Post-vaccination Reactions Research Articles

The Frequency and Severity of Post-vaccination Reactions after Vaccination against COVID-19 in Sudanese Health Workers in Khartoum Governmental Hospitals, 2021

Background COVID-19 has been ascribed to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations varying from asymptomatic, minor flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia and death. Vaccinations against COVID-19 are counted to be of great significance to prevent and control COVID-19. This study aims to verify the actual frequency of vaccine reactions after vaccination against COVID-19 and their severity. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021 in Three of Khartoum’s government hospitals. The study population included Sudanese health workers who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccinations. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results This study covered 200 participants, who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, of them, 129 (64.5%) were female, with a mean age of 33.13 ± 5.860 (mean ± SD) years. The male mean age was 35.59 ± 7.996 years. Pain is the most common local reaction that occurs in participants with 73.0%. Unusual fatigue, fever, and headache showed the most systemic post-vaccination reactions that occurred among participants, with percentages of 56.5%, 43.0%, and 34.5%, respectively. There is an insignificant association between having a previous COVID-19 infection and developing local and systemic post-vaccination reactions. Also, comorbidities appeared to have an insignificant association with developing local or systemic post-vaccination reactions. Systemic post-vaccination reactions showed a significant association with participants need for post-vaccination medical care. Conclusions The majority of Sudanese health workers received AstraZeneca Company COVID-19 and showed local and systemic post-vaccination reactions that did not need medical care in most of them. Results provide assurance about the high level of safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Impact of Comorbidities and Skin Diseases on Post-Vaccination Reactions: A Study on COVID-19 Vaccinations in Poland.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid and widespread vaccination efforts, which proved critical in reducing the severity and mortality of the virus. However, the interplay between vaccinations, pre-existing skin conditions, and other comorbidities still needs to be explored. This study investigated the occurrence and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with chronic skin diseases and comorbidities within a Central European cohort. Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted between May 2022 and February 2023, targeting students and employees of universities in Wrocław, Poland. A total of 513 respondents were analyzed, focusing on AEFIs following the first, second, and third doses of COVID-19 vaccines and the effects of COVID-19 on conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, rosacea, and various comorbidities. Results: COVID-19 vaccination effectively protected against severe disease across all doses. The analysis revealed no significant impact of either COVID-19 infection or vaccination on the course of selected skin diseases and comorbidities. The reporting of AEFIs to the Sanitary Inspection was notably low. The Moderna and Pfizer mRNA-based vaccines were associated with a higher reported number of AEFIs, particularly after the second and third doses, compared to AstraZeneca, which exhibited fewer adverse events after subsequent doses. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination is both safe and effective, even in patients with pre-existing skin conditions and comorbidities. Vaccine selection may benefit from considering individual health profiles, and better reporting of AEFIs is needed to enhance vaccine safety monitoring.

Analysis of Allergy and Hypersensitivity Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines According to the EudraVigilance Database.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented a new challenge in modern medicine: the development of vaccines was followed by massive population vaccinations. A few reports on post-vaccination allergic reactions have made patients and medical personnel uneasy as to COVID-19 vaccines' allergic potential. Most of the studies in this area to date have been small, and some that were based on global databases skipped most of the allergic diseases and concentrated only on anaphylaxis. We aimed to analyze the incidence of serious allergic reactions based on the EudraVigilance (EV) database, regardless of the reported symptoms and allergy mechanism. The total number of administrated vaccine doses was extracted on 5 October 2023 from Vaccine Tracker and included all administrations since vaccinations began in the European Economic Area (EEA). Data on serious allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines were extracted from the EudraVigilance database with the same time point. The code names of 147 allergic symptoms or diseases were used. The frequency of serious allergic reactions per 100,000 administered vaccine doses was 1.53 for Comirnaty, 2.16 for Spikevax, 88.6 for Vaxzevria, 2.11 for Janssen, 7.9 for Novavax, 13.3 for VidPrevtyn Beta, and 3.1 for Valneva. The most prevalent reported reactions were edema (0.46) and anaphylaxis (0.40). Only 6% of these reactions were delayed hypersensitivity-oriented. The overall frequency of potential serious allergic reactions to COVID-19 is very rare. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines seem to be safe for human use. The lowest frequency of allergic reaction was observed for Comirnaty and the highest for Vaxzevria.

Evaluation of the Development of Post-Vaccination Immunity against Selected Bacterial Diseases in Children of Post-Solid-Organ-Transplant Mothers.

Pregnancy after organ transplantation is considered high-risk and requires supervision in specialized centers. The impact of immunosuppression on the developing fetus is still the subject of research. It has been shown that it affects lymphocyte populations in the first year of life. For this reason, researchers suggest postponing mandatory infant vaccinations. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of intrauterine exposure of the fetus to immunosuppression on the immunogenicity of protective vaccinations against selected bacterial pathogens. The ELISA method was used to determine the concentration of post-vaccination IgG antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, tuberculosis, H. influenzae type B, and S. pneumoniae in 18 children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation. The results were compared with the control group (n = 21). A comparison of the incidence of adverse post-vaccination reactions between the analyzed groups was also performed. There were no statistically significant differences in the immunogenicity of the analyzed vaccines between children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation and the age-matched general pediatric population. There were no differences in the incidence of adverse post-vaccination reactions between the analyzed groups. The obtained results do not indicate the need to modify the current protective vaccination schemes against bacterial pathogens in children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation.

Preventive Efficacy, Safety, Immunogenic Activity, and Evaluation of Post-Vaccination Responses Following Immunization with Combined Trivalent Vaccine Vaktrivir (Measles-Rubella-Parotitis) in Premature Infants

Background. Registration of combined trivalent vaccine Vaktrivir (measles-rubella-parotitis) in Russia necessitates studies on its preventive efficacy, safety, immunogenic activity, and post-vaccination responses following the immunization of premature infants. Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate efficacy, safety, and immunogenic activity of combined trivalent vaccine (measles-rubella-parotitis) and level of post-vaccination responses following the immunization of premature infants. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and postvaccinal responses after immunization of premature infants with combined within prospective comparative clinical observation. Results. Administration of the combined trivalent vaccine Vaktrivir (measles-rubella-parotitis) in premature infants has shown: no cases of measles, rubella or parotitis among vaccinated persons within prospective clinical observation for 2 years; no disturbances in parameters of clinical blood analysis, biochemical blood count, total IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG (immunogram), or urine analysis among vaccinated children over time; no subjective perceptions, adverse events signs at physical examination among vaccinated compared to baseline parameters; low post-vaccination reactions (6.7%) and similar tolerance of trivalent vaccine Vaktrivir among full-term infants (3.3%) (p = 0.301). Conclusion. Administration of the combined trivalent vaccine Vaktrivir (measles-rubella-parotitis) in premature infants has demonstrated high safety profile and immunogenic properties for measles, rubella and parotitis components, good tolerability, and low post-vaccination responses after immunization, comparable to vaccination of full-term infants.

Post-vaccinal reactions following vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine after first and second dose

Among the countries in the European Union, Bulgaria reports the lowest immunization coverage. Gathering reliable information on the level of post-vaccine adverse events and making it publicly available might increase public confidence in vaccines and immunization strategies. The aim of our study is to analyze and summarize post-vaccination reactions among 100 pre-hospital care patients after the administration of the first and second doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The reported adverse reactions found by us with both mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines were mild and self-limiting, similar to the results reported by many other authors in different parts of the world. We hope that attitudes regarding vaccinations will change in favor of vaccines, precisely through the analysis of the results of post-vaccination side effects, proof of their harmlessness. Regarding vaccinations will change in favor of vaccines, precisely through the analysis of the results of post-vaccination side effects, proof of their harmlessness.

Перебіг поствакцинального періоду після застосування комбінованих вакцин різних виробників протягом одного вакцинального циклу

Purpose - to evaluate the postvaccination period when using 6-valent vaccines against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b from different manufacturers within the same vaccine cycle. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a private health care facility that provides outpatient admission, management, monitoring, and vaccination of children and adults. For the period from January 2020 to October 2023, we analyzed the records in the preventive vaccination registers, which were recorded the next day during routine monitoring of the child's condition after immunization. For the analysis, 343 children were selected and divided into 5 groups depending on the combination of doses of different hexavalent vaccines during the vaccine cycle (3 doses at 28-day intervals) and the first revaccination (one dose at 12-month intervals from the third dose). Results. In all groups of subjects, most children had no complaints during the postvaccination period. The combination of 6-valent vaccines from different manufacturers was not accompanied by an increase in postvaccination reactions, on the contrary, a tendency to their decrease was noted. Some differences were observed when comparing post-vaccination reactions when using all 4 doses of the 3-component pertussis vaccine and the 2-component pertussis vaccine. Thus, vaccination with a 3-component pertussis component, in 32% was accompanied by a fever up to 38.5C, and in only 15.38% in vaccine with a 2-component pertussis component, differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions. In heterologous immunization against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b with vaccines from different manufacturers with a 2- and 3-component pertussis component, the spectrum and percentage of post-vaccination reactions practically do not differ. Thus, the use of combinations of doses of different 6-valent vaccines is justified, which is especially relevant in the conditions of interruptions in the supply of vaccines and vaccination of children in various medical institutions during migration in war conditions, when there is a risk of delay in the introduction of the next dose of the vaccine and violation of the intervals between vaccinations. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Real-world data of China: Analysis of HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reaction monitoring in Western Chinese provinces from 2018 to 2021

ABSTRACT To investigate the HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reactions in Gansu Province, Western China, from 2018 to 2021. Data on suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccines were collected from the Chinese Vaccine Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI). Estimate the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction. HPV vaccine coverage among females in different age groups was calculated using data from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Information Platform. The first-dose HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 45 was 2.02%, with the lowest rate of less than 1% observed in females aged 9 to 14. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction reported in females after HPV vaccination were 11.82 and 0.39 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Common Adverse Reaction included fever (5.52 per 100,000 doses), local redness and swelling (3.33 per 100,000 doses), fatigue (3.15 per 100,000 doses), headache (2.76 per 100,000 doses), as well as local induration and nausea/vomiting (1.97 per 100,000 doses). Adverse reactions mainly occurred within 1 day after vaccination, followed by 1 to 3 days after vaccination. The HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 14 in Gansu Province is remarkably low, and there is an urgent need to enhance vaccine coverage. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence of Adverse reaction Following Immunization HPV vaccination fell within the expected range, indicating the vaccine’s safety profile.

On the issue of the safety of domestic vaccines against new coronavirus infection in medical workers

A necessary condition for combating the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was the mass immunization of the population. Since any immunobiological drug can lead to the development of adverse reactions of the human body, it is necessary to characterize adverse events in the post-vaccination period. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of registration of post-vaccination reactions in medical personnel of multidisciplinary hospitals when using vaccines against COVID-19, approved for use in the Russian Federation. An anonymous questionnaire was developed, using which 2,989 medical workers from Moscow, Moscow, Tula, Vladimir, and Kaluga regions were interviewed between December 2021 and February 2022. It was found that the overwhelming majority of medical professionals rated the tolerability of vaccines against COVID-19 as good and satisfactory. No serious adverse effects of immunization have been identified. There were short-term post-vaccination reactions, manifested in an increase in body temperature, headache, general weakness, myalgia and arthralgia, as well as fever, pain, swelling, itching at the injection site. In more than 82 % of cases, the above reactions developed within the first three days after vaccination. When comparing the results of a retrospective one-stage cross-sectional online study (n = 6032) with the data we obtained, a comparable frequency of post-vaccination reactions was revealed. Thus, the study established good tolerability and low frequency of post-vaccination reactions during immunization against COVID-19.

The Community Pharmacy as a Study Center for the Epidemiological Analysis of the Population Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: Evaluation of Vaccine Safety and Pharmaceutical Service.

We conducted a monocentric observational study aimed at evaluating the vaccine safety and the pharmaceutical service provided at a community pharmacy (C.PHARM) in the Puglia Region in the period from 29 December 2021 to 12 March 2022 using data from 550 patients of various ages and sexes and with concomitant diseases. We collected anamnestic data, the number of hospitalizations, and any post-vaccination adverse reactions. Interviews using the integrated EQ5 method were also performed to evaluate the quality of the service offered and any therapy preference. As expected, the vaccines were reactogenic after the first dose in the patients with mild-moderate reactions, with younger age and female gender as risk factors. Immune-allergic reactions of a moderate-severe degree were observed in adult females. In the elderly, the vaccination was well tolerated. Comirnaty® showed a favorable O.R. < 1 vs. other vaccines. No cardiovascular events or hospitalizations were observed up to May 2023. Regional data indicate that all treatments during May 2023 were correlated with the viremia. PaxlovidTM was prescribed in 3% of the patients in our center and in 1.46% in the region, and distributed/dispensed on behalf of third parties in accordance with a novel distribution/dispensation protocol of the C.PHARM that resulted in a safe vaccination center providing appropriate patient inclusion during vaccination.

Experience with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis

Pneumococcus plays a primary role as a causative agent of pneumonia both in the general population and in patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IVRS), including spondylarthritis (SpA). However, data on the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of pneumococcal vaccines in patients with SpA are limited.The aim of the study. To study the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), observed at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute (Moscow, Russia).Materials and methods. 145 people were included in the study: 51 patients with AS, 25 with PsA, 69 in control group (СG) without IVR. The majority of patients (65.8%) received immunosuppressive therapy. PPV-23 was administered in an amount of one dose (0.5 ml) subcutaneously against the background of antirheumatic therapy, regardless of the activity of the main IVR. The level of antibodies (AT) to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was determined using the EIA PCP IgG kit (TestLine Clinical Diagnostics, Czech Republic) before vaccination and 1, 3 and 12 months after it. The clinical efficacy and safety of PPV-23 were also evaluated, including the effect on the activity of AS and PsA according to the dynamics of BASDAI and DAPSA indices.Results. After 1, 3 and 12 months after vaccination, the concentration of pneumococcal AT was significantly higher compared to baseline values, which indicates sufficient immunogenicity of PPV-23. The clinical efficacy of PPV-23 in patients with AS and PsA was 98.7%. In general, there was no negative effect of vaccination on the activity of the underlying disease. The frequency of postvaccinal reactions in patients and in СG was comparable.Conclusions. The obtained results of the study indicate sufficient immunogenicity, clinical efficacy and safety of PPV-23 in patients with AS and Ps A.

Reported side-effects following Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in the north-west province, Iran: A cross-sectional study.

While the vaccination was introduced as a promising tool to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns about vaccine-related side effects had grown. Due to the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide for the first time, it was necessary to evaluate the safety and potential side effects in recipients. This study aims to assess, the incidence of adverse effects following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and identify their related factors. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 453 volunteers participated, including 235 men and 218 women. The reported adverse reactions from recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine were collected by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse reactions, such as neurological, systematic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and local symptoms were significantly higher after the first dose compared to the second dose. Systematic symptoms were the most prevalent reported side effects after the first and second dose injection. The demographical study of participants showed that individuals aged 18-34 and females were more prone to present adverse events following vaccination. However, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of side effects and the recipients' body mass index. Despite the life-saving role of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it may have some adverse reactions in recipients. The severity and frequency of side effects were different. So, they were dependent on several factors, including gender and age. Altogether, post-vaccination adverse reactions were mild and tolerable.

COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND WITHOUT CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY: RESULTS OF THE INTERNET SURVEY

Highlights According to the results of an online survey, the prevalence of COVID-19 is not associated with cardiovascular pathology, however, respondents in the group with cardiovascular diseases suffer significantly more often and more severely. Cardiovascular diseases have no impact on the level of vaccination and the incidence of post-vaccination reactions. AbstractAim. To study the prevalence of COVID-19 and the clinical features of the disease among Internet users with and without cardiovascular pathology.Methods. An anonymous online survey was conducted among users of various social networks using a questionnaire created with the help of the SurveyMonkey platform. The survey was conducted in December 2021 – January 2022, it lasted 1 month and included 23 questions regarding the clinical and demographic characteristics of respondents, the presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the incidence of COVID-19, the features of clinical manifestations of the disease, the severity of the course among respondents with and without cardiovascular pathology, the need for medical care, vaccinations.Results. 752 respondents took part in the survey: 627 participants without cardiovascular pathology and 125 with CVD. More than 50.0% (51.5 vs 62.4%) of the two groups surveyed had COVID-19 (p = 0.2). 42.5% of participants without CVD and 50.7% of people with CVD had COVID-19 in the period from September 2020 to April 2021 (2nd wave in Russia). Among the groups with and without CVD, 79.2% of individuals had coronavirus infection confirmed by any of the diagnostic methods: polymerase chain reaction (48.8% vs 50.0%), radiography (2.4% vs 2.9%), the presence of antibodies to IgG/IgM (15.1% vs 15.7%), contact with an infected person (9.8% vs 2.9%), p = 0.09. Most often, patients without CVD noted: fever, impaired sense of smell and taste, whereas participants with CVD noted: weakness, cough, shortness of breath, anxiety, depression, blood pressure destabilization. The lung lesion volume in respondents without CVD in 37.8% of cases was less than 25%, and in 43.2% of people with CVD – 25–50% (p = 0.03). Most of the patients in both groups (52.6% vs 40.6%) sought medical help at the polyclinic, the rest (39.1% vs 37.7%) resorted to self-medication. More than 65.0% of the surveyed of both groups were vaccinated against COVID-19, and more than 35.0% of them reported adverse events.Conclusion. In respondents without CVD, the disease was more often of mild severity, and in people with CVD – of moderate severity. In participants with CVD, the lung lesion volume was more often 25–50%. All respondents noted both the complete disappearance of clinical manifestations of the disease immediately after recovery, and the long-term persistence of symptoms (up to a year). More than 35.0% of respondents preferred to self-medicate. Patients with CVD were more often hospitalized due to the severity of the disease. More than 65.0% of the survey participants of the two groups were vaccinated, and about 35.0% of them reported side effects.

Sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination adverse reactions, decision regret, and WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in Taizhou, China

This study investigated sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination adverse reactions, decision regret, and willingness to pay (WTP) for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. This research carried out an online cross-sectional investigation among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Taizhou, China. In total, 1,054 respondents (165 males and 889 females) have received two-dose COVID-19 vaccination. We performed descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and mediation analysis on the exported data. In this study, 67 (40.6%) males and 429 (48.3%) females had WTP for the booster dose. Our study presented that decision regret mediated the effect of adverse reactions after vaccination on WTP for the booster dose in both male and female groups. In males, decision regret played a completely mediating role, while in females, it acted as a partial mediator. Sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination side effects, decision regret, and WTP for the third dose were demonstrated in a sample of healthcare workers.

Review of a Series of Surveys on Adverse Reactions to the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Vaccine at Okayama University.

This paper presents the results of a series of surveys conducted from July 2021 to March 2023 to investigate the post-vaccination adverse reactions to the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine among faculty, staff, and students at Okayama University. These studies complement the official surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and provide a more representative picture of adverse reactions in the general population including large numbers of healthy young people. Pain, swelling, redness at the injection site, fever, headache, and malaise were the main adverse reactions reported. The proportion of adverse reactions was generally higher after the second vaccination and decreased with each additional vaccination. No statistically significant differences in the adverse reactions were found for males and females and those with/without a history of allergy, but a lower proportion of fever was observed in older participants and those with underlying medical conditions. We also evaluated the association between adverse reactions and antibody titers after the third vaccination and found no significant differences in antibody levels one month after vaccination. This series of studies highlights the importance of conducting surveys in diverse populations to provide a more representative picture of post-vaccination adverse reactions during a pandemic.

Evaluating clinical effectiveness and safety of pneumococcal immunization of infants

According to WHO, pneumococcal infection (PI) is considered one of the most dangerous of all vaccine-preventable diseases and, before vaccination, led to the death of up to 1.6 million people per year, of which from 0.7 to 1 million were children. In the prevention of PI, specific prevention occupies a special place. For the first time in 2014, vaccination against PI with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. International practice of using pneumococcal vaccine has shown that timely vaccination can produce positive results in the fight against PI. Under observation were 55 children who were vaccinated against PI with the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed), 13 valent according to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that post-vaccination complications after vaccination did not occur in any child. General post-vaccination reactions were observed in the form of a short-term increase in temperature, loss of appetite and sleep disturbances, as well as local reactions in the form of edema, hyperemia, and hardening at the site of vaccine administration. We studied the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute otitis media and acute respiratory infections among 55 children of the first year of life vaccinated at 2 months and 4.5 months (main group) and 50 children for various reasons not vaccinated against PI (comparison group). A study of the long-term results of 2-fold vaccination in the first year of life and revaccination at 15 months against PV based on observation of children for two years showed that children of the main group, compared with the comparison group, were 3.3 times less likely to suffer from PV, 2.7 times acute otitis and 1.7 times acute respiratory infections, p &lt; 0.05. The data obtained show the high efficiency and safety of vaccinating children against PI with the pneumococcal vaccine.

Evaluation of the Organisation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Process by the Teachers in a Region of Poland.

The aim of this study was to assess the organisational process of vaccination within the National Vaccination Programme against COVID-19 (NVP) in the professional group of teachers in Pomeranian Province, Poland. The main goal of the survey was to assess the quality of planning and executing of the NVP and to find a correlation between social and employment placements with the level of perception of chosen quality indicators of the NVP. The presented cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4622 teachers from all levels of education in public and non-public institutions who received the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination campaign with the vaccine from AstraZeneca as part of the NVP. The survey was conducted using an original, self-designed questionnaire prepared for this study and distributed to teachers in the form of an online survey via email. Bayesian logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the relationship between predictors and dependent variables. Age was the main factor associated with the performance assessment of the vaccination centre (log[BF] = 0.86-16.88), while gender was the main factor associated with the assessment of NVP (log[BF] = 3.15-10,6). The evaluation of the vaccination registration process (log[BF] = -7.01-50.26) and the evaluation of the information received on the management of post-vaccination reactions (log[BF] = -2.22-65.26) were significant parts of the NVP. It is crucial to tailor information messages to the age and gender of the recipients and to ensure the quality of the information provided by medical personnel, in particular the possible occurrence of vaccination reactions and how to deal with them.

Gastrointestinal reflux contributes to laryngopharyngeal symptoms that mimic anaphylaxis: COVID-19 vaccination experience

The sensation of throat closure after vaccination is concerning for anaphylaxis and leads to vaccine hesitancy. We characterized patients who developed laryngopharyngeal symptoms (LPhS) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and assessed risk factors for these symptoms. The study analyzed data from the COVID-19 vaccines adverse reactions registry (December 14, 2020, to June 13, 2022). Outcomes included the incidence of postvaccination LPhS and use of epinephrine. We identified and compared risk factors for COVID-19 postvaccination reactions between subjects with and without LPhS. A total of 158 subjects were enrolled onto the registry. LPhS were reported in 61 subjects (38.6%), of whom 52 (85.2%) received a subsequent dose. With initial vaccination, the use of epinephrine was higher in subjects with LPhS (20%) compared to those without (6%; P= .0094). Fifty-two subjects (85.2%) with LPhS received a subsequent COVID-19 vaccine dose with milder or no symptoms, and none needed treatment with epinephrine. Those with LPhS were more likely to have a history of drug allergies (P= .02), severe medication allergies (P= .03), gastroesophageal reflux disease (P= .018), and need for antireflux medications (P= .0085) compared to controls. In our registry, postvaccination LPhS were common. LPhS can mimic anaphylaxis and lead to more frequent use of epinephrine. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was more frequent in these subjects. Patients with subjective throat closure sensation can safely receive subsequent vaccine doses with close observation and reassurance. LPhS are not unique to COVID-19 vaccines. Patient and provider education regarding the role of gastroesophageal reflux disease as a risk factor for LPhS with vaccination can improve vaccine uptake.

Evaluation of parents’ knowledge of mandatory and recommended vaccinations for children in the city of Zielona Góra, taking into account medical and non-medical professions

All children born and temporarily residing in Poland are required to be vaccinated. Parents have a choice between free vaccines, which are funded by the state budget, and recommended multivalent vaccines for which they have to pay. The number of parents who refuse to have their children vaccinated remains relatively low. Unfortunately, the percentage of unvaccinated children increases every year, despite the best efforts of healthcare professionals and comprehensive public health education. It can be assumed that the reason for the increasing number of refusals to vaccinate children is the lack of knowledge of vaccination demonstrated by their parents and guardians. The study was conducted in 2022 using a proprietary, anonymous survey of 138 parents who had their children vaccinated. Keywords: knowledge, vaccination, medical staff, adverse post-vaccination reaction.

Pityriasis following COVID-19 vaccinations: a systematic review.

In the wake of a global COVID-19 pandemic, where innovations in vaccination technology and the speed of development and distribution have been unprecedented, a wide variety of post-vaccination cutaneous reactions have surfaced. However, there has not been a systematic review that investigates pityriasis eruptions and the associated variants following COVID-19 inoculations. A PubMed search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was performed to find case reports from the earliest record through November 2022. Data including types of vaccination and pityriasis were extracted and a quality review was performed; 47 reports with 94 patients were found: 64.9% had pityriasis rosea (PR), 3.2% PR-like eruptions, 16.0% pityriasis rubra pilaris, 7.4% pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, 3.2% pityriasis lichenoides chronica, and 5.3% had reactions described as atypical. The top three COVID-19 vaccinations reported were Pfizer-BioNTech (47.9%), Oxford-AstraZeneca (11.7%), and Moderna (8.5%). Pityriasis reactivity was reported most frequently after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination, with pityriasis rosea being the most common variant. A large difference was additionally found between the ratio of post-vaccination pityriasis reactions following Pfizer and Moderna vaccinations (5.63), and the ratio of Pfizer's usage in the United States as of December 28, 2022 relative to that of Moderna (1.59). Further studies with adequate follow-up periods and diagnostic testing will thus need to be performed to elucidate the root of this discrepancy and better characterize the association between different pityriasis reactions and COVID-19 vaccinations.