Post-game Analysis Research Articles

Environmental Sustainability at the Olympic Games: Comparing Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Games

The modern Olympic Games have evolved from events fostering international peace and goodwill to showcases of athleticism and commercialism. More recently sustainability became a pillar of the Game site selection process. This paper focuses on two Olympic Games: Rio 2016 (completed) and Tokyo 2020 (upcoming). The goals of Sustainability Plans and pre-game reports for the two Olympic sites are analyzed using weighted summation method of Multi-attribute Value theory and the framework of environmental, economic and social-cultural sustainability, with emphasis on environmental sustainability. Post-game analysis and legacy stories are reviewed for Rio 2016. Application of legacy stories to future Olympics sites is examined. Last, Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020, in terms of actual and anticipated success in sustainability initiatives, are compared for the impact these two Games may have on future Olympic Game sites.Keywords: Sustainability, environmental sustainability, Olympic Games, Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020

Computational Psychometrics for the Measurement of Collaborative Problem Solving Skills.

This paper describes a psychometrically-based approach to the measurement of collaborative problem solving skills, by mining and classifying behavioral data both in real-time and in post-game analyses. The data were collected from a sample of middle school children who interacted with a game-like, online simulation of collaborative problem solving tasks. In this simulation, a user is required to collaborate with a virtual agent to solve a series of tasks within a first-person maze environment. The tasks were developed following the psychometric principles of Evidence Centered Design (ECD) and are aligned with the Holistic Framework developed by ACT. The analyses presented in this paper are an application of an emerging discipline called computational psychometrics which is growing out of traditional psychometrics and incorporates techniques from educational data mining, machine learning and other computer/cognitive science fields. In the real-time analysis, our aim was to start with limited knowledge of skill mastery, and then demonstrate a form of continuous Bayesian evidence tracing that updates sub-skill level probabilities as new conversation flow event evidence is presented. This is performed using Bayes' rule and conversation item conditional probability tables. The items are polytomous and each response option has been tagged with a skill at a performance level. In our post-game analysis, our goal was to discover unique gameplay profiles by performing a cluster analysis of user's sub-skill performance scores based on their patterns of selected dialog responses.

Post-Game Analysis: Postoperative Video-Based Coaching for Residents

Hu, Yue-Yung MD, MPH*; Mazer, Laura MD; Yule, Steven J. PhD; Arriaga, Alexander F. MD; Greenberg, Caprice C. MD, FACS; Lipsitz, Stuart R.; Gawande, Atul A. MD, MPH, FACS; Smink, Douglas S. MD, MPH, FACS Author Information

Decision making and decision communications in elite rugby union referees: An inductive investigation

The application of law, combined with contextual judgment and communication have been shown to be essential skills of the elite sports official (Mascarenhas, Collins & Mortimer, 2005). Further, the behaviours that officials demonstrate to communicate decisions to sport participants have important implications for match outcomes and perceptions of fairness (Mellick et al., 2005; Simmons, 2010). The purpose of the present study was to explore the higher-order decision making and decision communication processes of three international rugby union referees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the routines, psychological strategies and processing skills they utilise to meet the decision making demands of the game. Interview data were analysed by means of thematic content analysis providing four core themes related to expert decision making processes and decision communications: corporate theatre, pre-game preparation and post-game analysis, refereeing philosophy and approach, and within-game psychological skills. The results of this investigation will provide practice-based information to inform training interventions as a pedagogic tool to assist pre-elite sport officials in developing higher-order understandings of decision making processes and communication patterns.

Postgame Analysis: Using Video-Based Coaching for Continuous Professional Development

The surgical learning curve persists for years after training, yet existing continuing medical education activities targeting this are limited. We describe a pilot study of a scalable video-based intervention, providing individualized feedback on intraoperative performance. Four complex operations performed by surgeons of varying experience--a chief resident accompanied by the operating senior surgeon, a surgeon with less than 10 years in practice, another with 20 to 30 years in practice, and a surgeon with more than 30 years of experience--were video recorded. Video playback formed the basis of 1-hour coaching sessions with a peer-judged surgical expert. These sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded. The sessions focused on operative technique--both technical aspects and decision-making. With increasing seniority, more discussion was devoted to the optimization of teaching and facilitation of the resident's technical performance. Coaching sessions with senior surgeons were peer-to-peer interactions, with each discussing his preferred approach. The coach alternated between directing the session (asking probing questions) and responding to specific questions brought by the surgeons, depending on learning style. At all experience levels, video review proved valuable in identifying episodes of failure to progress and troubleshooting alternative approaches. All agreed this tool is a powerful one. Inclusion of trainees seems most appropriate when coaching senior surgeons; it may restrict the dialogue of more junior attendings. Video-based coaching is an educational modality that targets intraoperative judgment, technique, and teaching. Surgeons of all levels found it highly instructive. This may provide a practical, much needed approach for continuous professional development.

One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball (review)

Reviewed by: One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball Lisa Doris Alexander Robert M. Goldman. One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008. 158 pp. Paper, $16.95. In 2009, the Veteran's Committee will decide whether Curt Flood should be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Flood's possible induction has made him a popular research subject: no less than five books have been written about Flood since 2006. Each has its own voice and unique take on Flood and his Supreme Court case. Robert Goldman provides the most recent study, and since this book is part of the University Press of Kansas's Landmark Law Cases and American Society series, it focuses less on Flood's biography and more on the legal aspects of his case. Chapter one provides a brief synopsis of the events leading up to Flood's lawsuit, including the rapidly deteriorated relationship between Gussie Busch and Flood; the trade from St. Louis to Philadelphia; and the early legal wrangling in federal court. The second chapter actually takes a step back and discusses Flood's life before baseball within the context of the Cardinals' integration attempts in the mid-1950s. For readers who are familiar with Flood's resume and baseball's racial history, the chapter sequence works well. However, readers who are unfamiliar with the subject matter could be confused because Goldman explains what Flood did before painting a picture of who Flood was. In the book's preface, Goldman argues that his book "attempts to explain [Flood's] case in both its legal and historical perspective and setting" (xiii). Chapter three brings the reader to Goldman's purpose by discussing the reserve clause, the National Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players' challenges, and the early legal battles that pitted players against management. This is where One Man Out distinguishes itself. Most books on Flood casually mention these previous court cases involving baseball and the reserve clause, if they are mentioned at all. Here, readers can sift through approximately eighty years of jurisprudence in forty pages. Goldman provides readers with background information on the Sherman Act as well as a discussion of the central questions and judgment summaries for relevant court cases, from 1890's [End Page 166] Metropolitan Exhibition Company v. Ward to 1919's Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League of Professional Baseball, et al. to 1953's Toolson v. New York Yankees. Chapter four continues the legal trajectory by discussing cases brought against the NFL and NBA which helped cement MLB's "special" anti-trust status and chronicling the beginnings of the Players Association. The remaining chapters dive into Curtis G. Flood v. Bowie Kuhn et al. Chapter five tackles the trial itself and offers a detailed consideration of Judge Irving Ben Cooper's interesting behavior. While discussing the appeals process in chapter six, Goldman highlights Flood's brief and ultimately unsuccessful return to baseball. Chapter seven walks readers step by step through the entire Supreme Court process. Once again, Goldman offers far more detail about the actual procedures involved in bringing Flood's case before the Court than previous works, including a summary of the submitted briefs from both sides, a brief discussion of the Justices and how they were appointed, and an account of the controversy regarding how Flood's attorney, Arthur Goldberg, himself a former member of the bench, should be addressed during oral arguments. After detailing the oral arguments phase of the process, Goldman presents an inside look into the deliberations based primarily on material from Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong's The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court (Avon Books, 1996). While the information may not give readers any peace of mind regarding the sanctity of the justice system, we learn that the final decision was "the result of several weeks of negotiation, switching sides, and implied 'vote-trading'" (114). Goldman finishes the chapter by outlining the majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions in Flood. The final chapter naturally is a "postgame analysis" of the Flood case. Why has this case endured in legal circles? What impact, if any, did this case have on the impending end of the...

Intelligent process mapping through systematic improvement of heuristics

In this paper, we present the design of a system for automatically learning and evaluating new heuristic methods that can be used to map a set of communicating processes on a network of computers. Our learning system is based on testing a population of competing heuristic methods within a fixed time constraint. We develop and analyze various resource scheduling strategies based on a statistical model that trades between the number of new heuristic methods considered and the amount of testing performed on each. We implement a prototype learning system (TEACHER 4.1) for learning new heuristic methods used in post-game analysis, a system that iteratively generates and refines mappings of a set of communicating processes on a network of computers. Our performance results show that a significant improvement can be obtained by a systematic exploration of the space of possible heuristic methods.

The post-game analysis framework-developing resource management strategies for concurrent systems

Research has been conducted to determine how distributed computations can be mapped to multiprocessors to minimize execution time. The approach described here, known as post-game analysis, incrementally changes the program partitioning in between program execution time in subsequent runs. Post-game analysis differs from conventional iterative refinement or controlled opportunistic perturbation in that no abstract program models or any single objective function are employed to determine the relative merits of two alternative mappings. Multiple optimization subgoals are formulated, based on actual timing data gathered during program execution. Heuristics, based on various optimization subgoals, are then applied to propose changes to the current mapping. Finally, a mapping generation process which prioritizes and resolves conflicting proposals is applied. Results obtained from simulations show that post-game analysis consistently out-performs random placement, load-balancing, and clustering algorithms by 15%. Few iterations are required for simulations involving more than 200 processes and 64 sites. A rule-based architecture enables incremental strategy refinement, thus making post-game analysis easily tailorable to programs written in many concurrent programming paradigms and multiprocessor architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

In the Waiting Room, and: The Kroger Apocalypse

body had to come, to take care ofJackie, know. She had to know what he had to to take care of him. Somebody had to know, for his tears—he was cryinghelp them both, to get them from here his tears would be her tears, too. Her to where they both had to go. Ray. No. dead friend was his friend, too. Their Not Ray. No clowning, no jokes, no being alone. It was time, time to call the post-game analysis. Nora. She would police and tell Nora. c^bé^D Two Poems by Parks Lanier IN THE WAITING ROOM The bronze serpents in ecstasy coupling Around the pharmacy's neon caduceus Are barely visible from where I sit; I see them dark against the gaudy light That advertises health at discount rates. This is the ritual ofsickness, the waiting. Considering the therapeutic value of old magazines, I know much reading will not make me well, But I persist in seeking relief, The creased and ragged journals charitably Offer recipes no one prepares, killing exercises, And marital advice like a farmer's almanac. My magazine is barely one year old, Its disasters already are forgotten, healed over; The victories trivial and boring—all this comes In medicinal retrospect. There are pictures Offamous people now six months buried; 63 Others, like me, are merely ill a week or two Or are pretending maladies, the surest way Ofbeing loved a little longer nonetheless. Thus we raise up brazen serpents in our wilderness, Guardians of the god Asclepius whom even Socrates Honored with his dying breath and tried to laugh. A true believer, I have learned the fatal syllogism; Therefore, I am mortal and regard the ancient ways. The snakes that lick the lights must hear my prayers. ?JmJmJmJmJ* THE KROGER APOCALYPSE In the bright cul de sac where dairy products take their ease, Where cheese, eggs, margarine, milk wait in cool comfort For resurrection, customers gather to make the weekly accounting, Without a list, ofDeath, Destruction, Desolation, and Disease. To reach my food I part their somber recitations, Interrupting for a moment thoughtful attitudes, poses Ofthose who know the price oflife on a changing market. I cannot guess what attracts them to this corner, unless mothlike They are compelled by the great light of the dairycase which casts Such delicious shadows behind them, or perhaps the egg cartons Stacked crisply coffinlike somehow suggest a suitability For their meditations on tough frailty and human wishes. The margarine and milk are neutral, and I like them Am cold and impervious while about me from every direction Hurl thunderous hoofbeats in echoes that sound my name. 64 ...