Post-war Unemployment Research Articles

At the Limits of Willing: Anticipatory Attunements and Mooded Backgrounds

ABSTRACT This article proceeds along three interlinked pathways of thinking about the ‘will.’ First, a phenomenological analysis of willing is explored that pays special attention to what Edmund Husserl termed the background of willing – namely, the always already present existential conditions within which particular experiences of willing unfold. Second, further reflection upon the background of willing is advanced to consider how experiences of willing relate to other ongoing forms of worldly attunement, such as those that are evidenced in moods. Third, three distinct examples of despair as a mooded background of willing are analysed. These examples range from Bourdieu’s description of postwar unemployment to Bukowski’s reflections on his early working life to an exploration of despair and the limits of willing on the island of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia.

The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute: Past, present and future

Compared internationally, the history of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) is unusual. Founded in 1944, at a time of utmost isolation, it was a response to specific needs of the government of Switzerland during the Second World War. In 1943, the Swiss Federal Council approached universities in Switzerland and asked them to submit project proposal that had the potential to mitigate possible post-war unemployment and threatening economic isolation. Members of the University of Basel proposed to establish a Swiss Tropical Institute (today: Swiss TPH). With its harbour at the River Rhine, Basel was an important international transport hub. The city was and still is the headquarters of important pharmaceutical companies, such as Novartis Pharma AG and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, which were looking for new markets overseas. Last but not least, scientific expeditions to Africa were rather common in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century for members of Basel's bourgeoisie. Initially, Swiss TPH focused primarily on basic research into diseases of poverty, but over the years it has developed into an important player in public, international and global health. This article sees the development of the institute as a reflection of the visions of its directors from the founder Professor Rudolf Geigy to Professor Jürg Utzinger, who is the current Swiss TPH director. It includes interviews with the four latest of them, discussing their experiences and attempts to adapt the institute to an ever changing global environment. From these lessons learnt we hope to gain insights that could be relevant for today's leaders of scientific institutes; foster public-private partnerships and contribute to solve some of the most pressing global health challenges.

Net Exports and the Avoidance of High Unemployment During Reconversion, 1945–1947

While economists predicted a return to double-digit unemployment rates during the reconversion from World War II, this outcome did not materialize. This article explores the role that the significant rise in net exports—which accounted for nearly 4 percent of GDP in 1946 and 1947—played in helping the United States avoid a postwar unemployment problem. Using an input-output analysis, we find that the export surplus directly accounted for 1.33 million jobs in 1946 and 1.97 million jobs in 1947. This accounts for close to half of the gains to private sector employment during these years.

An Agenda for Unemployment Research: A Challenge for Public Health

Unemployment figures are high worldwide, and this should be a challenge for both researchers and politicians. Public health research has a tradition of descriptive studies among the unemployed at the individual level and has to a limited extent been engaged in interventive and preventive trials to study the effect of different measures to counter unemployment. The article gives a brief review of the development of postwar unemployment research and proposes an agenda for unemployment research within public health for the coming years.

Censored latent effects autoregression, with an application to US unemployment

AbstractA model is proposed to describe observed asymmetries in postwar unemployment time series data. We assume that recession periods, when unemployment increases rapidly, correspond with unobserved positive shocks. The generating mechanism of these latent shocks is a censored regression model, where linear combinations of lagged explanatory variables lead to positive shocks, while otherwise shocks are equal to zero. We apply this censored latent effects autoregression to monthly US unemployment, where the positive shocks are found to be predictable using various leading indicators. The model fits the data well and its out‐of‐sample forecasts appear to improve on those from alternative models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Before and After the Fall: New Zealand Economists on the Post-war Unemployment Experience

What explanations did economists advance for New Zealand's remarkable experience of full employment between 1938 and 1980? What causes did they suggest for the breakdown and subsequent massive rise in unemployment? This paper categorises and critically surveys material on these questions as part of a wider project on New Zealand's post-war unemployment experience.

Post-war unemployment in the Netherlands

As in most European countries, incidence of unemployment in the Netherlands has developed jointly with increased attention for analysis and policies. This interaction is especially strong in the Netherlands due to the special role of institutions such as the Central Planning Bureau (CPB) and the Social-Economic Council (SER). The former has a role in policy preparation and formulation that is unmatched in any other country. The latter is a prime example of a corporatist institution whereby representatives of unions and employers’ organizations advise the government on all matters related to social and economic policy. Here we want to tell the story of unemployment and unemployment policies in the Netherlands since the second world war, covering almost the complete second half of the twentieth century. The story has several storylines. One line is the chronological line. We are basically going to walk through history by decade. At the sameti.Fe, woven into it and through it are other plot lines such as the rise and fall of-the Dutch welfare state; the ever present wage restraint policies; the ever changing views on labour market policies and the ever central role of the Central Planning Bureau’s economic analyses in policy discussions. In section 1 we present data on unemployment, drawing a landscape by numbers. In the following sections (2-6) we present the chronological history

Unemployment: macroeconomic performance and the labour market

Introduction to New Edition Preface to First Edition 1. Overview THE MICROFOUNDATIONS 2. Wage-Bargaining and Unions 3. Efficiency Wages 4. Wage Behaviour: the Evidence 5. Job Search: the Duration of Unemployment 6. Mismatch: the Structure of Unemployment 7. The Pricing and Employment Behaviour of Firms THE MACROECONOMIC OUTCOME 8. The Macroeconomics of Unemployment 9. Explaining Post-war Unemployment in OECD Countries POLICY IMPLICATIONS 10. Policies to Cut Unemployment Annexes Discussion Questions References

Unemployment: A Survey

This paper presents a survey of the economics of unemployment. It covers competitive and imperfect competition models, the role of different methods of wage determination, and explanation of postwar unemployment patterns in the OECD countries. Copyright 1990 by Royal Economic Society.

Post-War Unemployment in Britain: Some Basic Considerations

IN the post-war period, geographers have become increasingly concerned with problems of regional development. In particular, there has been much study of the policies for the location of industry adopted by successive Governments. These policies have been operated by the Board of Trade on Ministry of Labour evidence, and their effects on local and regional employment have proved a fruitful field of geographical research. They have involved consideration of industrial structures and of the types of industry that have moved to areas of labour surplus. It may well be that it is not in the long-term national interest to pursue a policy of full employment in each area of Britain and that, in some places, it is most appropriate to assist labour mobility. Nevertheless, the relief of unemployment has been the prime motivation for these policies and areal differences in unemployment rate have been the key to regional development in post-war Britain. However, regional figures mask considerable local variations and the existence of pockets of unemployment has been responsible for Government intervention in the location of industry to an increasing extent since the war, with various Acts to control and direct development and, more recently, with the publication of regional studies and the setting up of regional economic planning councils. Yet unemployment itself remains a subject largely neglected by geographers. It is a very complex phenomenon, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and unemployment rate is only one of its facets. Other aspects of unemployment, especially the economic characteristics of the unemployed, have an areal expression and must be considered in any study of local and regional problems of labour surplus. It is the purpose of this paper to outline, in the context of post-war Britain, some of the basic facets of the unemployment problem. After a consideration of unemployment in the general context of employment and employment policy, its character, causes and consequences are discussed. Frequent reference is made to conditions on Merseyside, but it must be stressed at the outset that the Merseyside area may well be atypical and that unemployment in other regions may be of a very different character. It is in the study of the character of unemployment in individual areas, and of its differences between them, that the geographer has an important, although little-played, role in the field of regional economic and social development. Areal differences in unemployment occur because regional or local economies have become out of step with current trends of economic growth, owing to dependence on forms of employment that no longer hold their place in the national economy because of changing demands for goods and services. In other words, the employment structure has become anachronistic. This concept of employment structure is most important, and some definition is necessary. It is taken here to be the product of the nature and extent of the demand for labour, created by productive and service activity, and the degree to which this demand is fulfilled. It is dynamic, subject to both longand short-term fluctuations, which inevitably cause some

Some Remedies for Post-War Unemployment

Some Remedies for Post-War Unemployment

POST‐WAR UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY IN NEW ZEALAND

Economic RecordVolume 9, Issue 1-2 p. 58-75 POST-WAR UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY IN NEW ZEALAND JAMES P. BELSHAW, JAMES P. BELSHAW Auckland University Colleges.Search for more papers by this author JAMES P. BELSHAW, JAMES P. BELSHAW Auckland University Colleges.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1934 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1934.tb02731.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume9, Issue1-2June 1934Pages 58-75 RelatedInformation

The Post-War Unemployment Problem and Recent Economic Changes in the United States

The Post-War Unemployment Problem and Recent Economic Changes in the United States Get access 41. The Post-War Unemployment Problem. By Henry Clay. 1929. (London: Macmillan. 8vo. x + 205 pp. 8s. 6d.)42. Recent Economic Changes in the United States. Report of the Committee on Recent Economic Changes of the President's Conference on Unemployment, including the reports of a special staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research. 2 vols. 1929. (New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Co. 8vo. xxxvi + 950 pp. 37s. 6d.) Jules Menken Jules Menken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 9, Issue 3, May 1930, Pages 398–400, https://doi.org/10.2307/3015083 Published: 01 May 1930