Postpartum Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among postnatal mothers in West Arsi zone, South West Ethiopia, 2024: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Up to one-third of women globally experience giving birth as traumatic, which can lead to postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder. Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorders have significant health consequences for the mother, child, and other family members. Although it has tragic health impacts, little is known about this problem in the study area. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among postnatal mothers. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 635 mothers in the first year after childbirth by using simple random sampling techniques from March 20 to April 20, 2024 in West Arsi zone, Ethiopia. Face-to-face interviewers administered structured questionnaires that were used to collect the data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epidata and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were done by using binary logistic regression. Out of 635, 624 postnatal mothers participated in the study, for a response rate of 98.27%. The prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder was 21.60% (95% CI: 18.40%, 24.87%). Primiparous mothers (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.70), have no antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.20), cesarean section delivery (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.50, 5.61), instrumental delivery (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.75, 5.34), maternal morbidity (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.71, 5.05), and postpartum intimate partner violence (AOR = 7.43, 95% CI: 4.53, 12.20) were the identified factors. As identified, one out of five mothers had postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, healthcare providers should focus on identified factors like cesarean section and instrumental deliveries while counseling, as this enhances the mothers' psychological readiness. In addition, the West Arsi Zonal Health Office should develop effective strategies to alleviate the problem by focusing on the identified factors.

Domestic Violence Experience, Past Depressive Disorder, Unplanned Pregnancy, and Suicide Risk in the First Year Postpartum: Mediating Effect of Postpartum Depression.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between domestic violence, past depressive disorder, unplanned pregnancy, suicide risk, and postpartum depression among Korean women using a mediation model approach. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was performed from September 21 to September 30, 2022. Participants included 1,486 women in their first year postpartum from Chungnam Province, South Korea. The generalized linear model mediation was analyzed using the R-based Jamovi 2.3.21 version program. Of all participants, 8.7% had domestic violence experience, 7.5% had been diagnosed with depressive disorder by the doctor in the past, 33.0% had reported that the last pregnancy was unplanned, 39.9% had postpartum depression, and 11.2% of the participants had a suicide risk. Among the participants with a high risk of suicide, 34.4%, 37.5%, 53.1%, and 96.9% reported experiencing domestic violence, past depressive disorder, an unplanned pregnancy, and postpartum depression, respectively. Postpartum depression partially mediated the relationship between domestic violence, past depressive disorder, and suicide risk and completely mediated the relationship between unplanned pregnancy and suicide risk. Our findings highlight the necessity for screening and early intervention for suicide risk and postpartum depression from pregnancy to the first year postpartum.

Розлади функції органів малого таза в жінок із діастазом прямих м’язів живота

Diastasis rectus abdominis (DRM), pelvic organ dysfunction are common pathological conditions after pregnancy. Abdominal muscles are weakened with DRM, which leads to inefficient participation of the anterior abdominal wall in the processes of functioning of the main pelvic organs: bladder and rectum. Аim - to evaluate the main determinants of the development of DRM and to establish the relationship between the presence of diastasis and disorders of the pelvic organs in women who have given birth. Materials and methods. We analyzed pelvic organ disorders in 151 patients with diastasis recti abdominis. which were divided into types according to the Nahas classification. Type A diastasis recti abdominis in 21 (13.9%) patients, type B in 81 (53.6%), and types C/D in 49 (32.5%). The endpoint of the study was DRM: significance between its severity and potential pelvic organ disorders was assessed using Fisher's exact test or chi-square test for categorical variables. Results. The frequency of postpartum disorders depended on the severity of diastasis recti abdominis. In patients with type A, the frequency of pain/discomfort, urinary incontinence, and gas/liquid stool incontinence was 52.4%, 61.9%, and 66.7%, respectively. In patients with severe diastasis recti abdominis, the rates were 81.6%, 75.5%, and 79.6%, respectively. Excess weight and episiotomy during delivery were much stronger determinants than the severity of diastasis recti abdominis. The higher risk of the pelvic organ dysfunction was noted in older patients, active smokers, and those who developed gestational diabetes. Conclusions. The severity of DRM depends on age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, episiotomy during delivery, smoking, gestational diabetes. There is no strong dependency on delivery by cesarean section or the use of vacuum/forceps, nor on the presence of hypothyroidism in patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the women was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Effects of prophylactic propylene glycol administration at calving on subclinical ketosis in Holstein dairy cows

Forty-four holstein dairy cows were randomly enrolled in the treatment group (group 1, n=19) or control group (group 2, n=25) at calving. Group 1 received prophylactic propylene glycol treatment (PPGT) (300 ml/cow, beginning at calving, total 3 days). The group 2 remained untreated. All animals were tested on blood and milk beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) at postpartum week 2 and 4 (PW2 and 4), body condition scores (BCS), average daily milk production (ADMP) and postpartum health disorders were monitored in 90 days in milk (90 DIM). The incidence of subclinical ketosis (SCK) was 8% and 4% in blood test (BHBA≥1.2 mmol/L) and by 12% and 24% in milk test (BHBA≥200 µmol/L) in group 2 at PW2 and PW4 respectively. SCK was not detected in group 1. The study cows lost BCS on postpartum days 30 and 60. ADMP was significantly different (P

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A Scotland Wide Naturalistic Study of 4,826 treatment episodes

IntroductionDespite its apparent efficacy in the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is viewed by some as a contentious treatment. Although most clinicians and researchers consider ECT a safe and effective treatment, there are ongoing and significantly publicised concerns about potential side effects.ObjectivesTo explore use of ECT across Scotland in a large naturalistic clinical sample across an 11-year period from 2009 to 2019. To consider the efficacy and side effects of ECT for a range of common psychiatric disorders including, depression, bipolar depression, schizophrenia, and mania.MethodsUsing data from the Scottish Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Accreditation Network (SEAN), information was collected for all adults who had received ECT. Variables included age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) diagnosis, indication for ECT, Mental Health Act status, consent status, entry and exit Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scores (MADRS), entry and exit Clinical Global Index Severity CGI-S) scores and reported side effects. Side effects were recorded as present if the side effect was reported at any point during the episode of treatment.Results4826 ECT episodes were recorded. The majority of episodes were in women (68.4%, n=3,301). Average age at treatment onset was 58.52 years. Males were slightly younger (m=58.24 years vs f= 58.65 years, p= 0.20). Mean number of treatments/episode was 9.59 (95% CI 9.32 – 9.85). Mean treatment dose delivered was 277.75mC (95%CI 272.88 – 282.63mC).2920 episodes of treatment had CGI-S entry and exit recorded. At entry, mean CGI-S indicated marked illness (5.03 95% CI 4.99-5.07). Recipients with schizophrenia had the highest CGI-S score (5.45 95% CI 5.21-5.60), followed by those with post-partum disorders (5.38, 95% CI 4.61-6.14). At exit, mean CGI scores indicated borderline illness (2.07, 95% CI 2.03-2.11), recipients diagnosed with mixed affective state had the lowest CGI-S score (1.72, 95% CI 0.99-2.47) followed by those with schizoaffective disorder (2.01, 95% CI 1.76-2.42).Anaesthetic complications (n=34) and prolonged seizures (n=38) were rare, occurring in <1% of treatment episodes. Cardiovascular complications were reported in 2.2% (n= 102). Nausea was reported in 7.2% (n= 334) and muscle aches in 12% (n=560). Confusion was reported in 19% (n=879) and cognitive side effects were reported in 26.2% (n=1212). One third of treatment episodes reported confusion or cognitive side effects (33.1%, n=1545).ConclusionsFrom this large naturalistic clinical sample, ECT appears to be effective in improving illness severity as measured by CGI-S score. While some side effects (such as prolonged seizures and cardiovascular complications) were rare, others (such as confusion or cognitive side effects) were relatively common.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: A Tunisian study

Introduction Childbirth is a special time for every woman, bringing pregnancy to an end and marking the birth of a new baby. This transitional event presents countless physical and psychological changes. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the result of particularly intense stress, is often linked to the perception of childbirth as a traumatic event, requiring optimized follow-up and screening.Objectives The aim of this current study is to estimate the prevalence of post-partum post-traumatic stress disorder in a sample group of Tunisian women and to determine factors associated with childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder.Methods This is a longitudinal prospective descriptive study conducted among women hospitalized for childbirth in the obstetrics and gynecology department and those who consulted the prenatal outpatient clinic at Taher Sfar Mahdia Hospital. The duration of the study is 7 months, from March 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. Data collection was based on a pre-established questionnaire determining the various socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Psychometric assessment was carried out using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCL-S).Results We enrolled 120 women with a mean age of 28.2± 5.3 years. Few women had a psychiatric history of depression (1.2%) or anxiety (3%), and 29% had a pathological obstetric history. Nevertheless, 12.5% of patients were hospitalized during pregnancy. Eighty-seven patients expressed anticipatory fear of childbirth, and 102 women had good marital and social support. Almost half of deliveries (48.3%) were vaginal, and almost a third (27.5%) were emergency caesarean sections. Level 3 pain was reported in 73.3% of cases. Psychometric assessment revealed a prevalence of PTSD of 5.8%, with PTSD symptomatology in 18.4% of women. PTSD was statistically associated with low level of education (p=0.02), postpartum complications (p=0.05) and gender of newborn (p=0.01).Conclusions Postpartum PTSD is a major public health problem affecting the healthy development of the newborn, the overall mental and physical recovery and well-being of the mother.Our findings suggest several intervention points for healthcare practitioners, including careful prenatal screening of past trauma history, social support, pain management and expectations about the birth, within a multidisciplinary approach.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Are 6 more accurate than 4? The influence of different modes of delivery on postpartum depression and PTSD

BackgroundEmpirical evidence shows that 4.6–6.3% of all women develop a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and approximately 10–15% postpartum depression (PPD) following childbirth. This study explores the relationship between delivery mode and the occurrence of PTSD and PPD, specifically examining four distinct caesarean section (CS) modes: primary on maternal request (Grade 4), medically indicated primary (Grade 3), secondary CS from relative indication (Grade 2) and emergency secondary CS (Grade 1), compared to vaginal and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD). The research aims to understand how these six subcategories of delivery modes impact PPD and PTSD levels. Common predictors, including the need for psychological treatment before childbirth, fear of childbirth, planning of pregnancy, induction of labor, birth debriefing, and lack of social support after childbirth, will be analyzed to determine their association with postpartum mental health outcomes.MethodsThe study was planned and carried out by a research team of the psychology department at the Medical School Hamburg, Germany. Within an online-study (cross-sectional design) N = 1223 German speaking women with a baby who did not die before, during or after birth were surveyed once between four weeks and twelve months postpartum via an anonymous online questionnaire on demographic and gynecological data, delivery mode, PTSD (PCL-5) and PPD (EPDS).ResultsFor both psychiatric disorders, ANOVA revealed significant differences between delivery mode and PPD and PTSD. With weak effects for PPD and medium to strong effects for PTSD. Post-hoc tests showed increased levels of PPD for two CS types (Grade 1, Grade 3) compared to vaginal delivery. For PTSD, secondary CS from relative indication (Grade 2), emergency secondary CS (Grade 1) and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) were associated with elevated levels of PTSD. Regression analysis revealed delivery mode as a significant predictor of EPDS- (medium effect size) and PCL-5-Score (medium to high effect size).LimitationDelivery was considered as the potential traumatic event, and any previous traumas were not documented. Additionally, the categorization of delivery modes relied on subjective reports rather than medical confirmation.ConclusionThe study highlights the influence of delivery mode on the mental health of postpartum mothers: different modes influence postpartum disorders in various ways. However, the definition of delivery mode was only stated subjectively and not medically confirmed. Further research should investigate which aspects of the different delivery modes affect maternal mental health and explore how the perception of childbirth may be influenced by specific delivery experiences.

Updates on thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period.

NPs play a pivotal role in caring for pregnant people. This article provides an overview of gestational and postpartum thyroid disorders, including their assessment, management, and indications for referral. The goal of this article is to help providers better assess and manage thyroid disorders during pregnancy and improve patient outcomes.

Underdiagnosis of Postpartum Disorders Across Ethnic Groups.

Underdiagnosis of Postpartum Disorders Across Ethnic Groups.

Effects of antioxidant-rich Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats

BackgroundMilk synthesis in lactating animals demands high energy metabolism, which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants thereby inducing oxidative stress (OS) on the animals. To mitigate OS and postpartum disorders in dairy goats and gain insight into the impact of dietary choices on redox status during lactation, a feeding trial was conducted using alfalfa silage inoculated with a high-antioxidant strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.MethodsTwenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats (38.1 ± 1.20 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: one containing silage inoculated with L. plantarum MTD/1 (RSMTD-1), and the other containing silage inoculated with high antioxidant activity L. plantarum 24-7 (ES24-7).ResultsES24-7-inoculated silage exhibited better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity compared to RSMTD-1. The ES24-7 diet elevated the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in milk, serum, and feces of lactating goats (with the exception of T-AOC in milk). Additionally, the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage enhanced casein yield, milk free fatty acid (FFA) content, and vitamin A level in the goats’ milk. Furthermore, an increase of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 concentrations were observed, coupled with a reduction in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in the serum of lactating goats fed ES24-7. Higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, and propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 inoculated silage. Moreover, the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX2, CAT, glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) genes in the mammary gland, while decreased the levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), TNF, and interferon gamma (IFNG).ConclusionsThese findings indicated that feeding L. plantarum 24-7 inoculated alfalfa silage not only improved rumen fermentation and milk quality in lactating dairy goats but also boosted their immunity and antioxidant status by modulating the expression of several genes related to antioxidant and inflammation in the mammary gland.

Postpartum Pelvic floor disorder in Primiparous women - A prospective observational study

ABSTRACT Purpose: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) describes clinical conditions related to changes in the pelvic floor causing voiding and defecation problems, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain. The postpartum period being associated with the onset or aggravation of PFD gives us an opportunity for identification and intervention. The evidence implicating vaginal delivery as a cause of PFD is controversial. This study will increase the understanding of the effect of vaginal birth on PFD, especially in the South Asian population. Methodology: A prospective observational study using pelvic floor disability index (PFDI 20) questionnaire (Hindi Version) was conducted. Two hundred primiparous women with term singleton fetuses who were admitted for planned delivery at term were enrolled and PFDI 20 questionnaire was filled. These women were followed till delivery and divided into two groups normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and LSCS. Enrolled women were followed up at 3 months postpartum and assessed using the PFDI 20 questionnaire. Results: Most common PFD symptom was POP in both groups followed by fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence symptoms. The percentage prevalence of any PFD symptoms was more in LSCS 67% as compared to 63% in the NVD group. The women with body mass index >28, prolonged labor >18 h, and instrumental delivery women with birth weight >3 kg had a higher prevalence of any PFD symptoms at 3 months postpartum irrespective of mode of delivery. Conclusion: Vaginal delivery should always remain as the first and best choice for delivery.

Association between body mass index and chronic hypertension in patients with hypertension disorders of pregnancy one-year postpartum

ObjectivesTo determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and chronic hypertension (CHTN) one-year postpartum following pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Study designA retrospective cohort study of patients with HDP (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia) in a single Midwestern academic center from 2014 to 2018. The primary outcome was CHTN at one-year postpartum, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication at one-year postpartum. The primary exposure variable was BMI at one-year postpartum, categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-<30 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) and as continuous BMI variable. Descriptive statistics and adjusted logistic regression analysis were performed. ResultsOut of 596 patients with HDP included in this analysis, 275 (46.1 %) had CHTN one-year postpartum. Mean one-year postpartum BMI was 27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m2. Prevalence of CHTN at one-year postpartum was higher in obese (38.1 %) and overweight (30.0 %) groups compared to the normal weight group (29.9 %), p < 0.001. In multivariate logistic regression, obesity at one-year postpartum, compared to normal, was associated with 73 % higher likelihood of CHTN following HDP (adjusted OR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.06–2.84). With BMI as a continuous variable, each unit increase in BMI one-year postpartum was associated with 6 % higher likelihood of CHTN (adjusted OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.02–1.15). ConclusionsObesity at one-year postpartum following HDP was associated with a higher risk of CHTN compared with normal BMI. Weight is a modifiable risk factor that should be targeted in postpartum interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease following HDP.

High psychological stress levels related to delivery can increase the occurrence of postpartum mental disorders.

The study sought to explore the relationship between high psychological stress levels related to delivery and postpartum mental disorders. A total of 284 parturients were included in the study from July 2021 to January 2022. The stress level at 1 month postpartum was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Parturients with an IES-R score ≤ 9 were included in the low psychological stress level group, and those with an IES-R score > 9 were included in the high psychological stress level group. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire (UPPSAQ-70), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) were conducted at 42 ± 7 days postpartum to assess the mental health of parturients.The parturients' mental health after birth was assessed by the EPDS, UPPSAQ-70, and SCL-90. Semi-structured diagnostic interviews were conducted at 42 ± 7 days postpartum by using the M.I.N.I. The incidence rate of postpartum mental disorders was 20.42% (58/284), the incidence rates of postpartum depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder were 17.96% (51/284), 11.97% (34/284), 4.58% (13/284) and 1.41% (4/284), respectively, and the comorbidity rate was 58.62% (34/58). A history of mental disorders and pregnancy complications were risk factors for postpartum depression (p = 0.028, p = 0.040, respectively); a history of mental disorders, a lack of physical exercise, partner violence and pregnancy complications were risk factors for postpartum anxiety disorders (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.031, p = 0.048, respectively); and the delivery of female infants was a risk factor for postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (p = 0.022).The risk of postpartum depression, anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder was 9.125 times (95% CI = 3.900 ~ 21.349, p < 0.01), 7.310 times (95% CI = 2.588 ~ 20.649, p < 0.01) and 6.259 times (95% CI = 1.347 ~ 29.093, p < 0.01) higher in postpartum women with high psychological stress levels related to delivery than in those with low psychological stress levels, respectively. The incidence of postpartum mental disorders is high and has a positive correlation with the level of psychological stress. This may lead to a new perspective of the effect of psychological stress on postpartum mental disorders and attract more attention to other mental disorders in addition to postpartum depression.

Comparison of three reproductive management strategies for lactating dairy cows using combination of estrus detection or ovulation synchronization and Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination

The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows submitted to first AI after combination of estrus detection and fixed timed AI (FTAI) and FTAI only. Cows were randomly assigned to receive AI at detected estrus between 50 and 70 d in milk (DIM), if not detected in estrus, were enrolled in either Ovsynch (ED-Ov, n = 485) or PRIDsynch (ED-PR, n = 505) protocols; or received FTAI at 80 DIM after Double-Ovsynch protocol (DO, n = 501). Cows were body condition scored (BCS) at calving and at 43 DIM; and evaluated for postpartum disorders within 7 d postpartum; clinical mastitis, lameness and bovine respiratory disease were recorded until first AI. Ovarian cyclicity was monitored at 43 and 50 DIM, and at 70 and 77 DIM. Pregnancy diagnoses (PD) were performed at 32 and 63 d after AI. Overall prevalence of postpartum anovulation was 7.8%. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) did not differ between reproductive strategies at 32 d PD (ED-Ov = 43.2%; ED-PR = 41.7%; DO= 45.3%). Primiparous cows had greater P/AI than multiparous cows (53.7% vs 36.8%). Cows on farm 1 had lower P/AI compared with their counterparts on farm 2 (42.1% vs 45.4%). Cows with BCS > 2.5 at 43 DIM had greater P/AI compared with cows with BCS ≤ 2.5 (44.5% vs 34.7%). Similar P/AI for cow’s receiving AI at detected estrus and FTAI, low prevalence of disease anovulation may have contributed to the similar performance of ED-Ov, ED-PR and DO.

DNA Polymorphisms and mRNA Levels of Immune Biomarkers as Candidates for Inflammatory Postpartum Disorders Susceptibility in Italian Buffaloes.

The immunological genes that may interact with inflammatory postpartum diseases in Italian buffaloes were examined in this study. A total number of 120 female Italian buffaloes (60 normal and 60 with inflammatory reproductive diseases) were employed. Each buffalo's jugular vein was pierced to get five milliliters of blood. To obtain whole blood and extract DNA and RNA, the blood was placed within tubes containing sodium fluoride or EDTA anticoagulants. The immunological (IKBKG, LGALS, IL1B, CCL2, RANTES, MASP2, HMGB1, and S-LZ) genes' nucleotide sequence differences between healthy buffaloes and buffaloes affected by inflammatory reproductive diseases were found by employing PCR-DNA sequencing. According to Fisher's exact test (p ˂ 0.01), there were noticeably different probabilities of all major nucleotide changes spreading among buffalo groups with and without reproductive problems. Buffaloes were significantly more likely to express the examined genes when they had inflammatory reproductive diseases. The outcomes might support the significance of these markers' nucleotide variations and gene expression patterns as indicators of the prevalence of inflammatory reproductive disorders and provide a workable buffalo management policy.

Treating postpartum affective and/or anxiety disorders in a mother-baby day hospital: preliminary results

Introduction Women experiencing perinatal mental-health illness have unique needs. The present study analyzes preliminary data about the effectiveness of MBDH in treating postpartum women with affective and anxiety disorders. Methods We analysed 33 mothers with affective and/or anxiety disorders treated at the MBDH with their babies between March 2018 and December 2019. All women were assessed at admission, discharge and three months after discharge. Outcomes included symptoms of depression (EPDS) and anxiety (STAI-S), mother-infant bonding (PBQ) and functional impairment (HoNOs). We also assessed the clinical significance of changes in patients’ scores on these scales and patient satisfaction. Results At discharge, no patients still met the full criteria for the main diagnosis. Between admission and discharge, symptoms of depression and anxiety, mother-infant bonding, functional impairment and autonomy in caring for babies improved significantly. These gains were maintained at three months follow-up. Patient satisfaction was high. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that multidisciplinary intervention for postpartum women with affective or anxiety disorders at the MBDH improves maternal psychopathology, mother-infant bonding and mothers’ ability to care for their babies. MBDHs are a promising approach for delivering specialised perinatal mental-health care for mother-baby dyads.

Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство после родов: обзор исследований

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) is quite common, with long-term adverse impact on mothers and their children. According to various studies, 3% to 45.5% of women perceive their childbirth experience as traumatic, and 3.1% to 43% further develop postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. PP-PTSD is a relatively new field of study, therefore, there is a need in systematization of the data published on this topic so far. This is a review of studies on risk factors for PP-PTSD, including past traumatic experience, and its negative impact on mother&amp;rsquo;s mental health and child&amp;rsquo;s development. Since the society and specialists aim to reduce the prevalence of the disorder, our article also summarizes data on protective factors for PP-PTSD. For example, adequate interaction between laboring women and medical personnel, non-medical labour support, and psychological counseling after traumatic childbirth can significantly reduce the risk for developing PP-PTSD.&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of postpartum time period associated body condition score on reproductive performance in dairy cows

This study was designed to identify the time period at which the body condition score (BCS) most critically affects the reproductive performance after calving in dairy cows. Data were collected from 4865 lactation records (1821 from primiparous and 3044 from multiparous cows) on 28 dairy farms, including the BCS (at calving, and month 1 and the first artificial insemination [AI] after calving), the presence of peri- or postpartum disorders, reproductive data, and the weather. The data on the extent of BCS loss from calving to the first AI was divided into two periods, namely, between calving and month 1 after calving (period 1), and between month 1 and the first AI after calving (period 2). Cows with BCS of 3.0, 3.25 and ≥ 3.5 at the first AI after calving were more likely (P < 0.05-0.01) to be pregnant at 30 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 1.64, and 1.90) and 45 (OR: 1.39, 1.75, and 1.99) days post-AI and more likely (P < 0.05-0.01) to be pregnant within 180 days after calving (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18, 1.43, and 1.58) than cows with BCS of ≤2.75. In addition, cows who suffered a BCS loss of ≥0.5 units during period 1 tended to be less likely (HR: 0.79, P < 0.1) to be pregnant within 180 days after calving than cows without a BCS loss. Cows with BCS of 3.0, 3.25, and ≥3.5 at calving were less likely (P < 0.1-0.05) to lose their pregnancy (OR: 0.37, 0.33, and 0.16) than cows with BCS of ≤2.75. These results indicate that the linearly higher BCS (3.0, 3.25, and ≥3.5) at the first AI is positively associated with the probability of pregnancy per AI after the first AI and the likelihood of pregnancy within 180 days after calving, whereas a higher BCS loss of ≥0.5 units during period 1 was adversely associated with the likelihood of pregnancy within 180 days after calving.

Risk factors accounting for anal incontinence during the first year after vaginal delivery-A case control study in China.

Anal incontinence (AI) is a prevalent postpartum disorder. This study aims to investigate and quantify the risk factors for AI in the Chinese population during the first year following vaginal delivery. The case control study was conducted at Peking University Third Hospital, including all women who delivered vaginally between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2018. Participants were followed up by telephone interviews 1 year after delivery. AI was defined as the involuntary loss of flatus or feces using a retrospective Jorge and Wexner score above 0. Clinical data were retrieved from the medical record system. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify potential risk factors accounting for AI. Based on the logistic regression model, a nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of AI postpartum. Restricted cubic spline was utilized to explore potential non-linear relationships between birth weight and AI postpartum. Among the 140 AI and 421 none AI cases, we observed antepartum factors like every 100 g of birth weight gain (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30-1.49), while intrapartum factors like forceps-assisted vaginal delivery (OR 7.11, 95% CI 2.60-19.45), midline episiotomy (OR 13.11, 95% CI 1.71-100.89), second-degree perineal tear (OR 6.51, 95% CI 1.16-36.68), and third to fourth-degree perineal tear were independent risk factors for postpartum AI. Significantly, infant weighing over 3,400 g at birth increased the risk of AI postpartum. Based on logistic regression model, we constructed a nomogram to estimate the risk of AI 1 year after vaginal delivery. Our findings indicated that during the first year following vaginal delivery, infant with birth weight of 3,400 g or more, forceps-assisted vaginal delivery, midline episiotomy, and second to fourth-degree perineal tear increased the risk of AI. As a result, it is essential to limit the routine use of forceps and midline episiotomy and to monitor fetal weight during prenatal care.

Post-partum post-traumatic stress disorder in fathers: Issues and prospects

Post-partum post-traumatic stress disorder in fathers: Issues and prospects