Postwar Poetry Research Articles

Beyond Double Identity, beyond Periphery: Chinese Ethnic Korean Poetry as Borderland Literature

Abstract In East Asia, Chinese ethnic Korean literature has drawn scholarly attention from Chinese, South Korean, and Japanese scholars. They mostly situate the literature within a “double identity” (ijung chŏngch’esŏng 이중정체성) that is both Korean and Chinese and examine how the literature sheds light on the relations and tensions between the two sides of the identity. This article explores the critical potential of the literature beyond the limits of a double identity and within a borderland milieu. The Yanbian Ethnic Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located along the northeast border of China and is adjacent to the Korean Peninsula, Russia, and Japan. Through a close reading of the early postwar poetry produced in the region by the representative Chinese ethnic Korean poet Ri Uk, the article examines how Chinese ethnic Korean literature may serve as a nexus of connection and negotiation among multiple cultures. Those who are familiar with the region know that these cultures have been deeply alienated from each other during multiple rounds of imperialization by regional and global powers. A close examination of the multilateral connection of a borderland ethnic literature with regional power holders offers insights into the ways cultures connect despite historical conflicts and ideological opposition.

Albanian Poetry Emerging from the Aftermath of the 1999 Kosovo War: Memory, Trauma, Revolt

This article explores the memory of war, trauma, and revolt in Albanian poetry emerging from the aftermath of the 1998–99 Kosovo War. It focuses on constructing Kosovo Albanian post-war poetry and asks about the avenues of literary representation of war. It examines the work of Xhevdet Bajraj, Arben Idrizi and Halil Matoshi, focusing on the subjects’ positions – exile and national victimhood in the case of Bajraj; critique of violence in the case of Idrizi; disillusion and trauma in the case of Matoshi. The article also finds that Kosovo's post-war literature stands in a broader framework of the literature from ex- Yugoslav republics, providing a geographical and cultural background to war poetry. The view and interpretation of the literary response to the Kosovo War aims to highlight poetry that keeps memory about the war alive, as well and explores the impact of war, to protest against violence and domination.

박재삼의 물구나무 - 『한국전후문제시집』과 『52인 시집』 에서의 박재삼 정동 연구

박재삼의 물구나무 - 『한국전후문제시집』과 『52인 시집』 에서의 박재삼 정동 연구

Communication and Violence in the Poetics of Terayama Shūji: From the Poetic to the Theatric

This article will focus on the theory of poetics Terayama Shūji develops in Postwar Poetry: The Absence of Ulysses (Sengoshi: yurishīzu no fuzai, 1965) and Language as Violence (Bōryoku toshite no gengo, 1970). Postwar Poetry, his first theoretical writings on prose poetry, can be said to be a book about the poetic communication and “discommunication”—a wasei-eigo coinage of Tsurumi Shunsuke’s that Terayama frequently invokes—that occurs in mass communication, stemming from the conflict with print (katsuji). In this book, Terayama develops not autonomous “monologue”, but a theory of the taiwa/dialogue of poetry. However, Language as Violence contains not only the taiwa (dialogue) of his early poetics but the problem of bōryoku (violence) in his later theatrical works and theory of theater, which becomes an important theme in his body of work. Comparing with Georges Sorel’s Réflexions sur la violence that he cited, I would like to examine the description of the book’s titualar violence. As I shed light on Terayama’s poetics and view of language, I will attempt to establish a connection with his plays and theory of theater.

“I think of Chaplin”: Poetry and the Tramp in Cold War America

AbstractThis essay explores how Charlie Chaplin’s tribulations under McCarthyism, which culminated in his exile from the US in 1952, occasioned a minor chorus of poetry on the American Left. Through case studies of Bob Kaufman, Edwin Rolfe, and Louis Zukofsky, this essay explores how radical poets from across different literary groupings were drawn to Chaplin in the Cold War’s early years out of personal and political solidarity, while also finding in him a figure through whom they could collectively register and resist the Left’s broader postwar decline. The article also sheds light on the much longer history of Chaplin’s connections with poetry and poets. It traces his relationship with socialist writers back to the 1910s and suggests how postwar poetry’s imaginative investment in Chaplin as a political figure has a deeper layer of significance, given that the filmmaker had for decades been influenced by his friendships with poets on the Left. The essay proposes that poetry’s unique potentiality as a form through which to oppose Chaplin’s struggles under McCarthyism is a consequence of poets having fostered his political consciousness in the first place.Reading [texts] . . . about Chaplin’s postwar political isolation comparatively and cumulatively, what emerges is a poetry whose shared references bespeak a form of fraught solidarity and whose full force resides in their being understood as a kind of communal response.

ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ΧΕΙΛΑΡΗΣ, Μεταπλάσεις του μύθου της Πηνελόπης στη νεοελληνική μεταπολεμική ποίηση

Transformations of the myth of Penelope in modern Greek post-war poetry The research of the mythical texts, i.e. the multiple versions and representations of the myth in the Modern Greek literature, constitutes one of the most interesting fields of research of both modern Greek and Comparative Literature. The interpretive study of the myth in the post-war generations and the investigation of its transformations during this period is still an open issue of Humanities. The mythological character of Penelope consists of a heroine, which has faced various transformations, both in modern Greek and western traditions, confirming the multiform core of the myth. This paper aims to focus on the thematic transformations of myth in modern Greek post-war poetry using the tools of the theory of literature and comparative philology. Admittedly, during the 19th and 20th centuries, the image of the faithful wife is dominant. However, in late rewritings, this image is generally changed; from the self-referential Penelope of Katerina Aggelaki-Rouk, the ironic Penelope of Vavouris to the contemporary Penelope of Manos Eleftheriou, this heroine is constantly transformed. Besides, it’s a commonplace that the historical and socio-political reality of that morally and ideologically crucial era played a decisive role for the multiple transformations of the myths and for determining the position of the female sex, which also justifies the different mythological reinterpretations. The myth either underlines the painful historical conditions or triggers the creation of a personal mythology. Finally, myth appears as a channel for returning to the ancient Greek cultural heritage or constitutes a personal testimony to the existential pain of the modern individual.

1960년대 일본 시인들과 래디컬리즘 속의 도시

The 1960s was a period of topical transition from post-war poetry to modern poetry in the 1950s. In a period of turbulence, most representatively the “Fight of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty,” poets who appeared in the 60s released their poetical energy actively through their choice and concentration of language. The atmosphere of the 60s, or the so-called “radical (radicalism),” can simply be perceived by the names of representative poetical magazines, such as『Bouso』,『X』, 『Kyouku』, and『Doramukan』. The prosody pursued by them comes down to the poetry of the linguistic subject from the existing subject of the poet. Specifically, poetry is naturally composed only of lingual media, and in this process, it pursues surreal techniques that travel across both the normal and abnormal through infinite growth in vocabulary, a sense of originality, and free association. This stands out in the poems related to the city. You can hardly find cities as daily living spaces for existing ordinary people; they are described as complex symbolic spaces where death and life-and despair and hope-intersect. For poets in the 1960s, cities were a great poetic subject and theme for their new rhetoric and “language experiments.”

1960년대 일본 시인들과 래디컬리즘 속의 도시

The 1960s was a period of topical transition from post-war poetry to modern poetry in the 1950s. In a period of turbulence, most representatively the “Fight of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty,” poets who appeared in the 60s released their poetical energy actively through their choice and concentration of language. The atmosphere of the 60s, or the so-called “radical (radicalism),” can simply be perceived by the names of representative poetical magazines, such as『Bouso』,『X』, 『Kyouku』, and『Doramukan』. The prosody pursued by them comes down to the poetry of the linguistic subject from the existing subject of the poet. Specifically, poetry is naturally composed only of lingual media, and in this process, it pursues surreal techniques that travel across both the normal and abnormal through infinite growth in vocabulary, a sense of originality, and free association. This stands out in the poems related to the city. You can hardly find cities as daily living spaces for existing ordinary people; they are described as complex symbolic spaces where death and life-and despair and hope-intersect. For poets in the 1960s, cities were a great poetic subject and theme for their new rhetoric and “language experiments.”

A Bakhtinian reconsideration of Joachim Ringelnatz's postwar poetry: Grotesque materialism instead of disinterested unresponsiveness

AbstractDespite being a popular classic of German humorous twentieth‐century literature, Joachim Ringelnatz's work has received little scholarly attention. The following study questions the widely accepted stereotypical views that led to the scholarly marginalization of his work—namely the belief that his grotesque, humorous poetry is trivial and non‐reactive to the pressing issues of its time. By demonstrating Ringelnatz’s inclination towards the Rabelaisian chronotope as a specific literary time‐space reconstructed by Mikhail Bakhtin in Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel, this paper argues that Ringelnatz’s humorous poetry is neither historically irrelevant nor socially non‐reactive, because his adaptation of the Rabelaisian method confronts the traumatizing situatedness within the “painful time” of postwar Germany. Relating to Rabelais, Ringelnatz not only processes, but also recontextualizes the collective experience of postwar trauma, offering a “corrective” in the form of a “generative” (contra‐annihilative), “bodily‐oriented” time.

Thick and Dazzling Darkness: Religious Poetry in a Secular AgeThe Art of Confession: The Performance of Self from Robert Lowell to Reality TV

Thick and Dazzling Darkness: Religious Poetry in a Secular AgeThe Art of Confession: The Performance of Self from Robert Lowell to Reality TV

Innovation and the Poetic Discourse: Reading Experimental Trends in Post-War American Poetry

This paper aims at analysing the rise of innovative and experimental poetics within the American poetic grounds and the factors that remain extremely influential in establishing an alternate poetic culture that emerged with the rise of modernism within poetic circles. With influential and significant American poetic voices like Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and innovative women poets like Gertrude Stein popularising the use of ‘experimental’ techniques within the processes of poetic construction, the American poetic culture witnessed the rapid growth of an alternate realm of poetic activity that particularly gained significant recognition in the post-war era. This paper attempts to present an overview of the various post-war poetic groupings that contributed to the establishment of an experimental tradition within contemporary American poetics.

Hypostases of Krzysztof Jaworski’s Poetry

The article contains a hermeneutic analysis of Krzysztof Jaworski’s poetry. Jaworski is not only an attentive observer of contemporary social reality, a master of retrospection and an internal monologue but first and foremost he is a poet notafraid to ask moral questions. Key words such as truth, self-knowledge, wisdom were used here to present the aesthetic and ethical stratification, to describe the leitmotivs of the interpreted texts and to indicate the significant place of Jaworski’s works in Polish postwar poetry.

СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ЛИРИКИ МУСТАЯ КАРИМА

The article analyses the evolution of Mustai Karim’s lyrics from early works created within the framework of socialist realism to late works filled with romanticism and philosophical deepness, shows the formation of poetic thinking. The images and symbols formed in the war period continue to develop in Karim’s post-war poetry and prose. Interrelation of his early and late ideological conceptions is revealed. The repeating theme of love and sensuality as a leitmotiv of his poetry, his own vision of inter-ethnic problems - these observations lead to the conclusion that the poet’s creative work acquired global cultural value.

『한국전후문제시집』과 박태진의 초기 시 세계 : 전후 현실인식과 새로운 시의 탐구

본고는 해방 이후부터 15년 간, 한국전쟁과 4.19 혁명, 그리고 5.16 군사쿠테타에 이르기까지 한국의 굵직한 현대사를 겪어나간 시인들의 현실인식과 새로운 시의 탐구를 보여주는 앤솔로지로서 『한국전후문제시집』의 문제성에 주목하며 그 안에 수록된 박태진의 평론과 작가노트, 그리고 그의 시편 중 일부를 바탕으로 박태진의 초기 시론과 그 미학적 반영으로서 그의 초기 시세계를 읽어보고자 하는 목적을 지닌다. 박태진은 이중언어 세대로서 한국어와 일본어를 동시에 습득한 세대인 동시에 해방과 함께 일본어를 버리고 영어와 불어를 통해 직접 세계전후문학을 감각하며 이를 전후 한국문학의 시단 안에서 구현하고자 했으며, 그가 지향하는 시적 세계의 모더니즘은, 김수영의 평을 인용하자면 육체와 생활 속에 자각되는 “현대성”을 바탕으로 하는 현실 속에서 부단히 자신을 인식하고 갱신하려는 정신에서 비롯되었다는 점에서 주목을 요한다.<BR> 본고에서는 이와 같이 『한국전후문제시집』에 대한 연구사를 검토함으로써 그 안에 수록된 작가들의 전후 현실인식과 새로운 시어의 탐구에 대한 고찰을 살펴보고, 그 중에서도 박태진의 초기 시론과 평론, 그리고 초기 시편의 일부를 중심으로 그가 자신의 시세계를 구축하고 변화해가는 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 본고는 박태진에 대한 연구사를 종합적으로 검토하며 이를 바탕으로 박태진의 초기 시가 현재의 문제를 현재의 스타일로 구축하고자 했으며, 민주주의 사회를 맞아 개인의 의식과 인생의 내면성에 대한 인식을 부단히 갱신하고자 하는 인식을 내포하고 있었음을 밝히고자 했다.

Glosa do orfeistów (na marginesie wiersza Rośliny Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego)

&lt;p&gt;Artykuł został poświęcony interpretacji wiersza Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego (1894–1969) pt. Rośliny z tomu Korzec maku (1951). Autor starał się ukazać inny sposób wykorzystania przez poetę mitu orfickiego niż te dotychczas omówione przez badaczy. W tym celu przeprowadził dokładną analizę utworu, w której uwzględnił budowę wiersza oraz konteksty biograficzne, historyczne i literackie. Rozważania potwierdziły, że wśród utworów Wierzyńskiego zawierających motywy orfickie Rośliny zajmują miejsce osobne, a przy tym odzwierciedlają ważne stadium rozwoju powojennej twórczości poetyckiej tego autora.&lt;/p&gt;

“Stones in the middle of the bay…”. Some aspects of Finnish post-war poetry in Finnish and Swedish languages

“Stones in the middle of the bay…”. Some aspects of Finnish post-war poetry in Finnish and Swedish languages

전봉건의 전쟁참여시와 전후시의 특성

전봉건의 전쟁참여시와 전후시의 특성

Post-War Poetry

The modernist poems “The Waste Land” (1922) and Paris (1919) both respond in oblique ways to the aftermath of the First World War, featuring prominent images of both death and societal decline as well as new growth and restoration. Through close readings which place these two texts within the post-war context and the poetic and literary responses of this period, I examine the ways in which T. S. Eliot and Hope Mirrlees combine emotional and societal responses to the First World War with wider conceptions of civilisation, myth, folklore and cultural history.

Image as Place and Immanence in Kim, Jong-Sam’s Postwar Poetry

Image as Place and Immanence in Kim, Jong-Sam’s Postwar Poetry

"Słowa nawracające" – somantyczność w poezji Jerzego Ficowskiego. Pisane pożydowskim oksymoronem

Words returning ‒ soma and semantics in the poetry of Jerzy Ficowski. Writing in post-Jewish oxymoron The work of Jerzy Ficowski, the author of Odczytanie popiołów, Ptak poza ptakiem, Amulety i definicje, raises the problem of postmemory and re-tale. This is self-contained intimate poetry that witnessed historic and aesthetic changes after the Holocaust. This problem, in soma-semantic context, is presented through the interpretation of selected poems, which combines an aspect of body and meaning. The essence of Jerzy Ficowski’s poems is bordeland language which is visible in the poems concerning the memory of the Jews and Roma. It is in these poems that Ficowski expands the semantic and social limits of ‘post-Jewish’ category by using various memory formulas such as transformation and repetition.Key words: post-war poetry; memory; post-memory; borderland language; Extermination; testimony; empathy;