Poststructuralist Paradigm Research Articles

Linking Paradigms and Methodologies in a Qualitative Case Study Focused On Exploring the Operation of Power in Human Actions During the Design of a New Occupational Therapy Intervention

A research paradigm represents how a researcher views the nature of reality and guides how they engage in research to generate knowledge from that reality. Power is a construct that impacts on the individual actions of the researcher and the participants, and their interactions with each other, across a range of perspectives of reality. Qualitative researchers select different paradigmatic stances to represent how they consider and work with the influences of power on these human relations. This influences their decisions about which research design and methodology they select. Drawing on my doctoral study, which explored the process by which a group of occupational therapists designed an intervention for caregivers of children on anti-retroviral treatment living in low-income conditions in South Africa, I describe my process of selecting a poststructuralist paradigm, an instrumental case study design, and a co-operative inquiry methodology to illuminate the operation of power in the research process. An overview of the potential offerings and limitations of different paradigms, research designs and methods, as applied to this research example, are presented to support my assertions. In conclusion, I argue for the more consistent consideration and description of the interplay between paradigms, research design and methodology, to ensure the selection of the best suited combination to explore and describe the influences of power in the research process.

REPEATED TAX AMNESTY DECONSTRUCTION IN FULFILLING JUSTICE ACCORDING TO ACCOUNTING

Research Purposes. This study aims to explain the process of deconstructing justice in the recurring tax amnesty policy as economic events that are recorded and reported using accounting so that justice according to accounting is accommodated in it. Research MethodsThis study uses a qualitative approach in which the researcher adopts a poststructuralist paradigm, especially Derrida's deconstruction. Research Results and Findings. The practice of deconstructing justice can be seen clearly in discussions on the legal plan at the government level, debates on the legal draft, ratification of laws, judicial review, adoption of accounting standards for assets, attempts by taxpayers to file objections and post-implementation monitoring goals recurring tax amnesty. The accountant also accommodates all of these deconstruction processes and is involved in them, thereby strengthening the concept of justice according to accounting. This study provides a theoretical and practical description of the deconstruction process of universal justice and justice according to accounting in the recurrent tax amnesty policy.

The Concepts of Discourse and the Theoretical Genealogy of Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis has become an important research approach in humanities and social sciences, involving a wide range of disciplines, schools and theories. Among the research literatures, which are named “discourse” or “discourse analysis”, there are significant differences in conceptual connotation and analysis frameworks, which are actually different from the theoretical origin and genealogy. In early studies, in view of structural linguistics, discourse is defined as “language above the sentence”, and discourse analysis is focused on the structure of language. The discourse analysis from the functional perspective emphasizes the use of language, highlighting the language users, the purpose and intention of the language users, or the situational context, including form/function analysis and context analysis. In social science, in approach of post-structuralism, discourse is “a form of social practice in which language plays a central role”, and discourse analysis is dedicated to revealing the social contradictions, conflicts and fairness, as well as the constructive role of discourse in the macro-social, cultural and historical process. The convergence of functional perspective and post-structuralist paradigm of discourse analysis has led to critical discourse analysis, an interdisciplinary field which inherits the post-structuralist view of language, cares about social practice, and at the same time attaches importance to linguistic texts. van Dijk's “Discourse-Cognitive-Social” analysis model, Wodak's “Discourse/History” critical discourse analysis model, and Fairclough's “Social event, Social practice, and Social structure" analytical framework are the typical representatives of critical discourse analysis.

Teaching Chinese to Ethnic Minority Students in Hong Kong: A Systematic Review

Abstract This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR. Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade (2010–2020), and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong. Most of the research took a phenomenological approach, using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools. The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students. The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.

‘Intentionality and Unintentionality in Art’: Jan Mukařovský’s ‘Pre-Post-Structuralism’, 1940–43

The article discusses Jan Mukařovský’s lecture from 1943 (published in 1966) in the context of a possible (post)post-structuralist paradigm, stressing his notion of the dichotomy of the work of art as a sign (standing for conventional or default works of art) on the one hand, versus his radical understanding of the work of art as a thing on the other. According to Mukařovský, the work of art as a thing stands out unpredictably when a literary text ceases to make unified sense as a communicative sign and instead begins to appear as an incomprehensible, silent, mute thing, thus radically provoking readers’ interpretative efforts.

The Paradigm of Village Development in South Sulawesi in Utilizing Village Funds in the Agricultural Sector

Social, economic and ecological development in rural areas is currently the main concern of the Indonesian Government at the national level. This study aims to determine the extent to which village funds are used by the government and village communities for the development of the agricultural sector and the application of the development paradigm in the agricultural sector. The population in this study were all villages in South Sulawesi that received Village Fund assistance from 2015 to 2019. Sampling was based on village classifications according to the Developing Village Index (IDM). Based on the results of the analysis method, it shows that the Village Fund can only be used to fund two of the four activity sectors that can be financed from the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely the development sector and the rural empowerment sector. Public. Whereas the application of the development paradigm in each village is based on the village classification using the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely: 1) The village is very backward adopting the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 2) under developed villages adopt the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 3) Building the village by adopting the Liberal paradigm. 4) developed villages adopt a liberal a paradigm. 5) independent villages adopt a liberal paradigm.

The changing discourse of intercultural ethics: a diachronic meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Contemporary epistemological debates on how to research interculturality frequently draw on either side of a schism between positivist and essentialist approaches vs. critical and poststructuralist paradigms. The debate lives from its retrospective either-or character dividing the history of research on interculturality into a first epoch of epistemological naiveté and a more recent age of ethical consideration and reflection. This dichotomy however is too simplistic, and it blurs our views from perceiving a more complex present and past reality. This study assumes that research on interculturality has always built on normative orientations from social discourse and that this discourse has been under permanent change. Accordingly, it assumes that there has not been a paradigm shift or break in research but that this shift has only been used as a hegemonic instrument in inner-disciplinary discourses. This study re-traces this changing discourse of intercultural ethics using a grounded theory approach to central literature from the field. Since the 1960s, four epochs of different normative orientations have been identified from pragmatism via modesty and then a new hope up to a most recent epoch of new explorations. This results in a more complex picture of the normative discourse on interculturality beyond the positivism-poststructuralism debate.

Pedagogical Praxis and Educational Practices in Pós-Critical Theory

The changes that occur in the educational field are nourished by the rationality of different paradigms, with post-structuralism and post-modern thinking determining in the (re)configuration of educational practices in contemporary times. This article aims to reflect on the contributions of Post-Critical Theory in the formulation, understanding and development of pedagogical praxis and educational practice in terms of conceptualization and methodology. The proposal comes from the epistemological, social and educational changes brought about by the reflections of the Post-Critical Theory, instigating us to raise elements to promote a dialogue that can collaborate to meet the theoretical-practical demands brought by the referred scientific approach. The ideas are based both on authors who analyze the concept of praxis and educational practices (SOUZA, 2012), as well as on those who validate the influence of the post-structuralist paradigm and post-modern thinking such as Jean-François Lyotard (1984), Gadamer (1997) and Habermas (1987a, 1987b), who approach hermeneutics and dialectics as possibilities of methodological composition for data analysis. And, in this aspect, we anchored, too, with Heiddeger (2005a, 2005b) who helps in the intelligibility of the hermeneutic circle. The intention is to promote reflection on the concept of educational practices and their epistemological implications from the perspective of Post-Critical Theory so that it is possible to understand current social phenomena and, thus, strengthen the methodological proposals that are in line with the problems undertaken by this current theoretical. Our considerations, therefore, provide subsidies that broaden the debate about educational praxis and pedagogical praxis as sine quan non categories in the educational field.

BITERNARY OPPOSITION AS AN ELEMENT OF MULTIPOLAR SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE IN POSTSTRUCTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The target of research is the structuralist and poststructuralist paradigm of describing and explaining cultural constants through binary or ternary semiotic codes. The author’s hypothesis, based on anthropological theories of V. Turner and Cl. Levi-Strauss as well as those of contemporary South American anthropologists E. V. de Castro and E. Kohn, is that socio-cultural oppositions must be considered not as binary but as ternary ones. The main aim is to trace the influence of structuralism and poststructuralism on the construction of binary, ternary, tetrary schemes of coordination and subordination of elements of complex «neuro»-systems in Ethnology and Social Anthropology. The originality of the study lies, first, in clarification of the formal components of binarism and its derivatives (such as «monodualism», «monotrialism», and «bitrialism», the latter being introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time) as an approach that claims to be a universal explanation of the existence of cultural constants, and, secondly, in author’s suggestion to replace the discrete horizontal and vertical planar projections of the «primitive ontology», produced by binary and ternary oppositions, with the one integrating them into three, namely tridimensional, «bitriplet». Conclusion: in social sciences logical binarism of structuralism together with post-structuralism were replaced by tetrary, monodual, bitriple semiotic schemes with a large number of poles and fractional scale divisions of the states of analyzed systems that are able to capture and describe not only two-dimensional but three-dimensional statically-balanced and dynamically-non-balanced states of complex metaphysical, mytho-ritual, and social systems.

Character Building with Literature: Linguistic Creativity of Helen Keller in Writing Autobiography (The Story of My Life)

The rapid development of online-social media has now provided greater convenience for transactions and interaction. It also greatly affects the mindset and behavior of user communication. Any information that is both positive and negative can easily be accessed by the public. And in admit or not, slowly began to change the pattern of life and thought patterns of people, especially bad language or hate speech with all the images that characterize them. The study of literature encourages empathy, tolerance for diversity, imagination and emotional intelligence which is the understanding of feelings, both of one’s own and the others and literature as a medium in increasing the higher order thinking skill. The research is qualitative and descriptive in nature. The feminist paradigm of thought, a key framework among the poststructuralist paradigms and cognitive language are used as the conceptual framework for the execution of the research to reveal the creativity of Helen Keller. The method is qualitative descriptive. Helen Keller who after her illness, her infancy and early childhood were a succession of days of frustration become wild, unruly child" who kicked, scratched and screamed but literary works shaped her language and character into polite, creative, and empathy woman.

Musical Elicitation Methods

Music is an underutilized resource for research in the social sciences. This article presents examples of musical elicitation methods that were used within a study that explored how adolescents who were referred to group music therapy for aggression produced meanings of aggression through the therapeutic process. The study was conducted within a poststructuralist paradigm, particularly using the theoretical thinking tools of Deleuze and Gergen. The elicitation methods discussed include drumming, creating images during music listening, and songwriting. The article argues for the role of musical elicitation methods particularly within research that values a radical relational stance that allows participants to comfortably territorialize the research encounter, and in light of considering the transformative potential of research itself.

Gendered and classed performances of ‘good’ mother and academic in Greece

The enduring significance of gender and how it intersects with class in the organization of parenting, domestic and professional work has been obscured in contemporary neoliberal contexts. This article examines how Greek academic women conceptualize and enact motherhood and the classed and gendered strategies they adopt to reconcile ‘good’ motherhood with notions of the ‘good’ academic professional. It draws on semi-structured interviews about the career narratives of 15 women in Greek medical schools in the aftermath of the Greek recession. The analysis presented in this article is informed by a feminist post-structuralist paradigm and an emic approach to intersectionality. Motherhood emerged in the data as a dynamic concept, and a network of practices both constrained and enabled by gendered and classed family and work cultures. Drawing on a neoliberal ‘DIY’ and ‘having it all’ discourse, Greek mothers claimed that they could achieve almost anything professionally, if they organized their private lives sensibly. They drew on idealized discourses of motherhood, but they also contradicted these notions by doing non-traditional forms of motherhood, such as remote or transnational motherhood, afforded by their privileged social positioning and academic careers. Further research is required to investigate configurations of classed motherhood in less prestigious professions.

Luis de Góngora and Lope de Vega: Masters of Parody by Lindsay G. Kerr

Reviewed by: Luis de Góngora and Lope de Vega: Masters of Parody by Lindsay G. Kerr Edward H. Friedman kerr, lindsay g. Luis de Góngora and Lope de Vega: Masters of Parody. Tamesis, 2017. 213 pp. As one approaches the end of the road, so to speak, there is a consciousness of time that differs from a more youthful sensibility. A mature person may be especially preoccupied by the trajectory of life and may be in search of synthesizing elements to round out a pattern of decisions, achievements, and expression of feelings. A writer is likely to be more self-conscious than the average citizen, more prone to self-reflection and self-examination. In this context, I think of Ruth El Saffar's Novel to Romance (Johns Hopkins, 1974)—a work of my (relative) youth—which looks at Cervantes's Novelas ejemplares and other writings as reflecting his mindset at different stages of intellectual and artistic development. Cervantes's later works, according to El Saffar, demonstrate a change of direction and a change of heart on the part of the author, who tends to incorporate a recognition of mortality and a renewed understanding of idealism into his writings, including Part 2 of Don Quijote. My current senior status perhaps makes me a strong candidate to analyze, and to comprehend more thoroughly than younger colleagues, the thesis and the readings of Luis de Góngora and Lope de Vega by Lindsay G. Kerr, a formidable recent PhD. A key element of Kerr's study is the association of the later literary accomplishments, or late style, of Góngora and Lope with parody. Kerr maintains that, in essence, "Lope and Góngora use the same methods—regardless of style—in order to renew, to pay homage and to acknowledge the limits of art" (193). The road is complex, given that it is lined with analyses that are intricate, striking, and more often than not informed by interpretive strategies based on concepts that are in themselves conspicuously indirect. Jacques Derrida is a notable presence in the commentary, and, perchance fittingly, endless mediation via what could be called "metalayers" may affect the author's interest in "pragmatic effects" (8), but, thankfully, not the impact or insights of the readings. There is an intertextual focus here that seeks the roots of parody and that regularly pays heed to classical sources. [End Page 514] Something highly significant is gained by the juxtaposition of the two poetic geniuses, whose approaches to parody at the end of their trajectories are testaments to similitude and difference. Kerr hopes to elaborate ways in which Góngora and Lope demonstrate, through artistic creation and in diverse styles, a reading of poetry, the world, and themselves. Parody embraces a set of presuppositions, one of which, as Kerr sets forth, is confrontation. The establishment of a theory of parody is a fascinating enterprise, fraught with paradoxes and, following the post-structuralist paradigm, endless mediation. I see this as a requisite and positive factor and by no means as an impediment to the pleasure of the texts under scrutiny, among them Kerr's study itself. The book is divided into five chapters, together with an introduction and a brief afterword. The first chapter ("Parodic Beginnings") and the concluding chapter ("Last Laughs") frame detailed examinations of Góngora's Fábula de Píramo y Tisbe and Lope's Rimas de Tomé de Burguillos and La Gatomaquia. A common denominator of the methodology—of Kerr and of her subjects—is the dialectics of tradition and innovation. Góngora is an example par excellence of Baroque rivalry. He seems always attuned to the literary past, which he attempts not to emulate but to surpass. Arguably, he exhibits Harold Bloom's "anxiety of influence" with each stroke of the pen. Góngora may be classified as obsessive in his attention to the works and modes of writing of his predecessors, but he finally can poke fun at his models, and at himself, by choosing the new over the old in a poem that unmistakably evokes classical antiquity. Kerr identifies in Góngora a surprising depth of emotion, a response to the formulaic qualities and the...

Translingual Practice as Spatial Repertoires: Expanding the Paradigm beyond Structuralist Orientations

The expanding orientations to translingualism are motivated by a gradual shift from the structuralist paradigm that has been treated as foundational in modern linguistics. Structuralism encouraged scholars to consider language, like other social constructs, as organized as a self-defining and closed structure, set apart from spatiotemporal ‘context’ (which included diverse considerations such as history, geography, politics, and society). Translingualism calls for a shift from these structuralist assumptions to consider more mobile, expansive, situated, and holistic practices. In this article, I articulate how a poststructuralist paradigm might help us theorize and practice translingualism according to a spatial orientation that embeds communication in space and time, considering all resources as working together as an assemblage in shaping meaning. I illustrate from my ongoing research with international STEM scholars in a Midwestern American university to theorize how translingualism will redefine the role of constructs such as language, non-verbal artifacts, and context in communicative proficiency.

Tapping the Wire: A Telegraphic Discourse

AbstractFocusing on mid- to late nineteenth century texts about the telegraph, this essay traces a US literary discourse around this groundbreaking technological innovation that sees writers move from a sense of euphoria over seemingly having overcome the confines of time, space, and embodiedness to the gothic gloom of war and surveillance, finding its end in a subgenre of regressive telegraphic romances. Discussing short journal pieces from periodicals such as the Atlantic Monthly and Harper’s as well as more canonical texts (from Walt Whitman to Emily Dickinson), “Tapping the Wire” analyses this cultural evolution in light of poststructuralist media-theoretical paradigms to come to a closer understanding of the epistemological issues these fictions brought to bear on telegraphy as the first truly digital means of communication—and arguably the founding technology of our current technosocial landscape(s).

Why social work and sociology need psychosocial theory

Sociology and social work as disciplines have, over the last decades, had an, at best, ambivalent relationship. Whereas branches of sociology, such as symbolic interactionism, have produce theory of immense use to social work, for example the concept of ‘stigma’ and work in the field of identity, others are harder to utilise and indeed can seem to be antithetical to building social work theory for practice. Both structuralist and post-structuralist paradigms have been criticised for this latter difficulty. This paper argues that the current cross-disciplinary developments integrating scholars concerned with theory, research and practices, from within sociology, psychoanalysis, psychology, social policy and social work, with the academic and practice discipline of psychosocial studies, offers a way forward. The theory, the paper suggests, from psychosocial studies, allows a re-analysis of some of the impasses in applying post-structural sociological theory to essentially modernist projects such as social work. It also bridges traditional academic/practice divides such as the role of the ‘knower’ in relation to the ‘known’ and elucidates an agenda for research practices and methodologies which harness sociological and social work ontologies.

Dancing the Tightropes: Rhizoanalysis revisited

The aim of my Master’s thesis was to explore alternative concepts of anerkjennelse (recognition), hoping to expand the ways anerkjennelse could be thought and done in the field of Norwegian early childhood education and care. I used auto ethnographic methods in a Norwegian preschool and worked with rhizoanalysis as a strategy for reading the data. I wrote within a poststructuralist paradigm, influenced by a range of critical theories. During and after this work, I was, and still am, haunted by the question: Was the (re)search rigorous enough to count as valid? The aim of this article is to linger a bit longer in that itchy state. Validity refers to the inferences drawn from the data, but the term validity is highly problematic after poststructuralism. Working within a poststructuralist paradigm of research, the intention was never to draw traditional inferences. What I did draw from the data was the readings done through rhizoanalysis, hence the task of this article: to revisit rhizoanalysis.

Representing Refugee Youth in Qualitative Research: Questions of Ethics, Language and Authenticity

This article speaks conceptually and methodologically about the ethics and politics of doing research with newcomer refugee youth and issues of representation. Feminist poststructuralist paradigms across a variety of fields have critically examined notions of experience, agency, and identity to in order to encompass more fluid understandings of how individuals and events are represented in text (Butler & Scott, 1992; Canning, 1994;Scott, 1986;Wolf, 1996). Starting from this theoretical framework, I draw from experiences of conducting research with a group of high school refugee students from the Vietnamese Central Highlands to reflect on how positionality and reflexivity can influence the portraits researchers render of their study participants. I consider the importance of examining the interplay between language and authenticity of representation in qualitative research with refugee English Language Learner (ELL) youth.

“I Would Study Harder if I Was a Girl”: Gendered Narratives of Low-Achieving Male and High-Achieving Female EFL Learners

Informed by a social and critical turn of reading practices and a poststructuralist paradigm of gender, this study delved into the commonly held belief that reading and language learning is a feminine domain, and examined the connection between the construction of gendered subjectivities and English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) reading practices among two high-achieving female students and two low-achieving male students in China and Sweden. The narrative inquiry revealed that gender played a role in shaping their decisions concerning the extent to which they invested in EFL reading. The students’ narratives, characterized by subject positions that revealed a feminization of EFL reading and a subjectification to the patriarchal order, leads to our argument that English reading in both contexts can be viewed as a right for men but as work for women. This view gives male students a legitimate excuse to distance themselves from avid reading, but female students an inclination toward contradictory feelings of both desire and stress.

A 21st century collaborative policy development and implementation approach: a discourse analysis

The article used Unisa Framework for the implementation of a team approach to curriculum and learning development to explore and analyse the views and experiences of academic lecturers and curriculum and learning development experts on the conceptualisation and development of the said framework and its subsequent implementation thereof. I used a qualitative poststructuralist paradigm underpinned by the case study research design to critically analyse the processes that were followed to craft the policy. I posit that a policy that is conceptualised by an inflexible classical hierarchical organisational structure without the full collaborative participation of all the stakeholders is bound to fail in its crucial implementation processes. I used online blogging, facebook, documents and face-to-face tape-recorded interviews to collect the data. Results indicated that the elite mass (traditional) policy-making model was used to craft the policy and as a result its operationalisation process received indifferent attention and responses by Colleges.