Post-traumatic Disorder Syndrome Research Articles

Peran Perawat Dengan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Keluarga Pasien Kritis Di ICU

Introduction: The presence of critical patients being treated in intensive care can hurt on the physical and psychological condition of their families, including lack of attention to personal hygiene, insomnia, decreased appetite, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD). This negative impact can be minimized through the role of nurses by meeting the family's needs while the patient is being treated in the intensive care room. Objective: This research aims to determine the description of meeting the needs of families of critical patients by nurses in the ICU at Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital, Salatiga. Method: The design of this research is descriptive with a survey approach using a questionnaire developed from the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI). The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 30 nurses as respondents. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate. Results: Research shows that the majority of respondents, 60% or 18 nurses, have a good role. On average, the categories for fulfilling the needs of the patient's family carried out by nurses were the same, namely the good and bad categories for 15 respondents or 50%. Bivariate analysis results p value = 0.000 (< 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the role of nurses and meeting the needs of the families of patients treated in the ICU.

Pengaruh Hiv yang Mengalami UTI, HIP Dislocation, Sciatic Nerve Pain, Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Disertai Ptsd


 
 
 
 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system making the body susceptible to various diseases, such as TB, TORCH and others. Knowing the effect of the incidence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which has CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder) in Commercial Sex Workers. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA, this method is carried out systematically by following the correct research steps or protocols. Sources were taken from the PubMed site and the Google Scholar site with journals published in 2017-2022 and then screening was carried out to obtain 20,486 results. Journal clustering was carried out and the number of Scopus Q1 indexed journals was 1 journal, 2 journals Q2, 1 journal indexed Sinta S1, so that 4 journals were extracted. The majority of journals discuss age related to the influence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) events which experience CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome) Disorder) in commercial sex workers.
 
 
 

Cognitive Behavior Therapy by Nurses in Reducing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Children as Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review.

Violence against children can cause psychological problems such as post-traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD). The negative impact of violence on children is psychological and physical problems and risk of suicide. Nurses have a role to provide comprehensive nursing care such as cognitive behavior therapy for reducing PTSD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the methods of cognitive behavior therapy to reduce symptoms of PTSD in children who are victims of violence. This study used the scoping review method. The databases use for the literature review in this study were CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords used in English were "cognitive behavioral therapy OR CBT" AND "violence OR abuse" AND "post-traumatic stress disorder OR PTSD" AND "child OR children". The inclusion criteria were full text, randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, English language, the sample was children, and the publication period was for the last 10 years (2013-2022). We found 10 articles discussing CBT intervention on children who experienced victim abuse to reduce symptoms of PTSD. Most of the articles in this study used randomized control trial design. Several samples in this study are from the USA. The total sample was 47-320 respondents. This study showed three methods of CBT, namely psychoeducation, self-management, and coping strategies. CBT interventions can be carried out face-to-face or online. The activities carried out by the participants were relaxing, participating in training, counseling, problem-solving discussions, and therapy to improve sleep quality. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an intervention that can be carried out to reduce the traumatic impact on child victims of violence by taking into account the characteristics and development of the children.

A review for the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin in the nervous system.

Paeoniflorin, a terpenoid glycoside compound extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, shows preventive and therapeutic effects in various types of nervous system disorders. However, to date, no comprehensive knowledge on the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin on the nervous system is available online. Clarification of this issue may be useful for the development of paeoniflorin as a new drug for the treatment of nervous system disorders. To this end, the authors summarize the pharmacological aspects of paeoniflorin and its possible mechanisms, such as restoration of mitochondrial function; inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis; activation of adenosine A1 receptor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2); or enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin function, in the prevention of disorders such as cerebral ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, post-traumatic syndrome disorder, and epilepsy, by reviewing the previously published literature.

Serotonin modulation of hippocampal functions: From anatomy to neurotherapeutics.

The hippocampal region receives a dense serotoninergic innervation originating from both medial and dorsal raphe nuclei. This innervation regulates hippocampal activity through the activation of distinct receptor families that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, terminals of several afferent neurotransmitter systems, and glial cells. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that hippocampal dysfunctions are involved in learning and memory deficits, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder, whereas the hippocampus participates also in the therapeutic mechanisms of numerous medicines. Not surprisingly, several drugs acting via 5-HT mechanisms are efficacious to some extent in some diseases and the link between 5-HT and the hippocampus although clear remains difficult to untangle. For this reason, we review reported data concerning the distribution and the functional roles of the 5-HT receptors in the hippocampal region in health and disease. The impact of the 5-HT systems on the hippocampal function is such that the research of new 5-HT mechanisms and drugs is still very active. It concerns notably drugs acting at the 5-HT1A,2A,2C,4,6 receptor subtypes, in addition to the already existing drugs including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Finnish translation and external validation of the Trauma Quality of Life questionnaire

Background and aims Major trauma impairs health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was the Finnish translation and external validation of the Trauma Quality of Life (TQoL) questionnaire. Patients and methods The Finnish version of the TQoL questionnaire and the 15D, a generic HRQoL questionnaire, were sent by mail to 417 patients identified from the Helsinki Trauma Registry. Results Altogether 222 patients (53.2%) returned the questionnaires. Participants’ mean age was 49.9 ± 18.1 years and 68.8% were males. The mean 15D score was significantly lower than that of the age- and sex-standardized general Finnish population (0.817 vs. 0.918, p < 0.001). The correlation between the Finnish translation and 15D scores was high (0.805). Factor analysis revealed that the Finnish TQoL questionnaire and the 15D have four common factors. Internal validation identified some differences between the Finnish and the original versions. Conclusions The correlation between the Finnish TQoL questionnaire and the 15D was high. The factor structures of the original and Finnish versions of the TQoL questionnaire were not identical, which may be a consequence of cultural or patient population differences. Implications for rehabilitation Trauma causes a long-term decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and this impact should be assessed in rehabilitation. The Trauma-Specific Quality of Life (TQoL) questionnaire has many shared features with the generic HRQoL questionnaire, but it also contains features related to post-traumatic disorder syndrome. The TQoL questionnaire is a valid tool for monitoring HRQoL after trauma.

The Impact of Environmental Changes Caused by Earthquake Toward Emotional Problems of Preschool Children

Natural disasters can result in death and disability that lead to loss, grief and emotional disturbance reactions. The disorder is more common in children underwent development period. Neurological changes in children who experience Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD) 1.5 times greater than in adults. This study aims to determine the impact of environmental changes caused by the earthquake in Padang Pariaman district towards emotional problems of children aged 3-5 years. We used retrospective cohort study design in a population of children aged 3-5 years in September 2009. The sample was 219 people who were taken using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by interviewing the parents through a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. We observed a significant relationship between environment damage (p= 0.017), occupation (p= 0.02) and economic status (p= 0.03) with emotional problems in children. Education did not have a significant relationship with emotional problems in children.

Prévalences du trouble de stress post-traumatique et du stress perçu par les gendarmes : quelle(s) corrélation(s) avec la consommation de soins ?

BackgroundThe post-traumatic stress disorders are difficult to diagnose at an early stage due to a clinic that is sometimes complex to identify. Indeed, both the psychological injury and its clinical consequences remain frequently untold for many years before the care and repair process begins, often at the entourage's initiative as symptoms worsen. For this reason, the contemporary society provide active support to people who have experienced a potentially traumatic event, either in the civil context through the creation of medical and psychological emergency cells, or in the military context with the development of a ministerial action plan. On a global scale, armies that perform a systematic screening for possible mental disorders in soldiers returning from their missions, found high rates of Post-Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD) cases among their troops, although with large epidemiological disparities related to the level of units’ commitment. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted in French gendarmes so far, a category of workers that is regularly subject to cumulative stress factors as well as potentially psycho-traumatic events. ObjectivesThis research aims to describe the prevalence of PTSD cases and to assess the level of stress gendarmes perceive to search for a statistical correlation with their health care consumption. MethodWe conducted an open and contemporary single centre epidemiological survey within a medical unit of a national Gendarmerie and collected socio-demographic data. We used the following psychometric tools: Post-Traumatic Checklist Scale (PCLS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Digital Scale (ENS). Two indices of health care consumption were identified: the number of days of sick leave and the number of consultations. The statistical relationship between care consumption and the scores on the various scales was measured by using the Pearson's correlations. An ANOVA was used to measure the relationship between socio-demographic variables, health care consumption and different scales. ResultsThe sample of this study consisted of 187 gendarmes whose characteristics are close to those of the national Gendarmerie: the majority are men having a non-commissioned officer rank. Throughout his career, more than one subject out of two claimed to have experienced a service accident that occurred during a training or an intervention in equivalent proportions. Out of a total of 721 consultations, the average number of visits per gendarme is close to 4. The average PCLS sample is listed at 22 (±7.10) with a median of 19 and a near-zero score in 50 % of the cases. The PCLS positive rate was 2.1 % but the clinical interview conducted by the military doctor raised the probability of false positives likely due to stressing events occurring in a private context. The HAD-A is positive for a little more than 2 % of the sample, while the HAD-D is positive for 0.5 % of the total. The ENS and the PSS accounted for respectively 8 and 7 % of cases. We were able to objectify a statistically significant relationship between the number of days of sick leave and the psychometric scales scores of PCLS, PSS and ENS. DiscussionThe psychological morbidity figures objectified in our sample are lower than those found in civil and military populations. Our sample suffers from little anxiety and depressive disorders compared to other specific populations. Nonetheless, it also displays a better resilience to stress at work. In our study, the low PTSD rate we found in the population of gendarmes can be explained by clinical determinants. This population seems to be much more exposed to stress and potentially psycho-traumatic confrontations than the general population because of the nature of its missions (e.g. unusual work shifts, immediate availability of weapons, crime-related missions and maintenance of law and order…). However, these risk factors for trauma and important perceived stress are compensated by the quality of initial selection, tracking skills during carer, but also other non-medical dimensions as training or team spirit, which seem to be protective factors. The nature of occupational hazard and the dramatic nature of some missions seemed to be well tolerated by these personnels who enlisted with motivation and conviction. Moreover, during potentially life-threatening interventions, the confrontation with death is not often immediately perceived as brutal, as the staff involved has often some time before to develop this awareness, and thus may protect themselves more psychically. Finally, when a psychic trauma is experienced, the screening and support procedures reduce the risk of formation of a chronic TPPT. ConclusionThe PCLS, according to its positivity thresholds, is a good screening tool for mental suffering. The number of days of sick leave is also a reliable cue signal because of the statistically significant relationship existing with the PCLS.

Pharmacology of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) regulates not only stress-related behaviors but also maternal behavior, pain-related behaviors, and reward-driven behavior. Dysfunction of the BNST leads to physiopathological states like anxiety disorder, post-traumatic syndrome disorder, anorexia, or addiction. Thus, a better understanding of the BNST emerges as an important challenge in order to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Indeed, to improve our knowledge on the BNST, we first need to understand what shapes its activity. The BNST is strongly innervated by multiple inputs (glutamatergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic) giving rise to a part of its complexity. Importantly, under specific conditions (stress exposure, drug-withdrawal), endocannabinoid and neuropeptides can orchestrate the activity of the BNST. Here, we give a brief overview of the main pharmacological approaches targeting the BNST to assess the function of classical neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, from a pharmacological point of view through to behavior.

Lieutenant A and the rottweilers: a pheno-cognitive analysis of firemen's resilience in action

This article is based on a study of French urban firemen on an operational level. Their missions are punctuated by more and more critical incidents that have the potential to paralyse their cognitive functioning though they usually manage to resume their missions afterwards. I wonder if a microanalysis of their cognitive experience could unveil what helps a fireman get over a critical incident. Firemen's decision making in naturalistic settings has been studied mainly at a tactical level and from a third-person standpoint. Their ability to overcome critical incidents in action has been very little studied with research focusing mainly on Post-Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD). This study exposes the case of Lieutenant A who, supervising a victim rescue mission, finds himself attacked by two rottweiler dogs and is caught in the midst of a heavy gun shooting aimed at killing them. Based upon pheno-cognitive analysis, a qualitative method derived from phenomenological psychology, I explicit 38 elementary decision cycles pacing Lieutenant A's subjective experience of his intervention. The study shows that his cognitive experience of trauma unfolds in several stages and that he resumed his course of action because of a fortunate reinvolvement in the story in progress. It yields a cognitive ontology and cognitive patterns that describe decision-making dynamics.

STUDI META-ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA SOCIAL SUPPORT DENGAN PTSD (POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Reason for this meta analysis study is the variance of relation between social support and Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD). Six (6) articles show that social support correlates negatively with PTSD. Especially affection, instrumental and activity support. Social support as buffer between stressors and PTSD. Key words :  meta analysis, social support, post traumatic stress disorder   (PTSD)