Postoperative Range Research Articles

Approaches to Cheek Reconstruction following Mohs Surgery

AbstractThe native features of the cheek allow for a variety of approaches when considering reconstruction following Mohs surgery. Selecting the best approach requires consideration of deficit size and location, skin laxity, surrounding anatomy, aesthetic outcomes, and specific patient factors. Reconstruction options vary based on the zone of the cheek affected, but direct closure remains the gold standard. When direct closure is not suitable, the use of the cervicofacial advancement flap, biologic agents, or a combination of the two should adequately address the majority of cheek deficits resulting from Mohs surgery. During cheek reconstruction, great care should be taken to maintain and support the surrounding anatomy, most notably the lower eyelid. Postoperative management is mostly comprised of scar management, as immediate, urgent complications are rare. Options to address postoperative scarring range from silicone sheeting to revisional surgery, but most deficits will settle well if given adequate time and are properly cared for with noninvasive measures.

Postoperative Grip Strength and Range of Motion Correlated with Better Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Distal Radius Fractures

Abstract Background The common methods for assessing postoperative outcomes in patients with distal radius fractures (DRFs) are mostly observational. In contrast to these traditional assessment tools, postoperative assessments based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are becoming more popular. The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative radiological measurements and physical examination measures as predictive measures for patient-reported satisfying outcomes defined by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and the Gartland and Werley score. Purpose The aim of this study was to inspect whether postoperative radiological and physical examination measurements are associated with better PROs. This correlation would be beneficial to assess surgery's success and predict patient's recovery process, helping with coordination of patient's expectations postsurgery. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study. Methods Eligible patients were those who underwent Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) of DRFs and answered the DASH and Gartland and Werley questionnaires with a minimal follow-up period of 6 months and a 2-year median follow-up time; during follow-up, physical examination measures and radiographic measures were taken. Results This study has found that older patients have a higher probability to achieve better PROs postsurgery and ROM has been found as a factor correlated with DASH score and Gartland and Werley score. A model combining grip strength, supination, and extension was able to predict the DASH score with 63% of variance: DASH score = 88.864–(0.288 × grip strength) – (0.371 × supination) – (0.270 × extension). Conclusions Due to the high prevalence of DRFs and their debilitating effect on patients' functionality, a credible assessment tool must be defined to predict postsurgery patient satisfaction and help in the patient selection process. Level of Evidence III.

Rare case of medial Hoffa fracture with ipsilateral femur shaft fracture with unusual mechanism of injury

Hoffa’s fracture is a rare fracture which involves coronal fracture of the distal femur involving one or both the condyles. We report a rare combination of Hoffa fracture with ipsilateral femur shaft fracture with an unusual mechanism of injury. This case report will help increase awareness about such combined fracture pattern and eventually avoid missing these important intra-articular injuries- Hoffa’s fracture. In a patient with ipsilateral femur shaft fracture and in polytrauma patients, diagnosis of Hoffa’s fracture is very challenging because of presence of other long bone fracture and injuries. Missed Hoffa’s fracture in a patient with ipsilateral femur shaft fracture may restrict post-operative knee range of motion, knee pain, increased risk of early arthritis and joint deformity and stiffness.

A retrospective review of revision and re-revision patella osteosynthesis performed for failure of fixation of initial comminuted fracture patterns: very high complication rates.

Literature on revision osteosynthesis for failed patella fracture fixation is extremely limited. This study reviews the treatment options and outcomes for revision and re-revision osteosynthesis at a Level 1 Trauma Center. All patella revision osteosynthesis between January 2021 and March 2024 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes at a single tertiary care academic centre. Medical records, operative reports and radiographs were reviewed to collect details regarding patient demographics, initial injury and fracture management, indications for revision surgery, revision construct, post-operative weight bearing and range of motion restrictions, and outcomes. The primary outcome was major failure defined as loss of fixation or further surgery for non-union or infection. Ten patients underwent revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation. All fractures were initially comminuted fracture patterns (AO/OTA 34-C3), with nine (90%) initially treated with a 2.7mm patella-specific variable angle (VA) locking plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA). Half (n=5) of the patients were revised with the same patella specific plate and half with an all suture transosseous fibertape tension band (Arthrex, Naples, FL). Additional fixation in the form of bony augmentation was performed in 20% (n=2) of cases and soft tissue augmentation in 70% (n=7). There was a 70% (n=7) major failure rate, mostly due to loss of inferior pole fixation. There were four re-revision procedures performed with surgical fixation. Two of these subsequently developed infection, one united and the other had no radiographic signs of union and was lost to follow-up, but was without complication. Regardless of the chosen fixation construct, revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation of initial comminuted fracture patterns has an extremely high rate of failure. Complications increase with further revision surgery.

Forearm Fractures in Older Children and Adolescents: ORIF is Safer Than IMN With Equivalent Outcomes.

Greater understanding of the impact of skeletal maturity on outcomes is needed to guide operative treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications and outcomes of pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and to identify a radiographic marker of skeletal maturity that will aid in selecting between treatment options. A retrospective review of patients aged 10 to 16 years treated operatively for diaphyseal forearm fractures was performed. Markers of skeletal maturity including the olecranon apophysis score, the presence of the thumb adductor sesamoid, and radial epiphyseal capping. Complications were graded with the modified Clavien-Dindo system. Outcomes were scored based on final postoperative range of motion combined with complication grade. A total of 260 patients were included: 163 treated with IMN, 97 treated with ORIF, mean age 12.7 years, 72% male. Among closed forearm fractures treated with IMN, open reduction was required in 45% (53/118). Patients treated with IMN had a higher complication rate than ORIF (27.0% vs. 9.3%, P<0.05), including when stratified by age. Complication rates were not impacted by greater skeletal maturity as indicated by the presence of thumb sesamoid or radial epiphyseal capping. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the ORIF and IMN groups. More skeletally immature patients, as identified by a lack of either the thumb adductor sesamoid or radial epiphyseal capping, had significantly better outcomes with ORIF than patients with greater maturity. Across all age groups and levels of skeletal maturity, ORIF had a significantly lower rates of complications compared with IMN with equivalent outcomes. More skeletally immature patients had significantly better outcomes with ORIF treatment when compared with older patients. The thumb adductor sesamoid, radial epiphyseal capping, and the olecranon apophysis score did not provide useful information to select between ORIF over IMN in this population. Level III-retrospective comparative study.

The radiographic and clinical outcomes of stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a minimum 2-year follow-up study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the radiographic and clinical outcomes of stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) after a minimum 2-year follow-up. Between July 2018 and March 2023, 50 patients underwent 50 stemless RTSA with the Lima component. Twenty-eight patients with a follow-up of more than 2 years were reviewed. The average age was 71.9 years (range, 61-85 years), and the average follow-up period was 2.2 years (range, 2.0-5.1). Bone marrow density of the proximal humerus was measured before RTSA. We evaluated preoperative and postoperative range of motion, clinical score, radiographic change, and postoperative complications. Significant increases were observed postoperatively in forward flexion (112.0º-162.5º, P<0.01) and internal rotation (from L3 to T12 level; P<0.05). No changes were observed in external rotation (from 43.0º to 45.2º; P=0.762). The clinical scores improved for Korean Shoulder Scoring system (from 64 to 93, P<0.01) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (from 17.5 to 27.3, P<0.01). Although radiolucent lines of less than 2 mm were observed in all cases, no osteolysis and loosening of the stemless humeral component was found. In one case, the stemless humeral component pulled out at the 1-week follow-up, and a revision was implemented to replace it with a stemmed humeral component. Scapular notching was observed in 18 cases. Stemless RTSA showed good radiographic and clinical results after a minimum 2-year follow-up. Level of evidence: IV.

Comparative clinical efficacy of “Figure-8” Banding and double-row anchor suture-bridge fixation in arthroscopic management of tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of “Figure-8” banding and double-row anchor suture-bridge fixation techniques in the arthroscopic management of tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 42 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for tibial intercondylar eminence fractures at our institution from June 2017 to June 2022. This cohort included 20 cases treated with “Figure-8” banding and 22 cases managed using double-row anchor suture-bridge fixation. Comparative assessments were made regarding operative duration, duration of fracture consolidation, postoperative knee joint range of motion, joint stability as assessed by the Lachman test, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) functional score for both treatment groups.ResultsThe mean follow-up duration was 13.8 months. The analysis indicated that the double-row anchor suture-bridge group had a significantly longer operative duration compared to the “Figure-8” banding group (p < 0.05). Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans confirmed successful reduction in both groups, with fracture consolidation achieved within an average of three months. Both groups showed significant improvements in postoperative knee range of motion, joint stability, and functional scores compared to preoperative measurements (p < 0.05). During the initial two-month post-surgery, the double-row anchor suture-bridge group demonstrated superior knee joint range of motion and functional scores compared to the “Figure-8” banding group (p < 0.05); however, these differences were not statistically significant beyond three months post-surgery (p > 0.05). By the one-year postoperative mark, joint stability outcomes were comparable between the two treatment groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionBoth “Figure-8” banding and double-row anchor suture-bridge fixation techniques in the arthroscopic management of tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures can achieve precise reduction and stable fixation. In addition, the figure-8 suture group has the characteristics of shorter surgery time and less cost. Notably, early postoperative knee function appears to be superior with double-row anchor suture-bridge fixation compared to “Figure-8” banding.

Can individual functional improvements be predicted in osteoarthritic patients after total knee arthroplasty?

PurposeTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for advanced osteoarthritis, and achieving optimal outcomes can be challenging due to various influencing factors. Previous research has focused on identifying factors that affect postoperative functional outcomes. However, there is a paucity of studies predicting individual postoperative improvement following TKA. Therefore, a quantitative prediction model for individual patient outcomes is necessary.Materials and methodsDemographic data, radiologic variables, intraoperative variables, and physical examination findings were collected from 976 patients undergoing TKA. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were assessed, and multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors influencing one-year WOMAC scores and changes in WOMAC scores. A predictive model was developed on the basis of the findings.ResultsThe predictive accuracy of the model for 1-year WOMAC scores was poor (all adjusted R2 < 0.08), whereas the model for changes in WOMAC scores demonstrated strong predictability (all adjusted R2 > 0.75). Preoperative WOMAC scores, sex, and postoperative knee range of motion significantly affected all pain, stiffness, and physical function aspects of the WOMAC scores (all P < 0.05). Age, cerebrovascular disease, and patellar resurfacing were associated with changes in physical function (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe developed quantitative model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting changes in WOMAC scores after TKA. The identified factors influencing postoperative improvement in WOMAC scores can assist in optimizing patient outcomes after TKA.

Prospective comparative study between peroneus longus tendon autograft and hamstring tendons autograft in single bundle ACL reconstruction

ABSTRACT Background ACL reconstruction is often regarded as the most effective approach of restoring knee stability. Several graft possibilities are available, including (BPTB), four-strand hamstring autografts, quadriceps tendon, and peroneus longus tendon. Each has both advantages and cons. This study compares the effectiveness of peroneus longus and hamstring tendon autografts for single bundle ACL restoration. Patients and Methods The study involved 60 patients. Thirty of them had their torn anterior cruciate ligaments reconstructed arthroscopically using hamstring tendons, while the other 30 had their ACLs managed arthroscopically with peroneus longus tendon. The follow-up period lasted at least 12 months. Patients were assessed using IKDC score and Lysholm score. Ankle function was assessed using AOFAS score. Results There was a statistically significant difference in preoperative and postoperative range of motion improvement in each group as an IKDC score item. However, no statistically significant difference existed between both groups. A statistically significant change in Lysholm scores preoperatively and postoperatively in each group was detected, but there was no statistical difference between groups 1 and 2, either in terms of improvement or percentage improvement. The AOFAS score was used also to assess for any donor site morbidity. No significant difference was detected between both ankles range of motion and no ankle joint dysfunction or problems with sports activities. Conclusion The current study found that the PL tendon autograft might be considered a safe, effective and a technically easy graft option for ACLR. The research shows no substantial difference in postoperative knee stability or graft failure rate between hamstring and peroneus tendons.

Inferior Glenoid HyperOSTosis (GHOST) Lesion Development Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

BackgroundPatients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) have been noted on postoperative radiographs to have a curved bony overgrowth on the inferior glenoid neck. This study aims to investigate potential risk factors for and postoperative effects of these ossifications, here called glenoid hyperostosis (GHOST) lesions due to their location. MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty between 2007 and 2020 at a single institution was performed. Predictors including gender, age, implant sizing, and preoperative diagnosis were examined using logistic regression analysis. Outcomes including readmission rate, revision rate, preoperative and postoperative range of motion, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) functional outcome scores were also analyzed using two-sample t-tests. ResultsPreoperative and postoperative radiographs of 170 primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty patients were assessed. 25.9% of RTSAs were identified to have a GHOST lesion. When adjusting for race, age, BMI, preoperative diagnosis, male patients were still associated with 2.28 odds of developing a GHOST lesion compared to female patients (95% CI: 1.08 – 4.86). Other elements such as age, race, BMI, laterality, preoperative diagnosis, implant manufacturer, and implant sizing demonstrated no statistically significant association to GHOST lesion presence. Postoperatively, GHOST lesion development was not associated with range of motion or ASES score. However, presence of GHOST lesions on radiographs was associated with increased pain scores for patients at 2 months (p = 0.034) and 12 months (p = 0.029) postoperatively. DiscussionInferior glenoid hyperostosis (GHOST) lesions is a common and potentially benign finding following reverse shoulder arthroplasty, with unclear etiology. Risk factors for GHOST lesions included male gender, while patient demographics, implant type or size, shoulder lateralization and distalization were not associated with lesion formation. Clinically, greater short-term VAS scores were seen in patients with GHOST lesions. However, there were no differences observed between the two groups in ASES scores or postoperative range of motion at later time points. Further research is needed to identify risk factors and assess the clinical implications of GHOST lesions.

The Suprascapular Artery as a Reference for the Evaluation of Supraspinatus Fatty Infiltration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Fatty infiltration (FI) of the supraspinatus is commonly seen in chronic large-to-massive rotator cuff tears. Evaluating FI in patients with severe muscle atrophy can be confusing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomic relationship between the suprascapular artery and supraspinatus muscle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide a method for defining the border of the supraspinatus muscle on Y-view MRI. It was hypothesized that the branches of the suprascapular artery would encircle the supraspinatus muscle on Y-view and adjacent MRI slices and could be used for defining the supraspinatus outline on oblique sagittal images. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. A total of 172 shoulders that had undergone arthroscopic repair for large-to-massive rotator cuff tears were retrospectively included. Two methods, one based on the supraspinous fossa and trapezius (SF method) and the other based on the region bounded by the branches of the suprascapular artery (SA method), were used for defining the supraspinatus outline on Y-view MRI for the assessment of FI. Preoperative supraspinatus FI grade and tangent sign and postoperative tendon integrity were evaluated. Shoulder function was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and active range of motion. The branches of the suprascapular artery encircled the supraspinatus in all shoulders, with the diameter of the branches ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm. The agreement in supraspinatus FI grading between the SF and SA methods was 65.12%. When limited to the 61 shoulders with a positive tangent sign, the agreement dropped to 22.95% (κ = 0.032). The group (FI grade 2 by SA method and ≥3 by SF method) showed no significant difference in postoperative outcomes compared with the 2-vs-2 group but had significantly better postoperative ASES scores (P = .001) and active range of motion in forward elevation (P = .020) compared with the ≥3-vs-≥3 group. The tangent sign was positive in 92.16% of the 2-vs-≥3 group. The suprascapular artery is a reliable reference for the evaluation of supraspinatus FI. When a positive tangent sign presents, supraspinatus FI is likely to be overestimated if the hyperintensity outside the region bounded by the branches of the suprascapular artery is mistaken as FI.

Rehabilitation Protocol Variability Following Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and Remplissage for Management of Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review.

Augmentation of an arthroscopic Bankart repair with the remplissage (ABR) procedure has shown to confer a decrease in recurrence rates, yet, at the expense of potentially compromising shoulder motion. The purpose was to examine clinical studies that described a post-operative rehabilitation protocol after an arthroscopic Bankart repair and remplissage procedure. It was hypothesized that a review of the literature would find variability among the studies and that, among comparative studies, there would be a limited distinction from protocols for isolated Bankart repairs. Systematic Review. A search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following terms were combined while utilizing Boolean operators: (Bankart lesion OR labral tear) AND (remplissage). Studies evaluating patients after arthroscopic stabilization for unidirectional anterior glenohumeral instability with the addition of the remplissage procedure and at least 1 year follow-up were included for analysis. A total of 41 studies (14 Level IV, 24 Level III, 2 Level II, and 1 Level I) were included with a total of 1,307 patients who underwent ABR. All patients had <30% glenoid bone loss and a range of 10-50% humeral head size Hill-Sachs lesion. Type and position of immobilization were the most reported outcomes (41/41) followed by time of immobilization (40/41). Moreover, 23/41 studies described their initial post-operative shoulder range of motion restrictions, while 17/41 specified any shoulder motion allowed during this restrictive phase. Time to return to sport was also described in 37/41 of the retrieved studies. Finally, only two of the 27 comparative studies tailored their rehabilitation protocol according to the specific procedure performed, underscoring the lack of an individualized approach (i.e.same rehabilitation protocol for different procedures). The results of the present systematic review expose the variability among rehabilitation protocols following ABR. This variability prompts consideration of the underlying factors influencing these disparities and underscores the need for future research to elucidate optimal rehabilitation. Based on the results of this systematic review and the senior authors´ clinical experience, a rehabilitation approach similar to an isolated Bankart repair appears warranted, with additional precautions being utilized regarding internal rotation range of motion and external rotation strengthening. Level 3.

A Percutaneous Triple K-Wire Fixation Technique for Nascent Malunion of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture-Dislocation: A Case Series With an Assessment of Functional Outcome

Fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint are difficult to manage. In the case of a 2- to 4-week delay in definitive treatment, a nascent malunion may result. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the percutaneous triple K-wire technique for treatment of the PIP joint nascent malunion. We treated 13 patients with nascent malunion of PIP joint fracture-dislocations using the percutaneous triple K-wire fixation technique based on the principle of soft callus manipulation to achieve congruity and reduction in the joint. The study included cases where the percentage of articular involvement exceeded 40% and in whom there was a minimum follow-up of 12 months. At the final follow-up, we measured the range of motion at the PIP joint. The Ishida and Ikuta scores were determined. The mean period between injury and surgery was 17.2 days. The average follow-up time was 14.2 months. The mean active arc of motion before surgery in the PIP joint was 15 degrees and that at the final follow-up was 83 degrees. Seven patients achieved excellent outcomes according to the Ishida and Ikuta scores. The final postoperative range of motion at the PIP joint was comparable with that reported in the literature for patients who underwent different procedures. This procedure can be considered a viable alternative to open reduction and plating, hemihamate arthroplasty, and ligamentotaxis with distraction, particularly in the presence of nascent malunion. Therapeutic IV.

The outcomes of surgical treatment of complex radial head fractures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of complex radial head fractures at mid-term follow-up, and determine whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or radial head arthroplasty (RHA) should be recommended for surgical treatment. Patients who underwent surgery for complex radial head fractures (Mason type III, ≥ three fragments) were divided into two groups (ORIF and RHA) and propensity score matching was used to individually match patients based on patient characteristics. Ultimately, 84 patients were included in this study. After a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (2.0 to 9.5), patients were invited for clinical and radiological assessment. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Oxford Elbow Score (OES), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score were evaluated. Patients treated with ORIF showed significantly better postoperative range of motion for flexion and extension (121.1° (SD 16.4°) vs 108.1° (SD 25.8°); p = 0.018). Postoperative functional scores also showed significantly better results in the ORIF group (MEPS 90.1 (SD 13.6) vs 78 (SD 20.5); p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the complication rate (RHA 23.8% (n = 10) vs ORIF 26.2% (n = 11)). Implant-related complications occurred in six cases (14.3%) in the RHA group and in five cases (11.9%) in the ORIF group. Irrespective of the patient's age, sex, type of injury, or number of fracture fragments, ORIF of the radial head should be attempted initially, if a stable reconstruction can be achieved, as it seems to provide a superior postoperative outcome for the patient compared to primary RHA. If reconstruction is not feasible, RHA is still a viable alternative. In the surgical treatment of complex radial head fractures, reconstruction shows superior postoperative outcomes compared to RHA. Good postoperative results can be achieved even after failed reconstruction and conversion to secondary RHA. Therefore, we encourage surgeons to favour reconstruction of complex radial head fractures, regardless of injury type or number of fragments, as long as a stable fixation can be achieved.

Do Constrained Liners (in a 145° onlay implant) Provide Any Benefit? A Matched Retrospective Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) using constrained liners (in a 145° onlay implant, Exactech, Equinoxe) with primary rTSA using standard liners with a minimum 1-year follow-up. A total of 836 primary rTSA patients were analyzed in this study. Patients treated with constrained liners (n=209) were cross-matched 1:3 for age, gender, glenosphere diameter, and follow-up duration, and compared with 627 patients who underwent primary rTSA with standard liners. Study endpoint was at one year. Outcomes were analyzed preoperatively and at the latest follow-up. Patient characteristics, postoperative range of motion (ROM), patient reported outcomes (PROs), complications and revisions were recorded. There was no statistically significant changes in improvement in pain (-4.9 vs -5.1; p=0.356), ROM (abduction, 45.7° vs 47.9°; p=0.522) (forward elevation, 44.0 vs 50.8°; p=0.057) (internal rotation score 1.0 vs 1.1; p=0.709) (external rotation, 17.9° vs 16.7°; p=0.543), or PROs (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score, 44.5 vs 43.7; p=0.107) (Shoulder Arthroplasty Smart score, 27.5 vs 30.0; p=0.052) between the constrained and standard liner cohorts at minimum 1 year follow-up. However, the constrained liner rTSA cohort had a significantly higher rate of adverse events (6.2% vs. 2.7%; p=0.012), including a higher rate of scapular notching (15.6% vs. 8.8%; p=0.015). The utilization of constrained liners in primary rTSA demonstrated no significant difference in the change in pain, abduction, forward elevation, ER and IR scores, ASES scores, and SAS scores at minimum 1-year follow-up. There was no significant difference in forward elevation or abduction compared to standard liners. However, we observed that the overall rate of adverse events, including scapular notching were significantly higher in the constrained liner cohort. Long-term clinical and radiographic follow-up is necessary to fully elucidate the durability of these results. At this time, it is unclear if constrained liners have any benefit in rTSA.

Comparative analysis of medial pivot vs. posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty in patients with valgus deformed osteoarthritic knees: a retrospective cohort study.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is highly effective for end-stage knee osteoarthritis, providing long-term benefits and anticipated increased prevalence. The study compares Medial Pivot TKA's (MP-TKA) historical success for varus deformities with recent findings suggesting comparable outcomes for valgus deformities. Despite prevalent use of Posterior Stabilized TKA (PS-TKA) for valgus deformities, this research explores the unexplored comparative efficacy of MP-TKA vs. PS-TKA in knee osteoarthritis patients with valgus deformity. This single-centrecohort study focused on 57 knees in 53 patients undergoing TKA for knee osteoarthritis with valgus deformity. Conducted between January 2013 and April 2021, the study compared MP-TKA and PS-TKA. Surgeries adhered to a medial parapatellar approach and modified gap technique, with perioperative interventions for pain, bleeding, and swelling. Outcome measurements included knee joint range of motion, radiographic evaluation, patients-reported outcomes, operative time, blood laboratory tests, estimated blood loss, and postoperative adverse events, and analyzed between the two groups. Postoperative hip-knee-ankle angles showed no significant difference between MP-TKA and PS-TKA. The pie crust technique was similarly used in both groups, and deformity correction showed no significant difference. Range of motion and clinical outcomes, measured by WOMAC and JOA scores, were comparable postoperatively. MP-TKA had a shorter surgical duration (p = 0.01), and PS-TKA exhibited higher estimated blood loss (p = 0.01) without significant complications in either group. This pioneering study compares the outcomes of MP TKA and PS TKA in patients with valgus-deformed osteoarthritic knees. Compared to PS TKA, MP TKA shows a prolonged operative duration and increased blood loss, likely due to the requirement for patellar replacement. However, postoperative range of motion and clinical outcomes are similar. Both groups exhibit favorable midterm clinical results, supporting the viability of MP TKA for valgus deformed knees. The study, consistent in surgical approach, highlights MP TKA's effectiveness for valgus deformities.

Retrospective analysis of opioid use in patients with and without cryoneurolysis prior to total knee arthroplasty: a comparison cohort study

Introduction Routine usage of opioids to manage pain in the post-operative period is commonplace following many orthopaedic procedures. As the trends of opioid abuse and addiction have been primarily linked to an increase in opioid prescriptions, more attention has been focused on reducing opioid prescriptions by managing postoperative pain via alternative methods. The objective of this study was to determine if cryoneurolysis within three months prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) resulted in reduced opioid consumption postoperatively. Materials and Methods An IRB approved retrospective review of 183 patients who underwent primary TKA between August 2022 and February 2023 was conducted. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid usage was compared between patients who received cryoneurolysis within three months prior to TKA compared with patients who did not receive cryoneurolysis preoperatively. Secondary outcomes included postoperative knee range of motion (ROM) and referral to physical therapy. Results No statistically significant difference was observed in postoperative opioid consumption for patients who underwent cryoneurolysis prior to TKA compared with patients who did not undergo cryoneurolysis prior to surgery. Discussion Although cryoneurolysis within three months prior to TKA failed to produce a statistically significant decrease in postoperative opioid consumption, the lead author’s preoperative treatment pathway did result in overall reduction in opioid consumption compared to previously published studies. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that cryoneurolysis within three months prior to TKA does not reduce patient postoperative opioid consumption.

Tensile Strength of Nerve Bridging Models Using Collagen Nerve Conduits.

In the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries with nerve defects, second-generation collagen-based conduits, such as Renerve® (Nipro, Osaka, Japan), have shown the potential for promoting nerve regeneration. However, there is concern related to the weak material properties. No previous studies have addressed the strength of the bridging model using collagen conduits. This study aimed to investigate the tensile strength and failure patterns in nerve defect models bridged with Renerve® conduits through biomechanical research. Using fresh chicken sciatic nerves, we examined the maximum failure load of four groups: bridging models using Renerve® with one suture (group A), with two sutures (group B), with three sutures (group C), and end-to-end neurorrhaphy models with two sutures (group N). Each group had eight specimens. We also evaluated failure patterns of the specimens. Group N showed a significantly higher maximum failure load (0.96 ± 0.13 N) compared to groups A (0.23 ± 0.06 N, p < 0.0001), B (0.29 ± 0.05 N, p < 0.0001), and C (0.40 ± 0.10 N, p < 0.0001). Regarding failure patterns, all specimens in group A showed nerve-end dislocation from the conduit. Two specimens in group B and three specimens in group C failed due to circumferential cracks in the conduit. Six specimens in group B and five specimens in group C exhibited cutting out of sutures from the conduit. This study suggests that the number of sutures in synthetic collagen nerve conduits has little effect on the maximum failure load. To take advantage of its biomaterial benefits, a period of postoperative range of motion restriction may be required.

Dose compliance of estramustine phosphate in neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy combined with degarelix acetate predicts the biochemical recurrence in patients with very high-risk prostate cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant degarelix acetate and low-dose estramustine phosphate for high-/very high-risk prostate cancer. Overall, 187 patients diagnosed with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-/very high-risk cTanyN0M0 localized prostate cancer who consented to undergo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after receiving neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy for 6 months were prospectively enrolled between December 2017 and March 2023. Adverse events, perioperative and histopathological outcomes, and biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were examined. Survival analysis compared the estramustine phosphate completion and reduction groups. Thirty-six patients discontinued neoadjuvant therapy in <5 months owing to adverse events (n = 34) or other reasons (n = 2). Eleven were excluded for being in the postoperative castration range. Of the 140 patients who underwent surgery, 124 continued with two tablets of estramustine phosphate and 16 with one tablet. Overall, 82 patients were very high-risk. Histopathological outcomes were significantly worse in the very high-risk group than those in the high-risk group. Very high-risk status and estramustine phosphate reduction were significant factors in biochemical recurrence in multivariate analysis. The biochemical recurrence-free survival rate in very high-risk patients was significantly lower in the estramustine phosphate dose reduction group than in the completion group but not significant in high-risk patients. Major adverse events were anemia (n = 174), elevated transaminase levels (n = 68), and deep vein thrombosis (n = 24). Severe adverse events included acute coronary syndrome (n = 4) and pulmonary embolism (n = 3). Dose compliance with estramustine phosphate predicted biochemical recurrence in patients with very high-risk prostate cancer undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy.

Functional outcome after bicompartmental knee replacement for medial and patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is used for tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis, while unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is preferred for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. Bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) aims to address 2 knee compartments by combining 2 UKA's or 1 UKA with a patellofemoral replacement. This study examines the clinical outcomes of BKA, focusing on pain alleviation and knee function. The aim of this study is to report the functional outcome of BKA and see if this aligns with BKA outcomes from literature in terms of patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs) and range of motion (ROM) after a 2-year follow-up. Additionally, radiographic alignment, implant survivorship, adverse events and length of stay are secondary outcomes. This is a cohort study of 21 patients who underwent BKA for medial and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The patients had follow-up for at least 2 years postoperatively. PROMs were assessed using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). ROM was measured using a goniometer. Pre- and postoperative radiographic coronal alignment was measured using standard full leg radiographs. Patient demographics, implant survivorship, length of stay and adverse events were recorded. Twenty-one patients (23 knees) were included, with a mean follow-up of 41 months (standard deviation [SD] 12 months; range 24-59 months). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) demonstrated significant improvements, with 80% achieving good to excellent OKS and KSS scores. KOOS scores were similar to scores found in literature. The WOMAC score was higher in our results compared to other authors. Which indicates worse outcome. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA) was 2.4 degrees varus (SD 1.9 degrees; range 1.2 degrees valgus - 6.1 degrees varus), while the mean postoperative HKAA was 0.3 degrees valgus (SD 2.8 degrees; range 4.6 degrees valgus - 5.6 degrees varus) (p < 0.001). Postoperative range of motion averaged 117 degrees (SD 10 degrees; range 98-132). BKA shows promise in alleviating pain and improving knee function in patients with medial and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Challenges include the risk of revision and technical difficulties during surgery. Comparative studies suggest similar outcomes between BKA and TKA, with potential advantages for younger, more active patients. Further research, particularly randomized trials with larger cohorts, is necessary to elucidate the long-term benefits and drawbacks of BKA compared to other knee arthroplasty options.