Postgraduate Training Of Doctors Research Articles

Александр Рубенович Ханамиров – основатель школы оториноларингологии в Ростовском государственном медицинском институте

The formation and development of otorhinolaryngology at the Rostov State Medical Institute, which is closely connected with the name of the outstanding scientist, Doctor of Medical Sciences Alexander Rubenovich Khanamirov, are considered. The future scientist began his work in otorhinolaryngology at the clinic of the North Caucasus Railway. Since February 1938, his working and scientific-pedagogical activities have been associated with the ENT clinic of the Russian State Medical Institute. During the Great Patriotic War, A.R. Khanamirov was the chief otorhinolaryngologist of the Kalinin and First Baltic fronts, and in 1953 he was the head of the department of otorhinolaryngology. In 1959 he was awarded the academic title of professor. Since then, the A.R. Khanamirov attention - postgraduate training of doctors, organization of specialized departments in the healthcare system of the region and city. His scientific works are devoted to the problem of surgical treatment of various forms of hearing loss and the development of a new method of treating otosclerosis.

The Role of the Medical Association in the Postgraduate Training of Doctors in the Field of Clinical Algology

The development of medical science, the emergence of new technologies, specialties and areas significantly increase the need for postgraduate education. The main goal of postgraduate professional education is the preparation of a highly qualified medical specialist. The article discusses the problem of postgraduate education of doctors in clinical algology. The example of the Russian Independent Medical Association shows its role in the development of a separate medical specialty

The Impact of COVID-19 on Postgraduate Training of Doctors in the United Kingdom: A Narrative Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to healthcare systems globally. The delivery of medical education was consequently impacted as a result of this. In order to move past the pandemic, we must identify the gaps in postgraduate education. This literature review examines studies focusing on postgraduate training in the United Kingdom (UK) and attempts to bring together the issues that havebeen highlighted in these studiesand the impact that this has had on trainees. It is important for the providers of healthcare education to have an understanding of the impacts of this disruptionin order to maintain the quality of postgraduate medical education. Health Education England, along with the Royal Colleges, has published a report that sets a framework on how these issues can be addressed, with some of these changes starting to be implemented in 2022.

SYSTEM AND SYNERGETIC METHODOLOGY TO RESEARCH DOCTOR'S PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN THE MULTIPROFILE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS

The national strategy for a new health care system formation in Ukraine requires medical institutions to comply with national and international standards of medical service quality and staff training, based on the concepts of their professional competencies, provided by undergraduate education and postgraduate training of doctors, nurses and managers.
 The goals of radical reform of this system call for the need of additional studying and updating of methodological approaches to the formation of health care workers' competencies on the basis of modern post-non-classical scientific picture of the world.
 The aim of the research. To determine the system and synergetic methodology and the program directions for research of professional competencies of the employees in the multiprofile health care institutions in the frame of the modern post-non-classical synergetic discourse.
 Material and methods.
 Theoretical research was conducted in the frame of the post-non-classical scientific paradigm with the use of system and synergetic analysis. Program areas of the research were determined on the project-conceptual modelling and forecasting of applied research work within the activities of a multipfofile health care institution.
 Results.
 In the determination and implementation of program areas of research of the list of professional competencies specific to a multipfofile health care institutions employees with a purpose of providing integrated medical care, it is expedient to adhere to system and synergetic modelling. It is necessary to identify the main classification features and descriptors of professional competencies of the medical institutions employees, in particular on the basis of ontological approach and method of group expert evaluation, understanding the studied set of professional competencies as a system of interconnected and interdependent competencies which is an open, nonlinear, dissipative and with a certain level of complexity and self-organization system.
 Conclusions.
 To scientifically substantiate the multidisciplinary system of formation and development of the professional competencies of the multiprofile medical institution workers, it is necessary to create a reliable model of this system based on modern theoretical and methodological principles in the post-non-classical scientific paradigm, i.e. on system and synergetic approach via use of both general and special methods of cognition.

О целесообразности внедрения цикла специальной подготовки врачей-токсикологов по теме «Химикаты двойного назначения — потенциал для создания современного химического оружия»

Актуальность. Химикаты двойного назначения и их потенциальное воздействие являются постоянным объектом наблюдения со стороны многих международных организаций, однако данная информация до сих пор не нашла должного отражения в учебных программах подготовки военных токсикологов. Цель. Подтверждение актуальности расширения спектра знаний по токсикологии химикатов двойного назначения и разработки цикла тематического усовершенствования по этому вопросу. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы материалы Организации по запрещению химического оружия, Австралийской группы, Организации по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе по вопросам международного регулирования химического и токсичного оружия. Результаты. Автором обобщены ключевые компоненты системы международного наблюдения за химическими веществами — компонентами химического оружия, дана характеристика химикатов двойного назначения. Представленные списки химикатов подразделяются в зависимости от степени потенциального риска и масштаба коммерческого применения. Подчеркивается, что в учебных программах последипломной подготовки военных врачей преимущественно уделяется внимание изучению оружия массового поражения на основе методологии, разработанной еще во времена Второй мировой войны. Учитывая вышеизложенное, существует необходимость пересмотра учебных программ последипломной подготовки военных врачей с целью создания возможности приобретения слушателями знаний по токсикологии химикатов двойного назначения и современных международных норм их наблюдения и регулирования. Выводы. В современных условиях существует необходимость совершенствования учебных программ последипломной подготовки военных врачей в аспекте изучения токсикологии химикатов двойного назначения и международных норм их контроля.

Врожденные аномалии мочевого пузыря: мировые и отечественные данные

Introduction. Congenital anomalies of the bladder are relatively rare, characterized by a wide variety of possible variants and a frequent combination with other malformations. These anomalies lead to serious consequences and necessitate early adequate medical and diagnostic assistance to such patients. With this in mind, this lecture was devoted to a review of current approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of potential complications associated with bladder abnormalities. The main part. The following malformations of the bladder were considered as the main options: anomalies of the urachus; agenesis of the bladder; hypoplasia of the bladder; megacystis; bladder duplication; diverticulum of the bladder; bladder exstrophy; bladder neck contracture. At the same time all the variants of bladder anomalies under consideration were illustrated by the data of radiation diagnostic methods or images of the appearance of such observations. Conclusions. The presented material can be recommended for use in the practice of medical specialists of various profiles, in the educational process of medical universities in the preparation of students of various specialties, highly qualified personnel in residency programs and scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school, in postgraduate training of doctors in advanced training programs and professional retraining in the specialty "Urology", as well as in research institutions during scientific research.

Continuing medical education of family doctors through distance learning in Ukraine

Analysis of the state of scientific elaboration of the problem of distance learning in Ukraine and the experience of its implementation in the practice of higher education showed that despite some achievements, this pedagogical problem needs further research. Distance learning improves postgraduate training of doctors. The main purpose of teaching in postgraduate education is to achieve high-quality practical training based on knowledge, skills and abilities in traditional and modern educational technologies. Distance learning is a promising form of pedagogical technologies in the field of medical education, as it is more flexible and corresponds to modern realities of society.

Врожденные аномалии полового члена: мировые и отечественные данные

Introduction. Congenital anomalies of the penis are among the most common birth defects in humans. However, in the special literature, the issues of malformations of the penis are insufficiently covered. Many of these anomalies, especially rare ones, are not fully understood. Materials and methods. The degree and complexity of these anomalies require a very careful and correct approach to timely treatment and reduction of negative medical, psychological and social consequences. Taking these circumstances into account, key data on the most common congenital anomalies of the penis were summarized in the form of a lecture material based on modern scientific advances. Results. The following malformations of the penis are considered as the main types: agenesis of the penis; doubling of the penis; micropenis; hidden penis; megalopenis; rotation of the penis; chordee of the penis; penile cysts; penoscrotal transposition; hemangioma of the penis; lymphedema of the penis; anomalies of the foreskin. Moreover, all types of anomalies are presented with illustrations of real clinical examples. Conclusions. The information from this work can be successfully used not only in the daily work of practicing doctors of various profiles, but also in scientific and pedagogical activities in various areas: when teaching students of medical universities, postgraduate training of doctors in residency, postgraduate studies and in the courses of advanced training and professional retraining, as well as during scientific research.

Внутрисуставное введение глюкокортикостероидов в практике ревматолога

Intra-articular and periarticular use of drugs for the purpose of relieving inflammation of the synovial membrane or periarthritis is an integral part of the complex pathogenetic treatment of joint diseases. Effectiveness of local therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS )there is no doubt and depends on a number of factors, which should include the correct assessment of indications and contraindications, the correct choice of the drug, its dosage and technique of manipulation. The use of this method can significantly reduce the time of industrial and/or household disability in this extensive category of patients.However, the doctor's ignorance or disregard of the mandatory conditions and requirements for performing this minor surgical manipulation can lead to undesirable, including severe, discrediting consequences of the valuable method. Postgraduate training of doctors helps to solve the problem of non-professional approach to the appointment and conduct of intra-articular and periarticular manipulations using GCS.

Current state of the labor system in healthcare

The publication presents an analysis of the modern regulatory framework for labor, shows controversial positions on each component of the labor rationing system in healthcare. The amount of normative time spent on visits to outpatient doctors, established by orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia, in the main medical specialties: doctors-therapists district, pediatricians district and general practitioners (family doctors), does not coincide with the data of the territorial program. Approved more than 20 years ago and currently in force standards for laboratory and instrumental examinations do not correspond to the modern equipment of medical organizations. The numbers of health workers providing primary health care to the population, established by the orders on Procedures and Regulations, for the majority of medical personnel have different meanings in the simultaneously valid regulatory documents for the provision of medical care to both adults and children. The planned and normative volume of work on outpatient care has not been reported since 2013, either in visits or in appeals about diseases. The planned and normative indicators for the amount of hospital care are characterized by sharp annual changes that are not justified either by the morbidity of the population or by the technologies of the medical process, do not correspond to the actual development of the bed stock and are not reflected by healthcare practice. Based on the analysis of time standards, norms of number and planned volume of work, the authors make a reasonable conclusion about serious problems in the system of labor rationing in healthcare. The authors identified the necessary measures for its restoration and revision of the entire labor regulatory framework, which are the need to include labor rationing issues in the program of diploma and postgraduate training of doctors in a healthcare organization; advanced training of developers of staff standards and specialists approving these documents; mandatory expert assessment of documents on labor standards prior to their approval by qualified specialists on labor standardization in health care.

The quality of post-graduate training of residents

Background: The introduction of Federal state standards of higher education has caused the need to study the quality and condition of specialists postgraduate training in the field of health. In 20172019 at St. Petersburg state pediatric medical university a study aimed at examining the satisfaction of residents with educational training at the faculty of postgraduate and additional professional education was hold, the results of which allowed to identify the problem areas of training in order to further adjust the content and organizational aspects of the quality of training of highly qualified specialists in the field of health protection of citizens of Russia.
 Aims: The estimation of the quality of postgraduate training of specialists in the field of health care based on the pedagogical reflection of their satisfaction with the process of training during the residency.
 Methods: The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire consisting of a number of questions stated in the form of appeals aimed at obtaining information illustrating the content, organizational, operational and personal resources of postgraduate education of residents. The respondents were asked to rank their responses according to their satisfaction with the quality of education on the scale that ranged from excellent to very poor. The object of the study was 125 graduates completed their professional training at the stage of postgraduate education in residency at various clinical departments. The duration of the study, including the preparation of analytical materials, the organization, and conduct of the survey, the subsequent analysis of the data, totally amounted to two years. The analysis of the survey results allowed to identify the targets of possible correction of informative, organizational, operational and personal aspects of postgraduate training of doctors.
 Results: The participants of the study were 125 respondents-resident physicians who completed the educational trajectory in various areas of professional training on the basis of clinical departments of pediatric medical university. It should be noted that the distribution of participants in the questionnaire by graduate clinical departments was characterized as uneven, due to the peculiarities of the plan of admission to the residency, social order from the health care institutions of Russia, and finally, individual educational needs and needs of students. The average age of residents is 26 years. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify informative, organizational and personal problem areas of training of residents. In particular, there were problems in the content of professional education, in the level of pedagogical skills of the teaching staff of clinical departments, in the development of professional competencies of residents, in the content of test tasks in certain specialties. Due to the factor analysis of the results, a semantic space was built that reflects the analysis of the satisfaction of graduates of Spbsmu with the quality of training at the stage of residency.
 Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, it was possible to identify the targets of correctional work, involving the improvement of organizational, informative, technological and personal resources of the educational program of postgraduate training of residents.

Writing, painting, creating: How can the arts augment psychiatry training?

The humanities have recently enjoyed a position in medical school curriculums, but once a graduated doctor, its importance and value appears to diminish in the eyes of the profession. Psychiatry, as the study of the human condition where one must identify the inner worlds of patients, lends itself to creative pursuits encompassing observation and communication. As a specialty, psychiatry continues to suffer stigmatised opinions within the medical profession and poor recruitment across many countries. Incorporating the humanities, including literature, music and art into the training of postgraduate doctors could remedy tired perspectives and busy working lives, as well as providing new and dynamic ways to learn about and connect with patients on a more profound level.

Cognitive-Behaviourism, Constructivism and Humanism in Paediatrics Specialty Training: From theory to practice.

The study of human learning is constantly changing and developing facilitated using learning theories like cognitive-behaviourism, constructivism and humanism which are the main guide for both academic and clinical training including paediatrics. Current advances in medical education in postgraduate medical training suggests that trainees, educational and clinical supervisors can hugely benefit from robust understanding of learning theory and its right application in clinical practice in outpatient clinics, inpatient ward rounds, clinical skills teaching and multidisciplinary meetings. Consultants and senior medical staff involved in teaching and training of postgraduate doctors in paediatrics can review these theories and their approaches to targeted learning goals to increase skill set to cope with present demand and to produces sound and skilled paediatricians. The aim of this narrative review is to provide paediatricians clinical and educational supervisors opportunities to be theoretically grounded in the dynamics of selected learning theories leveraging on their right application to achieve the learning goals of paediatric specialty training and inform excellent medical scholarship. The combination of these theories in the raising of next generation of paediatrician is a viable pathway in postgraduate medical training.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФАХІВЦІВ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ПЕРВИННОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ З ПИТАНЬ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ

Запровадження профілактичних програм у медицині є визначальним та пріорітетним напрямком, проте ефективність їх проведення залежить від рівня професійної компетентності медичного персоналу.Мета дослідження − узагальнити досвід розробки та впровадження інформаційних інструментів щодо доказової первинної та вторинної профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань у військовослужбовців для підготовки фахівців військової первинної медичної допомоги.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано бібліографічний, аналітичний та системний підходи.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У статті узагальнено основні питання розробки та впровадження інформаційного забезпечення для підвищення якості післядипломної підготовки фахівців військової первинної медичної допомоги з позицій сучасних вимог щодо первинної та вторинної профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань, а саме: навчальна програма тематичного удосконалення “Профілактика серцево-судинних захворювань у військовослужбовців на засадах доказової медицини” та основні розділи інформаційного довідника “Профілактика серцево-судинних захворювань у військовослужбовців”, розміщеного на веб-сайті Української військово-медичної академії.Висновки. Навчальна програма тематичного удосконалення “Профілактика серцево-судинних захворювань у військовослужбовців на засадах доказової медицини” та основні розділи інформаційного довідника “Профілактика серцево-судинних захворювань у військовослужбовців”, розміщеного на веб-сайті Української військово-медичної академії, розроблені з врахуванням положень доказової медицини, та їх впровадження необхідне для удосконалення післядипломної професійної підготовки лікарів та молодших спеціалістів із медичною освітою первинної медичної допомоги з метою підвищення якості їх профілактичної роботи.

Sleep and its disorders: is the problem neuropsychiatric or somatic?

In this article, we showed the results of an analysis of the scientific literature on sleep issues and its violations. Wedes cribed somno logical disorders according to existing classifications, etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of data generation disorders. We briefly described the algorithm for treating in somnia. We concluded that the data presented reflect the complexity of the problemofs leep disturbance and the import ance of doubtforboth psycho-neurological specialists and general practitioners. We expres sed the state ment that knowledge of somnologyis mandatory in the predegree and postgraduatet raining of doctors.

Paediatric crossword puzzle 29

240 ACROSS 1. A risk in paediatric dosing 5. The single infection that causes most number of deaths on this planet 7. A 4 week old baby born after 30 weeks of gestation has a Post ......... Age of 34 weeks 8. Gastrograffin helps in non-surgical correction of Meconium 12. First step in the Pathway to Health care is Care 14. Ascending limb of nephron is site of action of ....... diuretics 15. Excessive consumption of a vegetable that colours skin 18. Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide 19. A renowned international paediatric journal (abbrv) 21. Syndrome caused by accessory electrical conducting pathway between atria and ventricles 22. Cyanosis 23. Region that undertook postgraduate training of doctors in the UK 24. Important aspect of paediatric formulations DOWN 2. In autism earliest repetitive movements are often seen in 3. Primary aldosteronism was named after 4. Neurodevelopmental disorder with wringing of hands 6. Dimercaprol is an antidote for toxic metals including arsenic 8. Used for poorly responding Crohns Disease. 9. Anti-arrhythmic that crosses the placenta 10. Food that colours urine 11. Open neural defects are prevented by 12. Autistic features are usually not seen in first months 13. Common non-infective condition in infancy that benefits by use of erythromycin 16. Staple food that is deficient in the essential amino acid lysine 17. Naloxone is antidote for poisoning 20. Not necessarily a feature of hunger 21. A 5 day old should have at least five nappies

How do junior doctors spend their time in an Acute Medical Unit?

In the UK, postgraduate training for doctors has undergone significant changes over the past decade general practice, etc. During this period, hospital admission rates and bed occupancy have also increased.

Distance education and advanced level training of doctors on questions of infectious pathology

The aim: Introduction of advanced-level training cycles (ALTC) in the form of online mode distance education on actual questions of infectology and the evaluation of their effectiveness in the postgraduate training of doctors. Giving ALTC in the form of online mode distance education (full, partial) on the actual questions of infectology is based on phasing and systemity of ongoing project and should include five basic steps: defining the aim of the project and the participants of its implementation, delivering information resources and development of electronic versions of educational and resource materials, contractual process with the customer, Internet Service Provider and technical testing of telecommunication systems, the direct holding of distance cycle, expert evaluation of the quality of distance learning. Implementation of online mode distance learning assumes the use of modern information and telecommunication resources, interactive technologies, clear organizational and administrative decisions, professionalism of teachers, the interaction of all the participants in the educational process (including doctors pariticipants) and should be completed with the resulting expertise.

The early history of lay analysis, especially in Vienna, Berlin and London: Aspects of an unfolding controversy (1906‐24)

Before the First World War, it had been taken for granted that psychoanalysis was carried out by doctors. The IPA, however, also included non‐physicians. This corresponded to Freud's view that psychoanalysis was a basic science (psychology of the unconscious) with manifold fields of application in medicine as well as in the humanities. It was for the latter application that Freud specifically recruited a number of researchers, e.g. Rank. After 1918, helped by a general boom in psychotherapy, these people too began to work as therapists. This led to a debate about lay analysis within the ‘Secret Committee’ that has so far received little attention and is one focus of this paper. Abraham had only allowed doctors to become members of his group. Similarly the Berlin Policlinic was established as a place for the postgraduate training of doctors. On the other hand, Freud (together with Rank) continued to maintain his broader view of psychoanalysis. In 1920/21, he already wished that analysts would not become a subgroup within the medical profession, but a profession of their own, defined by their special training. The big problem of the late 1920s, that different attitudes to the lay question threatened the autonomy of local or national groups and the integration of the IPA, also became visible at that early time in a conflict between London (Jones) and Vienna/Berlin.

Human nutrition in medical practice: the training of doctors.

Nutritional advice from doctors and other health workers is held in high regard by the general public. It is important, therefore, to ensure that the advice given is sound and safe. Historically, the training in nutrition for the health professions has been piecemeal and selective. As a first step in the development of national standards, a core curiculum on nutrition for health professionals was developed as part of the National Nutrition Task Force. Designed for undergraduates, the curriculum sought to provide a standard for training which would ensure safe practice. The curriculum, which has been accepted by all undergraduate medical schools, identifies eighteen bullet points covering: the principles of nutritional science; public health nutrition; clinical nutrition and nutritional support. Postgraduate training for doctors is the responsibility of the Royal Colleges, who have formed an Intercollegiate Group on nutrition. This group has developed an intercollegiate foundation course in nutrition which lasts for I week and is offered at different centres around the country. Using the Intercollegiate Course as a base, individual Colleges are exploring how they might best develop the next level of training by identifying the educational needs for nutrition in different sub-specialities. There is some discussion as to whether it is timely to develop a defined clinical speciality in human nutrition. Within these developments, nutritionists and dietitians are identified as a resource to be called upon by other health professionals, and therefore it is important that in their own training they are suitably equipped to take on this challenge.