Post-test Knowledge Score Research Articles

A study to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among the undergraduate students in selected colleges in Udupi

Methods: An evaluative approach with pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design research design, were used to assess the effectiveness of informational booklet on knowledge regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction among undergraduate students. In the view of nature of the problem and accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge among undergraduate students regarding early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in field of Nursing and Medicine. The pilot study was conducted from 7/6/23 to 14/6/23 after obtaining permission from Dr. G Shankar Government Women’s First Grade College, Udupi. The final study was conducted from 17/6/23 to 24/6/23 after obtaining permission from the authority of Poornaprajna College, Udupi. Subjects were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The researcher introduced self to the subjects and purpose of the study was explained. She obtained written consent from those who were willing to participate in the study. Instructions were given and the tool was administered. Pretest was conducted on 17/6/23 at 9.00 am onwards. Time to conduct pre test was about 35 mts and on the same day informational booklet was given. The respondents were thanked at the end of the class. Post test was conducted on 24/6/23. Results: The mean post-test knowledge scores 28, is higher than mean pre-test knowledge scores 11.5. The computed value 22.59 (p <0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the pretest and post-test mean knowledge scores 16.5. Hence, hypothesis H1 is accepted. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction.The chi square value of like variable such as age, gender, religion, class of study, dietary pattern, area of residence, previous information and source of information at 0.05 level of significance does not show any significant association. Hence, the hypothesis H2 is rejected. Interpretation and conclusion: The study revealed that during pretest majority 83 (83%) undergraduate students had poor knowledge level, 17 (17%) had moderate knowledge on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. During posttest majority of 49 (49%) gained excellent knowledge, 48 (48%) got good knowledge and 3 (3%) undergraduate students gained moderate knowledge. This indicates that the informational booklet is effective in increasing the knowledge scores on early signs and immediate management of myocardial infarction. There was no statistically significant association found between knowledge score and demographic variables.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Skill and Satisfaction Level of Laboratory Sciences Students in Pre-laboratory Immunohematology Course Using Virtual Flipped Classroom

Background: Medical education emphasizes the importance of facilitating deep learning, promoting professional behavior, and fostering skillful problem-solving in practical courses. Objectives: To determine student satisfaction, knowledge, and skill levels using the virtual flipped classroom method for the pre-laboratory immunohematology course in laboratory sciences. Methods: This semi-experimental (before-after) study included 42 laboratory science students who completed the practical immunohematology course. The intervention involved three steps of the virtual flipped classroom method. Knowledge was assessed with multiple-choice questions (MCQs), satisfaction was measured using a rating scale, and students' skills were evaluated using a rating scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests in STATA 14. Results: The results showed that the post-test knowledge score had an average of 7.42, significantly higher than the pre-test score of 4.04 (P < 0.05). Additionally, 92.85% of students reported being satisfied with the course. Regarding skill evaluation, 95.23% of students stated, "I think I have now really achieved it or a part of it." Conclusions: The virtual flipped classroom method in the immunohematology pre-laboratory course had a positive impact on students' learning and satisfaction. This teaching approach has the potential to improve teaching effectiveness, create an interactive learning atmosphere, and could be implemented in similar courses.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease among Students In A Selected Arts College of Durg, Chhattisgarh (State)

Coronary artery disease is an obstructed blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscles. The primary cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis. The term acute coronary syndrome is used to encompass the continuum of coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is most prevalent type of cardiovascular disease in adults, more death occurs in middle aged adults. In India, even younger age group are prone to get heart disease due to their health damaging life style. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of coronary artery disease among students in a selected arts college of Durg, Chhattisgarh (State) The conceptual framework used in this study was based on J.W.Kenney’s open system model. A quantitative approach was used for the present study. Using purposive sampling technique,60 arts students were selected and video assisted teaching given after pre-test. Followed by that post test was conducted on day 7, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall analysis of prevention of coronary artery disease the mean post-test knowledge score of the subjects 28.07 is higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 18.17. Thecalculated‘t’ value 19.769nis greater than of table value (1.984) at 0.001 level of significance. This indicates that video assited teaching programme was effective in gaining knowledge regarding the prevention of coronary artery disease. The association between socio demographic variables with pre-test knowledge score significance (p<0.001) was tested. Based on the findings indicate that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score on prevention of coronary artery disease in a selected arts college students at Durg.

Assessment of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Enhancing Clinical Knowledge in Neonatal Care Settings With High Antimicrobial Resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, which is particularly challenging in developing countries like India. This study attempts to determine the competencies of health care professionals and to update evidence-based policies to address AMR. A survey-based educational interventional study was conducted using a validated structured survey and knowledge questionnaire under 3 domains through an antimicrobial stewardship program. Pooled data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Out of 58 participants, 53 (91%) have observed an increasing trend of multidrug-resistant infections over the last 5years. There is a significant difference between the overall pretest mean scores (8.12±2.10) and posttest mean scores (12.5±1.49) of clinicians' knowledge with a mean difference of 4.38±0.61, 95% CI of 5.003-3.92, t(57)=16.62, P <.001). The antimicrobial stewardship program was effective in improving the competencies of clinical physicians to improve antimicrobial prescribing and reduce AMR. Moreover, improving the knowledge and competencies among health care professionals will minimize neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Comparing the impact of different transfusion medicine teaching methods—A mobile application versus task-based learning—On two dimensions of clinical competence among nursing students: A quasi-experimental study

AimTo evaluate and compare the impact of a transfusion medicine training course delivered via two different teaching methods—a mobile application and task-based learning—on nursing students' knowledge and clinical decision-making skill. BackgroundTo advance nursing education and clinical competence, it is crucial to integrate innovative methods, such as mobile applications and task-based learning, that promote active and competency-based learning. Evaluating these methods provides educators with insights to enhance nursing students' knowledge and clinical decision-making skill, ultimately improving patient care and supporting professional development. DesignA quasi-experimental study using a pretest-intervention-posttest design with a control group. MethodsThis study included 82 nursing students from the 6th to 8th semesters, selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups—mobile application (n=30), task-based learning (n=30) and control (n=30). The first group received educational content through a mobile application, the second group through task-based learning and the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using a valid and reliable three-part researcher-made tool, including a demographic/educational checklist and questionnaires on knowledge and clinical decision-making skill, administered before and two weeks after the intervention. Analysis was done using paired t-test, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. ResultsFollowing the intervention, both intervention groups showed a significant increase in knowledge and clinical decision-making skill scores (p<0.05). Although both groups had higher knowledge scores than the control group, the differences were not significant (p>0.05). In contrast, clinical decision-making scores were significantly higher in both intervention groups compared with the control (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups regarding the mean post-test knowledge and clinical decision-making skill scores (p>0.05). ConclusionBoth teaching methods effectively improved nursing students' knowledge and clinical decision-making skills in transfusion medicine. To leverage these findings effectively, educational authorities should integrate mobile applications and task-based learning into nursing curricula, test these methods in various settings to assess their impact and use the findings to update curricula in line with current educational needs.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding eating disorder among adolescents girls studying in 9th and 10th standard in selected school of Bilaspur (C.G.)

The objective of the study is to assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge score regardingeating disorder among adolescents girls, effectiveness of planned teaching program regardingeating disorder among adolescent girls and to find out the association between level ofknowledge with selected socio demographic variables of adolescent girls.Quantitative research approach using pre-experimental research design one group pre-testpost-test design. Purposive sampling technique was used. Self-structured questionnaire usedto assess knowledge score.Majority 98.33% (59) sample age ranges between 15-16 years, 88.33% (53) of sample reside in urbanarea, 36.67% (22) subjects were 8th pass, 78.33% (47) subjects belongs to joint family, 43.33% (26)subjects father is farmer, 55% (33) subjects has previous knowledge about eating disorder.The mean post- test knowledge score 10.05 is higher than the mean pre- test knowledge score 5.33,mean difference is 4.72. The calculated ‘t’ value = 3.2065 is higher than the table value of ‘t’ = 2.00hence, the research hypothesis H1 which indicate the planned teaching programme on knowledgeregarding eating disorder was significantly effective in increasing the knowledge of subject.There is no significant association between the pre -test knowledge scores of sample with the age,residential area, type of family and previous knowledge about eating disorder. There is significantassociation between the pre -test knowledge scores of sample with educational qualification andsocio-economic income .Hence H2 accepted.

Effectiveness of educational training program on the knowledge of COTPA Act among the nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital

BACKGROUND: Globally, tobacco is among the leading factors attributable to death. The nonteaching staff plays a pivotal role in making a campus a “tobacco-free zone.” The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational training program conducted on the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 among nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital in the Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. An educational training program on COTPA 2003 was conducted in collaboration with the State Tobacco Control Cell. Data were collected before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the training program. A paired t-test was applied to compare both knowledge scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with knowledge scores. RESULTS: Around 187 (37.4%) security personnel, 198 (39.6%) housekeeping staff and 115 (23%) hospital attendants participated in the study. The pre-test mean (± standard deviation (SD)) knowledge score was 4.91 ± 1.59 whereas post-test mean (± SD) knowledge score was 7.91 ± 1.42. The pre-test knowledge score was associated with residence, age, and history of tobacco consumption of study participants. The female gender was associated with the pre-test knowledge score having a standardized coefficient -0.49 (P value = 0.009). The post-test knowledge score was associated with a history of tobacco consumption with a standardized coefficient of 0.42 (P value = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The educational training program improved the knowledge of the study participants with maximum improvement among the housekeeping staff. The history of tobacco consumption emerged as a significant factor affecting knowledge even after the training program.

“A Study To Develop And Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Module On Cognitive Behavior Therapy In Terms Of Knowledge And Attitude Among Students Of Selected College Of Nursing, New Delhi”

Emotional experiences are ubiquitous in nature and important and perhaps even critical in academic settings, as emotion modulates virtually every aspect of cognition. Tests, examinations, homework, and deadlines are associated with different emotional states that encompass frustration, anxiety, and boredom. This is followed by the emotional-cognitive interactions in the various brain regions that are intimately involved in emotion and memory systems and influence behavior. A pre-experimental study was conducted with an aim to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of Module on cognitive behavior therapy in terms of knowledge and attitude among students of selected College of Nursing, New Delhi. Quantitative approach with one group pre-test post-test was adopted for the study. A module was developed and administered with certain activities and assignment to practice for the students. The module was based on the INC guidelines given for Cognitive Behavior Therapy included concepts, CBT model, development and tracking of automatic thoughts, biofeedback, Socratic questioning, behavior experiments, thought records and action plan components. The data was collected from 52 B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students of Holy Family College of Nursing using Structured knowledge Questionnaire and structured attitude scale. The data was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings shows that mean post-test knowledge score and attitude score 21.2127 and 38.7021 was higher than mean pre-test knowledge score and attitude score 13.8723 and 35.4680. The result also revealed that module on cognitive behavior therapy is effective in enhancing the level of knowledge and attitude among nursing students as the calculated t-value is greater than table value at 2.012 at p&lt;0.05 level of significance

A study to find effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding menstrual blood banking among nursing students in a selected nursing college at Mangalore

A study to find the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding menstrual blood banking among nursing student in a selected nursing college at Mangalore. The study surveyed 60 nursing students at New Mangala College of Nursing Mangalore, using a structured teaching program. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and post-test. The results showed that 70% of students had no prior knowledge about menstrual blood banking, while 85% had average knowledge. The post-test knowledge score was higher than the pretest score, indicating that the structured teaching program effectively increased nursing students' knowledge on menstrual blood banking. The study found that the Structured Teaching Program significantly improved nursing students' knowledge about menstrual blood banking, despite their initial low structured scores.

Effect of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Preconception Care among Reproductive women under Mukalmua Block PHC, Nalbari district, Assam

Background: Preconception care is a set of interventions that aim to identify and modify biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a woman’s health or pregnancy outcome through prevention and management. The main goal of preconception care is to provide health promotion, screening and interventions for women of reproductive age to reduce the risk factor that might affect future pregnancies. Methodology: The research approach used for the study was quantitative evaluative research approach. The conceptual framework for the study was based on ‘General Systems Theory’ developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and modified by JW Kenny. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding preconception care among reproductive women. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 60 reproductive women. Structured interview schedule was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding preconception care among reproductive women. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study data. Result: Findings revealed that out of 60 reproductive women; in the pre-test, majority 39(65%) of the participants had moderately adequate knowledge; 16(26.7%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge and only 5(8.3%) of the participants had adequate knowledge whereas in post-test, majority 53(88.3%) of the participants had adequate knowledge, only 7 (11.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge regarding preconception care. The mean posttest knowledge scores 18.40 was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 8.37 with mean difference 10.03 and 't' value 26.69 for df 59 at p&lt; 0.05 level of significance. Socio-demographic variables such as educational status and use of contraceptive methods were found to be statistically significant at p&lt;0.05 with pre-test level of knowledge regarding preconception care among reproductive women.

How does using an AR learning environment affect student learning of a radical substitution mechanism?

Abstract As the use of augmented reality (AR) in educational settings grows, it becomes increasingly important to understand how to use AR in classrooms. Here, we present an AR learning environment that we designed for teaching an organic chemistry reaction mechanism in high school chemistry classes. This new environment was tested in six tenth-grade chemistry classes (upper secondary) taught by five different teachers in three different schools over the course of five months and evaluated for effectiveness. Students completed knowledge tests before and after they used the AR learning environment to test their learning gain, and surveys to measure their acceptance of the technology, the cognitive load they experienced, and their attitude toward the use of AR to learn the mechanism for radical substitution. Analysis shows that the knowledge posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores (p &lt; 0.001), with a large effect size (r = 0.8). Student responses showed acceptance of the technology, experience of low extraneous cognitive load, and a positive attitude toward the use of AR to learn this reaction mechanism. These findings indicate that this AR learning environment can be used to teach the mechanism of radical substitution to tenth-grade students in introductory high school chemistry courses.

The Assessment of Teaching Programme Regarding Prevention and Management of Helminthic Infections among School Children in Selected Schools of Alappuzha District

Background: Intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections form the most important group of intestinal worms affecting two billion people worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and suffering, though entirely preventable. Worm infestation is the common but neglected problem especially among school children especially between the age group of 5to 14 years. The poor standard of living includes improper disposal of faecal and other wastes, overcrowding, unhygienic health practices and poor environmental sanitation are the reasons for the worm infestation among the children. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of teaching programme regarding prevention and management of worm infestation among school children in selected schools of Alappuzha District. Materials and Methods: The research method adopted for this study was a quantitative research approach with an experimental research design. The sample consists of 75 school children of age 10 to 12 years. Systematic random sample and convenient sampling technique were adapted to choose the students. The knowledge about worm infestation was assessed through pre-test and after providing the health education the Post-test was done using the same questionnaire for the same participants convenient sampling technique. Results: The study revealed that majority of the children, 35 (46%) had average knowledge, 10 (14%) had good knowledge and 30(40%) had below average knowledge scores in pre-test, whereas in the post test 42samples (56%) had good knowledge, 30(40%) had average knowledge scores and only 3(4%) had below average knowledge. The t-value was computed to find the significant difference in the mean pre-test and Post-test knowledge scores was found to be significant (t= 10.44, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that school children had significantly gained the knowledge in the post test which implies that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the subjects.

A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Awareness Programme on Organ Donation Among the B.Sc. Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam

An experimental study was conducted with the objective to assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge on organ donation, to evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programme on organ donation among the B. Sc Nursing students of Arya nursing college, to find out the association between pre-test knowledge on organ donation and selected demographic variables. The students were selected from B. Sc Nursing 2nd year by using purposive sampling technique. Total 50 sample were selected and self-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data and analyzed according to the study objective. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study findings showed that 8% respondents belong to age group of 17-19 years, 86% belongs to the age group of 20-22 years and 6% belongs to the age group who were more than 22 years. 52% belongs to Hindu religion, 36% belongs to Islam religion, 12% belongs to Christian religion. 84% resides in rural area and 16% resides in Urban area. 14% had attended training programme on organ donation while 86% did not. In pre-test 14% have inadequate knowledge, 74% have moderate knowledge and 12% have adequate knowledge regarding organ donation and in post-test 8% have inadequate knowledge, 72% have moderate knowledge and 20% have adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score of pre-tests is 14.32 and standard deviation is 3.30. The mean knowledge score of post-tests is 21.66 and standard deviation is 3.14. Hence, it shows that there is increase in mean post-test knowledge score when compared to mean pre-test knowledge score.

Effectiveness of Power Point Presentation on Knowledge regarding impact of social networking on lifestyle among Adolescence of selected college

Introduction: The present study was aimed to assess the “Effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation on knowledge regarding impact of social networking on lifestyle among adolescence of selected college”. Objectives: In view of the nature of the problem under study and to accomplish the objectives of the study, A quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design is used. The main objective of the study was evaluating the effectiveness of power point presentation on impact of social networking on lifestyle among adolescence. Material and Methods: Total 100 adolescence were selected as sample for study by using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaires. The Power point presentation was also administered on the same day following the pre-test. Findings: The comparisons of the pretest and post-test means of the knowledge regarding impact of social networking on lifestyle among adolescence of selected college in selected area were done by the paired t-‘test. The test was conducted at 5% level of significance. The pretest average score was 10.64 with standard deviation of 3.37 The post-test average score was 17.14 with standard deviation of 2.98. The chi square test was used to see the association between pre-test and post-test knowledge score of adolescence regarding impact of social networking on lifestyle at selected college. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Power point presentation was effective in imparting knowledge of Impact of Social Networking on Lifestyle. And as seen adolescence was not fully aware about impact social networking so it is important to guide them by providing knowledge on social networking.

Knowledge and Skill Retention in First-Year MBBS Students After Basic Life Support Training: A One-Year Longitudinal Study.

BackgroundThe Indian National Medical Council has incorporated the Basic Life Support (BLS) course in the foundation course of the undergraduate (MBBS) medical curriculum. However, medical teachers raise concerns about how training would affect the retention of Basic Life Support (BLS) abilities in the longer run. So, the current study assesses the knowledge and retention of BLS skills among first-year MBBS students over one year.MethodsWe included one hundred first-year MBBS students in our study who were trained for BLS, including theory, demonstrations and hands-on training using mannequins. Theoretical knowledge was assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. At the same time, the skills were evaluated using Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) scores before, just after the training session, and again after one month, six months, and one year. Course feedback was also taken from the students after completing the sessions.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test knowledge scores, indicating that training improved their knowledge. (p < 0.001) There was also a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test skills using DOPS (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the score when DOPS was conducted at one month, but a significant decrease in their skills was seen at six months and one year when compared with the Post Skill Score. (P < 0.001)ConclusionsThe first-year medical students’ knowledge and skills were enhanced by BLS training coupled with practical sessions. Such waning skills necessitate repeating the training at periodic intervals to reinform retention of skills acquired during BLS training.

Using a Board Game to Learn a Physical Assessment Course in Nursing Education: A Randomized Controlled Study

Objective: Nursing students are expected to acquire the skills necessary to provide competent patient care in complex healthcare settings. This study aimed to explore the effect of a physical assessment board game on nursing students’ knowledge level and determine their opinions about the game. Methods: A randomized controlled study design was used. The study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 among 56 nursing students (game group= 28, control group= 28) enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program in Türkiye. The data were collected using the Kolb’s Learning Styles Inventory to determine students’ learning styles, the Knowledge Evaluation Form for physical assessment, and the Student Opinion Form for students’ opinions about the game. Mean scores for the pre-test and post-tests were compared using independent and paired sample t-tests. Results: A significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of the game group (P&amp;lt;.05). The mean post-test knowledge score of the students in the game group was higher than that of the students in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion: The game was beneficial for teaching physical assessment course. Future studies should incorporate different game samples, such as the development of a web-based game, as this study focused on a board game that supported physical assessment skills.

Effectiveness Of Planned Teaching Programme On Preventive Measures Of Cataract Among Adults In Selected Urban Community, Mangalore

A cataract is the clouding of the lens in the eye affecting vision. Early in the development of age-related cataract the power of the lens may be increased, causing near-sightedness (myopia), and the gradual yellowing and opacification of the lens may reduce the perception of blue colours. Most cataracts are related to aging. Exposure to sunlight may be associated with an increased risk of cataract. Vitamin supplements have shown varying results in delaying the progression of cataract. Globally, there are nearly 45 million blind people. Almost 135 million people are with low vision. A total of nearly 180 million people have some degree of visual disability. Nine of the ten who are blind live in the developing countries. On the current projections, there could be estimated 50 million blind people due to cataract by 202016. Prevalence of cataract in USA is approximately 5.5 million or 2.02%. India is one of the countries that have a sizeable number of visually impaired people17 . The annual incidence of cataract blindness in India is about 3.8 million. Statistics reveal that over 12 million people in the country are visually handicapped. Out of 41.8% of global blindness, 23.5% is contributed by India. Major proportion of total blindness in India (81%) is constituted by cataract18 . In Karnataka prevalence of cataract blindness among the men above the age of fifty is 3.39% and women is 6.51%, in Dakshina Kannada district it is 1.27% for men and 7.65% for women19 . Hence the researcher felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on preventive measures of cataract in a selected urban community, Mangalore. Objectives: The purpose of this study was • to determine the level of knowledge on preventive measures of cataract among adults as measured by a structured closed-ended knowledge questionnaire • to determine the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on preventive measures of cataract among adults • to find the association between the pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. Research approach and design: A pre-experimental research design of one group pre- and post-test with an evaluative approach was used for this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Jeppu urban community area of Mangalore. Subjects: Adults in the age group of 30-55 years in the selected urban areas of Mangalore Sample size and Sampling technique: The sample for the present study comprised 100 adults in the age group of 30-55 years who met the inclusion criteria The investigator purposely selected the adults who were judged to be a typical population who needs the knowledge related to cataract. Planned teaching programme The planned teaching programme on “preventive measures of cataract.” was developed after an exhaustive review. The content the planned teaching programme included • Introduction • Definition • Eye and lens • Functions of eye • Definition of cataract • Incidence of cataract • Etiological risk factors of cataract • Classification of cataract • Sites of cataract • Clinical manifestations of cataract • Diagnostic measures of cataract • Preventive measures of cataract • Therapeutic regimen in case of diabetes and hypertension • Demonstrate the eye exercises • Conclusion Instrument used: Structured closed-ended knowledge questionnaire on preventive measures of cataract among adults. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics Major findings and reports: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Pre-test assessment revealed that highest percentage (49%) of adults had poor knowledge, 43% had average knowledge, and only 8% had good knowledge. The post-test revealed that 98% had gained very good knowledge, 2% of them gained good knowledge. The total mean percentage of pre-test knowledge score was 43.58% (mean 10.46 ± 3.22) and the mean percentage post-test knowledge score was 92.25% (mean 22.14 ± 1.38) showing an effectiveness of 48.62% (mean 11.68± 2.89). Significance of difference between pre-test and post-test was statistically tested by using paired ‘t’ test and it was found very highly significant (t=40.10, p&lt;0.05). The pretest knowledge score showed association between the pre-test knowledge and previous source of information regarding prevention of cataract but there was no association between pre-test knowledge and age, gender, educational status, occupation and family history of cataract. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal that adults had inadequate knowledge on preventive measures of cataract; however the knowledge has significantly improved after the Planned Teaching Programme. Hence, it is concluded that PTP was highly effective in improving the knowledge of the adults regarding the preventive measures of cataract.

Effectiveness of Capacity Building Programme on Competency of Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation Among Critical Care Nurses

This study investigates the effects of a capacity-building programme on the competency of ECG interpretation among critical care nurses. Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a fundamental clinical skill essential for the rapid diagnosis of potentially life-threatening conditions. Misinterpretation of ECGs can result in inappropriate clinical decisions, leading to adverse patient outcomes. This study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital with over 1600 beds and six fully equipped intensive care units, aimed to improve the knowledge and practice of ECG interpretation among nurses frequently recording ECGs. A quantitative quasi-experimental study was conducted with 100 nurses selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to evaluate knowledge and practice, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the study group had significantly higher post-test knowledge and practice scores compared to the control group, with a strong positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores. The findings highlight the importance of continuous education and training for healthcare professionals.

Health promotion intervention to educate mothers of preschool children to promote wellness

Preschoolers are delicate individuals with higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Nowadays, the focus is to reduce mortality rates by focusing on risk factors, including preventable causes and elements that affect children's health. Creating an awareness among mothers in a particular community will help prevent and promote health among such children. Therefore, a study is designed to find out the effectiveness of focused intervention on health promotion among mothers of preschool children in selected urban area of Chennai. To validate the effectiveness of focused intervention a pre-test and posttest outcomes were measured to enable the wellness of preschool children. A quantitative research approach and pre-experimental design were used to gather data from 100 mothers of preschool children using convenience sampling technique. Self-structured knowledge questionnaires were used during pretest and post-test. After pretest, a focused intervention on health promotion among mothers of pre-school children was given. The outcome of the study was measured through a post-test. The data collected was analyzed, interpreted and the outcomes were reported. The average pre-test level of knowledge score of mothers was 8.22 and the average post-test knowledge score was 16.05, a significant difference (7.83). Mothers in nuclear family in the urban area having more than one child showed better outcome. Statistical significance was calculated using the chi-square test. The preliminary study’s findings support that focused intervention helps mothers to gain more knowledge that may help to maintain the health of their children. Such studies may be recommended to educate the mothers help reduce under five child mortality.

First-aid training for primary Healthcare providers on a remote Island: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundEnsuring ongoing first-aid training for primary healthcare providers (PHPs) is one of the critical strategies for providing quality health services and contributing to achieving universal health coverage. However, PHPs have received insufficient attention in terms of training and capacity building, especially in the remote areas of low-to-middle-income countries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a first-aid training program for PHPs on a Vietnamese island and explored their perspectives and experiences regarding first-aid implementation.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted among 39 PHPs working in community healthcare centers. The quantitative method utilized a quasi-experimental design to evaluate participants’ first-aid knowledge at three time points: pre-training, immediately post-training, and three months post-training. Sixteen of the PHPs participated in subsequent semi-structured focus group interviews using the qualitative method. Quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsThe quantitative results showed a significant improvement in both the overall mean first-aid knowledge scores and the subdimensions of the first-aid knowledge scores among healthcare providers post-training. There was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and immediate posttest and follow-up knowledge scores (p < 0.001). However, the difference in knowledge scores between the immediate posttest and three-month follow-up was not significant (p > 0.05). Three main themes emerged from the focus group discussions: perception of first-aid in remote areas, facilitators and barriers. Participants identified barriers, including infrastructure limitations, shortage of the primary healthcare workforce, inadequate competencies, and insufficient resources. Conversely, receiving considerable support from colleagues and the benefits of communication technologies in implementing first aid were mentioned as facilitators. The training bolstered the participants’ confidence in their first-aid responses, and there was a desire for continued education.ConclusionsImplementing periodic first-aid refresher training for PHPs in a nationwide resource-limited setting can contribute significantly to achieving universal health coverage goals. This approach potentially enhances the preparedness of healthcare providers in these areas to deliver timely and effective first aid during emergencies, which may lead to more consistent primary healthcare services despite various challenges.