for changes in outcomes from admission to discharge. Pearson correlation examined for the association between length of stay and outcomes. A total of 15 records were reviewed. There were significant improvements in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), and the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) (p's < 0.01) from admission to discharge with large effect sizes (range d = 0.70-1.67) following inpatient rehabilitation. The average length of stay was 12.67 days (SD = 6.5) and the mean total hours of combined occupational, physical, and speech therapy was 27.33 (SD = 6.52) h. There was a moderate association between length of stay and PASS (r = 0.525, p = 0.04) and BBS (r = 0.546, p = 0.04) outcomes. Patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation following acute cerebellar strokes demonstrated improvements in balance and gait speed. Study results could assist clinicians designing interventions for patients with cerebellar strokes in the inpatient rehabilitation setting.

Comparison Of Kinovea And Force Platforms For Postural Stability Assessment In Older Adults

Comparison Of Kinovea And Force Platforms For Postural Stability Assessment In Older Adults

Correlation between physical activity and anthropometric measurements among children and adolescents

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to measure the association between the level of physical activity and sedentary conditions with anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of a convenience sample of 400 children and adolescents from public schools in Itapevi-SP, Brazil. The Physical Activity Checklist Interview or LAF “Lista de Atividades Físicas” in a Brazilian version, was administered in a face-to-face interview on a school day and allowed assessment of sedentary behavior and physical activity on the previous day. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, sex, age, and lower limb posture. The participants were photographed in the frontal and sagittal planes, and the photos were analyzed using postural assessment software (PAS/SAPO). Pearson's tests were applied to analyze correlations. ResultsChildren and adolescents show a greater tendency toward valgus knees with increasing body mass (r = ‒0.33). On average, girls have a larger Q angle. Ankles are less likely to become valgus with increasing age and mass (r = ‒0.18 and ‒0.23, respectively). The horizontal alignment of the pelvis is mostly in anteversion with a significant increase with age (r = 0.27) and a slight increase with mass (r = 0.15). The knee and ankle tend to be less hyperextended and more dorsiflexed from the age of 10, with no correlation with the other variables. It was not possible to observe a clear relationship between the time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior and the postural angles mentioned above. ConclusionAlthough correlations were found between age, sex and body mass, and postural angles, notably pelvis alignment, Q angle, knee, ankle, sex, and body weight, there was no correlation between the time spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and lower limb posture.

The relationship between static and dynamic postural deformities with pain and quality of life in non-athletic women

BackgroundThe assessment of the postural condition with functional tests are used with the least facilities in the shortest time, for a wide the range of movements for different parts of the body. Both static and dynamic posture measurements are predictive of injury. These two assessments provide different information regarding posture control. Also, with the advancement of this technology, the speed of posture assessment and deformity diagnosis can be increased and done with the minimum facilities. This can signal a new method for the quick diagnosis of abnormalities and ultimately prevent or correct psychological effects and musculoskeletal pain in the future. Because as seen according to the citations, abnormalities cause musculoskeletal pains, movement restrictions and ultimately affect the quality of life.MethodsThe current research is of the applied and semi-experimental type, and in terms of the results it is of the relational and correlational type. In this research, 148 non-Athletic women from Fardis City participated, in which the results obtained from the static evaluation was analyzed by the Posture Screen application after taking photos from four directions using a smartphone, and also the dynamic evaluation was identified and analyzed by the researcher using the overhead squat test of compensatory movements, with the data that from Cornell pain and quality of life SF-36 questionnaires was. Data description and correlation between variables were done with the η coefficient method.ResultsAccording to the findings there is a positive and significant correlation between the prevalence of uneven pelvic deformity and the amount of pain in non-athletic women (P = 0.036, η (148) = 0.17). In other words, pain increased significantly when the pelvis was changed from a normal position to a lateral deviation position. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the prevalence of deformity of knee movement, back arch, straight back, heel lift and the quality of life in non-athletic women (P = 0.020, η (148) = 0.19).ConclusionsAccording to the results, deformities have an effect on pain and the frequency of pain, on the other hand, in the present study, dynamic evaluations showed deformities more accurately than static evaluations.

Postural analysis of adolescent young athletes in different sports branches

The effects of posture on athletic performance have been the focus of attention of many researchers and the importance of body posture in achieving success has become undeniable. This study aimed to perform the postural evaluation of adolescent youth athletes who are trained in basketball, soccer, volleyball, and swimming branches. A total of 88 adolescent athletes (32 boys and 56 girls) with an average age of ±12.37 years, an average height of ±1.58 cm, an average body weight of ±48.2 kg, an average BMI of ±18.19 and an average training age of ±2.06 years from football, volleyball, and swimming branches actively active in Manisa and Bursa provinces participated in the study. Posture analysis of the athletes was performed using the Apecs-AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System® mobile posture application. The data obtained from the athletes were evaluated with the NewYork Posture Assessment Test (NYPD). The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 package program. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for independent samples. According to the results of the analysis, there was a significant difference between training age and NYPD scores according to branches (p&lt;.05). Significance was found between NYPD and body axis scores in volleyball and soccer athletes (p&lt;.05). There was no difference between NYPD and other variables in swimming and basketball. As a result, it is thought that the effect of the training age variable on posture structures differs specifically according to the branches, and posture is negatively affected as the training age increases in volleyball and soccer players.