Post-human Era Research Articles

The Finitude of the Human and the World of the None-Whole: On the Aesthetics of Existence in Korean Modernist Literature in the Posthuman Age

Posthuman discourse calls for a fundamental shift away from modern anthropocentric thought. This shift stems from the reflection that many of the problems in the modern capitalist world, including climate change, are rooted in anthropocentric attitudes and ways of life. Amid rapid climatic and technological changes, transforming our way of thinking is essential. This paper argues that such a transformation is possible through the exploration of new subjectivities that incorporate the other, transforming the self in the process. It examines how 1930s Korean colonial modernist literature illustrates this search for new subjectivities. Based on this exploration, this paper also concretizes the tendencies and problems in our society, particularly concerning technological fascism, through recent Korean fiction and discusses the significance of the literary imaginations of 1930s colonial Korean modernism in the posthuman era.

Visions of posthumanity: a posthumanist narrative study on Rebuild of Evangelion

Rebuild of Evangelion, the tetralogy of animated films created by Hideaki Anno, envisions and discusses the form and attributes of the posthuman in the near future, showing the inherent vitality of as the core feature, as well as the dynamic relationality in terms of geography and technology. The films critique the “Human Instrumentality Project” as a transhumanist ideal for its disembodied inclination, anthropocentric nature, and predatory dichotomy. Through the characterization and narratives of the films, the posthumanist values and ethics advocated by Rosi Braidotti are presented as Anno’s key message, that is, in the era of posthumanism that has already come, we should establish a monistic materialistic attitude, highlight the inherent relationality, embeddedness, and transversality among all beings, and establish a posthuman ethics that advocates egalitarian care basing on universal vitality.

The Relationship Between the Church and Humanoid Robots in the Posthumanism Era

The interaction between the Church and robotics in the era of posthumanism will become increasingly intense. In the past, religious discourses and robots never coexisted. However, the development of artificial intelligence and humanoid robots provides a challenging discourse for the church to respond positively. Robots in the future may become an assistant to both presbuteros and deacons to a certain extent. The church needs to realize that technology can be a medium to glorify God. This research was qualitatively conducted with a theological–philosophical approach. In the future, robots could accompany church servants in various capacities, such as welcoming the congregation, reading Bible verses, preaching, providing counseling, and even maintaining church security. Even so, there are limitations because humans still need communication that touches them emotionally. This research recommends the need for the church to be more open to robotics technology. Keywords: Church, humanoid robots, posthumanism, artificial intelligence

Unveiling the Significance of Psalm 23 in Christian Education Amidst the Post-Human Era

The main objective of this study is to analyze and provide an interpretation of Psalm 23 within the framework of Christian Education in the post-human era. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research utilizes a combination of literature study and biblical exegesis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the text. By employing an interpretative approach that involves exposition and critical analysis, the study engages with relevant literature to discuss the significance of Psalm 23 in education. The psalm portrays a profound trust in God’s guidance, care, and provision, emphasizing the importance of these theological themes in the field of education. In the context of the rapidly evolving challenges presented by advanced technology and the blurring of human–machine boundaries, the timeless wisdom of Psalm 23 serves as a moral compass and provides valuable insights for educators to navigate these complex issues. Keywords: Psalm 23, Christian education, post-human

Symposium 3: Tomorrow’s Networked Posthumans: Reflections on Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Well-Being of Young Children

While networked learning (NL) is most often associated with adult learning and professional work practices, examining the “ontogenetic development” of children in the context of today’s smart global networks is also relevant to NL research (Rodríguez-Illera & Barberà in NLEC et al., 2021). In this paper, we ask: What child-technology relations are being forged in our posthuman era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data and global networks? We begin by scoping the intensifying presence of networked, smart technologies in the home life of infants, toddlers and preschoolers; we examine recent policy frameworks regarding AI, ethics and children. We then turn to two phenomenological philosophers, Michel Serres and Bernard Stiegler to consider how their thinking about digital technologies might provide insight for parents and educators as they endeavour to make the best “smart” technology choices for children. Finally, we consider the implications of our phenomenological reflections on today’s young posthumans for networked learning and postdigital education.

A theology rhizome

This article contains suggestions to the Faculties of Theology in South Africa about an alternative way and direction to educate their students in this metamodern era. Because any learning in a specific profession implies lifelong and lifewide learning, the suggestion also includes the alumni of the faculties. This is all about rhizomatic learning, which involves both the educators and their students in an interactive and student-centred relationship where both parties act on an equal basis when deciding on the content and direction of the learning process for a specific year. It also involves the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and large language models such as ChatGPT. This is therefore an appeal to the educators of the Faculties of Theology in South Africa to become highly empowered resourceful online educators (HEROEs), also called recently minded educators (with no age restriction), taking a fresh look at the way in which they are currently teaching their 21st-century students and to maybe reconsider it in light of this article.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Good contemporary theological education would mostly result in good Theology students and good pastors. This article suggests an alternative way to teach our students in the current metamodern era. Rhizomatic learning fits into the technological era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as well as Education 4.0, Learning 3.0 and the posthuman era.

포스트휴먼 시대, 개신교 종교교육의 과제

[Objective] This study aims to examine the concept of ‘posthuman’ as a prominent issue in contemporary society and explore the key characteristics of the so-called ‘posthuman era’. It also seeks to identify the challenges facing Christian religious education within this evolving context. [Contents] To achieve this, the article defines posthuman and the posthuman era by focusing on aspects such as the radical enhancement of human abilities, the dramatic extension of human lifespan, the integration of artificial devices with human bodies (cyborgization), and the humanization of machines like artificial intelligence and robots. Furthermore, the challenges posed by this era include reconsidering the essence of humanity, reflecting on the legitimacy of posthumanization, discussing its societal impacts, and (re)establishing necessary social norms and institutions. [Conclusions] Consequently, this research suggests that Christian religious education, in response to the posthuman era, needs to guide, encourage, help, and empower people to live out humanity, pursue equality and peace, strive for cooperation and coexistence, and lead societal and human change.

Critical Thinking in the Age of Expanded Telepathy and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

Unveiling a world of expanded telepathy, the study investigates the convergence of cosmological awareness and brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies. It delves into the evolution or potential disappearance of individual critical thinking in a posthuman era, exploring the emergence of a new form of criticality beyond human boundaries. By envisioning a future where telepathy becomes a reality, the paper examines the direct sharing of mental states, bypassing traditional communication methods and raising profound questions about the nature of consciousness and intentionality.

Between Man and Machine: A Posthumanist Analysis of I, Robot

In Isaac Asimov’s groundbreaking anthology, I, Robot, the intricacies of human and robotic interactions take center stage, delving deep into questions of consciousness, right, morality. Characterized by Asimov’s unique blend of science fiction and philosophical pondering, the stories establish a framework to reflect on the evolving dynamics of an advanced technological society in space. Robots are capable to interact with human, to interpret complicate orders and act automatically, to help human with dull or dangerous works such as calculating and mining, even replacing the workers. Asimov also raised Three Laws of Robotics to make sure that all robots function in order. Through the lens of posthumanism, the anthology is examined for its portrayal of the blurred boundaries between human and artificial intelligences. Robots and human co-exist in the society. However, due to the limitation of “Three Laws of Robotics”, some logical contradictions inevitably appears and lead to the dysfunction of robots. As a result, I, Robot emerges as a poignant critique of humanity’s ethical and existential challenges in the face of rapid technological advancements. Building on existing research, this article attempts to forge a new perspective by reflecting on the broader implications of the artificial intelligence in Asimov’s works through the lens of post-humanism. It considers the existential questions of AI on a consciousness level, explores the egalitarian relationship between humans and machines from a rights perspective, and analyzes the concepts of “humanity” and “human-like” from a moral and ethical standpoint. It encourages readers to recognize that robots are not mere slaves to humans; instead, humans should view AI with equality and reverence towards the advancements of the era’s technology. Humanity should step away from anthropocentrism, not solely viewing humans as the measure of all things in this rapidly evolving era of AI, and properly handle the relationship between humans and non-humans. Currently, with rapid advancements in science and technology, the world of human-machine coexistence depicted by Isaac Asimov is increasingly becoming a reality. The emergence of artificial intelligences like AlphaGo and ChatGPT constantly reminds us of the advent of a post-human era. This article aims to examine the connections between AI and humans, discussing the dynamic interaction and mutual shaping between robots and human society. This article hopes to provide new thoughts and strategies for understanding and addressing the challenges brought by the age of artificial intelligence.

Posthumanitas : Civilization's Transition and a New Understanding of Humanity

The advancement of science and technology, led by artificial intelligence, is not only shaping the direction of human life but also shaking its very meaning. In this article, I will explore the meaning of the transition to a new civilization called ‘the post-human era’ from a more macroscopic perspective and attempt to interpret our current reality from a new standpoint. To achieve this, we will examine the insights of contemporary philosophers such as Latour, Haraway, Bhaskar, and Ferrando, who oppose anthropocentrism of the modern era and propose new worldviews and perspectives on humanity. They argue that there is a need for the evolution of the ontological relationship between humans and non-humans. Particularly, the development of artificial intelligence technology demands a shift in the relationship between humans and machines from a tool-based connection to a mutually interdependent, agentive relationship. Therefore, in the era of post-humanism, a new concept of humanity is required, and through this, we must overcome the limitations of the anthropocentric notion of humanity from the modern era. ‘<i>Humanitas</i>’ is also a guiding principle in liberal education. I hope for ongoing discussions and debates regarding the meaning and content of this guiding principle, as well as the evolution and changes in the concept.

The Nature of AI Ethics Education in the Posthuman Era

In light of the development and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), ethical issues surrounding AI have garnered significant attention in both academia and society. Consequently, this paper explores the theoretical foundations of AI ethics based on posthumanism and seeks to outline directions for AI ethics education. The core research questions of this study are twofold: first, what are the theoretical foundations of posthuman ethics, and second, what are the practical considerations and educational directions for posthuman AI ethics? The key conclusions of this paper can be summarized as follows. Firstly, ethical challenges are increasingly important for AI developers, emphasizing the need to establish supervisory systems that highlight ethical elements and incorporate ethical considerations into algorithm design. Secondly, AI ethics education should encompass not only the ethical attitudes of human users but also the ethical roles of AI itself. Thirdly, fundamental ethical considerations related to societal changes in the posthuman era are essential now and in the future. This paper aims to stimulate discussions in academia and educational settings by providing essential directions for AI ethics and education in anticipation of a future posthuman society.

Posthumanism philosophy in nursing profession

Posthumanism represents a dynamic and continually evolving movement, positing that advancements in science and technology, over time, will lead to the displacement of humans by machines, diminishing the human role in the world [1, 2]. It contends that the core of learning encompasses diverse factors, rejecting the centrality of humanism [3]. Consequently, nursing practices must adapt to societal changes influenced by post-humanist ideals [1]. Nurses are urged to comprehend the evolving landscape of post-humanism in nursing education, research, and knowledge [4]. Within the post-humanist framework, it is asserted that nursing challenges, both current and future, can be effectively addressed through interactive and collaborative approaches between nurses and patients [5]. This post-humanist perspective significantly impacts health performance, particularly in nursing and rehabilitation nursing, emphasizing the advancement of nursing care [6, 7]. Recognition of human and non-human relationships becomes imperative in nursing, considering the continuous progression of science and technology [8]. The rapid advancements in science and technology have introduced the capability for individuals to select desirable traits for their offspring through genetic manipulation and consider artificial organs for various medical conditions [3]. Consequently, nursing in the post-humanist era necessitates an adaptation to living in harmony with the growth and development of artificial intelligence [9]. Nurses are called upon to contribute to societal empowerment aligned with emerging technologies [10]. In the era of posthumanism, nurses assume a crucial role characterized by effective interaction, understanding of prevailing conditions, and the application of critical thinking and creativity in nursing care. Traditional solutions may prove inadequate in addressing novel conditions and situations, emphasizing the need for nurses to make informed decisions based on evidence-based decision-making [3]. Therefore, an essential requirement is nursing education that emphasizes evidence-based decision-making and the cultivation of critical thinking skills.

Learning, Teaching, Coexisting, Thriving: The Evolution of Space Architecture in the Posthuman Era

AbstractOlga Bannova directs the Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) at the University of Houston, Texas, and Sandra Häuplik‐ Meusburger directs the Space Architecture EMBA at Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien). Here they present the notion of viewing humanity as not superior to other beings and entities, allowing the possibility of the much more inclusive coexistence that will be necessary as our posthuman future pushes us deeper into Space.

포스트휴먼 시대에 문학교육의 역할

The purpose of this study is to explore the necessity of literature education in the post-human era where uncertainty is amplified due to the rapid development of science and technology. What is fundamentally necessary in a rapidly changing reality that exceeds the capacity of human consciousness? It involves introspection on the meaning of human life and existence. This is because what can lead the future society in a desirable direction, which is difficult to predict, is ultimately related to human ethical duty. One possible way is through reading literature that encompasses human life. Literature has secured the resources of stories that were difficult for mankind to imagine or guess over countless times, gained persuasive power, and expanded its scope enough to prepare for the shock of a rapidly changing reality. In this context, this study aims to examine the need to reconsider the role of literature education. It does so by introducing aspects of a literature class, particularly focused on Death of a Salesman, conducted as a liberal arts course at a 4-year university in Seoul. This is in response to the reality that the position of literature has been narrowed even within the university curriculum.

Posthuman and Personhood: Legal Ambiguity of Robo Spiens, Corporate and Nature in Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods

Posthumanism is frequently associated with the concept that humans are no longer mere biological entities, but rather intricate and multifaceted beings endowed with distinctive characteristics and abilities. Conversely, legal personhood pertains to the status of individuals or organizations as legal entities possessing rights and responsibilities under the law. This encompasses their capacity to engage in contractual agreements, own property, initiate or be subject to lawsuits, and receive specific protections under legal frameworks. Both ideologies emphasize the significance of individual autonomy and agency while simultaneously challenging conventional notions of humanity. What’s more, the Stone Gods portrays nature, corporations, and robo sapiens as entities endowed with a certain "legal personhood" during the posthuman era, igniting fervent debates on whether we should bestow such status upon these non-human beings. This article delves into the legal ambiguity surrounding personhood for non-humans in this futuristic era, aiming to further explore the rational potential of dynamic legal personhood for the future.

공존의 관점으로 바라본 고전문학 기반 웹툰의 매체 전환 양상과 의미

This study aims to analyze the webtoons <Barojabneun Soonaebo> and <My Roommate is a Gumiho> to examine the media transition pattern and meaning from the perspective of ‘coexistence’. Both works depict aspects of the coexistence of human and dehuman beings. This description can convey the value and necessity of coexistence in moving toward the post-human era. In addition, it is expected to be a more resonant delivery method as it uses the classical literature, which implies Korea's own perception. Like this media transformation will enable classical literature to revive in the modern world and maintain its own vitality and values, while also using classical literature works to create modern contents that contains Korea's unique meanings and values.

포스트휴먼 사회의 도덕적 출산과 감정의 정치학

This paper delves into the investigation of an expanded definition of subjectivity within posthuman society and its implications for the discourse on procreation. In the posthuman era, characterized by technological advancements and environmental shifts, the landscape of social reproduction is influenced. As humans undergo a transformative process, assuming a state that is both more and less than human, as posited by Rosi Braidotti, the ethical underpinnings of posthuman society necessitate an inclusive perspective that encompasses not only posthumans in the traditional sense of emerging technologies but also politically, socially, and environmentally vulnerable humans. Scrutinizing the moral dimensions of childbirth, this paper examines both conventional practices and those facilitated by posthuman technologies. Drawing upon Margaret Atwood’s The Testaments and Angela Chadwick’s XX, it elucidates how the discourse surrounding childbirth is shaped by social ideologies that curtail reproductive rights, regardless of technological progress. Emotions emerge as a crucial political mechanism, wherein moral judgments surrounding childbirth instigate social and individual tensions. Through an analysis of individual responses to the emotional politics portrayed in two novels, this paper explores the posthuman ethics associated with the discourse of childbirth, providing insights into the ideals that a new society should strive to embrace.

Nursing in a posthuman era: Towards a technology-integrated ecosystem of care

The healthcare sector has undergone significant transformation due to the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and biotechnologies, presenting both opportunities and threats to the nursing profession. Posthumanism, as a critical perspective challenging anthropocentrism and emphasizing the increasingly blurred boundaries between humans and nonhumans, provides a novel lens to comprehend these technological advancements. In this commentary paper, I draw on the posthuman discourse to argue that in light of these technological forces, we need to contemplate the core values and fundamental patterns of knowing within the nursing discipline, reconfigure nursing scope, redefine its relations with other agents, and embrace a technology-integrated ecosystem of care.

Hegemonising Post-Humanism and the Future of Education

The distinguished feature of the third millennium is augmenting and endorsing the use of digitalised tools until they have controlled our everyday style-of-living and, in some way or another, turned it into a digital one. Literally, smart gadgets have bugged humanity; they have become indispensable. Furthermore, it is commonly believed that life is impossible without them. Smart phones that have facilitated human access into the cyberspace have also paved the way to willing absorption into virtual realms to the extent that they have become the gateway to effective interaction with life and with peer human beings. By all means, technology is similar to an over-sweeping tide; technological advancements are numberless and immensely growing to the extent that it looks as if there would be a special technological innovation for each living soul. If few years ago educators were discussing the problems of integrating technology into classrooms and the issues of training educators to adapt to the new trends, the current problem would be how to make benefit of the available AI technologies instead of denouncing them as means of ruining the education process. The greatest challenge that educators will shortly encounter is ChatGPT and Google Bard because they would ruin the zeal for proper understanding and any exerted effort for researching. As for the Cyberlife Androids, they are the principal future competitors for educators. Remarkably, if it is alleged that the task of the Cyberlife Androids with students will never be easy, it should be considered that they are designed to win. Yet, the greatest obstacle is Elon Musk’s Neuralink brain microchip and the Chinese Brain Talker implants. Brain microchip technology is expected to be an ipso facto by the few upcoming years; it would be as vital as smart phones. Education in a post-human era is a challenging mission. Accordingly, the task of educators will never be easy. They should be well-prepared for their mission or they would be replaced by digital versions sooner than expected. Thus, the article sheds light upon the post-human era with its technological advancements that have a profound impact upon humanity. It also attempts to propose a preemptive approach to deal with these inevitable technological leaps that might convert humans into cyborgs lacking proper cognitive knowledge, knowing that technological advancements are turning into an insurmountable dilemma that require special measures. The article also endeavours to envisage a friendly techno-human relationship that would better control the fall into a post-human space.

백희나 그림책에 나타난 포스트휴먼 신물질론의 얽힘

Based on the posthuman new materialism, we would like to examine the characteristics of Baek Hee-na or picture books and the entanglement between humans and more-than-human’ world. After selecting four picture books: “Strange Mom,” “A Strange Guest ,” “Magic Candies” and “I'm a Dog,”, diffraction analysis was conducted. Baek Hee-na picture books have the characteristics of polystyled entanglement of text-picture texts, the lively and related material (world) system, and various emotions in daily life. Next, Baek Hee-na's picture books were intertwined with post-human new materialism, first with 'acting background: assemblage relationship among all', second with 'cross-existence breaking boundaries: strange hybrid', and third with 'response to non-human beings: ability: relationship and ethics of care'. The discourse on posthuman new materialism became materialized with the world of picture books. This paper’s proposition may broaden the academy to discuss the theoretical picture books foundations and directions of early childhood education in the posthuman era.