Postsurgical Wound Healing Research Articles

Post-Surgical Non-Invasive Wound Healing Monitoring in Oropharyngeal Mucosa.

Postoperative bleeding is the most significant complication of tonsillectomy. Regular monitoring of post-surgical wound healing in the pharynx is required. For this purpose, we propose endoscope-based non-invasive perfusion mapping and quantification. The combination of imaging photoplethysmography and image processing provides automated wound area selection and microcirculation characterization. In this feasibility study, we demonstrate the first results of the proposed approach to wound monitoring in clinical trial on eight patients after tonsillectomy. Combination of probe-based optical system and image processing algorithms can provide the valuable and consistent data on perfusion distribution. The quantitative microcirculation data obtained 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery are in good agreement with existing monitoring protocols.

Historical and Contemporary Debates in Schlemm's Canal-Based MIGS.

Glaucoma is one of the primary causes of blindness worldwide. Canal opening surgery, a type of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) applied in cases of mild to moderate glaucoma, has gained increasing popularity in recent years due to its efficacy in reducing the intraocular pressure, its safety profile, the simplicity of its technique, and the reduced likelihood of compromised vision. Nevertheless, the existing body of histopathological studies remains insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of post-surgical wound healing. Consequently, debates persist among researchers regarding the mechanism through which Schlemm's canal opening surgery reduces the intraocular pressure, as well as the surgical techniques that may impact the outcomes and the factors influencing surgical success. As the history of MIGS is relatively short and lacks sufficient systemic reviews or meta-analyses evaluating the influence of individual factors, this review was conducted to illuminate the disparities in researchers' opinions at the current stage of research.

‘Plan Z and then off the edge of a cliff’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of mothers’ experience of living with a slow-to-heal Caesarean wound

BackgroundStudies indicate that complex postsurgical wound healing can significantly alter biopsychological markers responsible for recovery. Yet, there is a lack of research investigating women's experience of living with slow-to-heal Caesarean birth wounds. This is an important area of investigation considering the increase of factors associated with surgical births and poor wound healing in the UK and globally. AimThe aim of this study was to explore women's experiences of living with a slow-to-heal Caesarean wound. MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with seven women who had lived experience of slow-to-heal Caesarean wounds. Narratives were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. ResultsAnalysis of women's narratives revealed three interlinking superordinate themes of 1) ‘Tied to that event’: healing physical and emotional wounds, 2) The ‘good mother’ and the ‘good patient’: negotiating being a carer and being cared for, and 3) ‘Adjusting to a new normality’. Overall, slow-to-heal wounds embodied women's perceptions of agency over their Caesarean birth experience and achievement of a new motherhood identity. Wherein, successful healing would encompass a sense of normality defined by subjective notions of regaining expected roles and daily activities, previous bodily functions, and maternal status within their families that became disrupted due to delayed wound healing. ConclusionWomen's narratives support discourse surrounding Caesarean birth and recovery as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. This has important ramifications regarding research and treatment programmes for postnatal women with complex healing that are largely described as ‘invisible’.

Assessing biomarkers for post-surgical wound healing: A meta-analysis of exosome-based CircRNA in breast cancer recovery.

To evaluate the diagnostic potential of exosome-based circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers for wound healing in patients after breast cancer surgery, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies that measured exosome-based circRNA levels in breast cancer patients post-surgery. Data sources included several biomedical databases up to April 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed study quality. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios were synthesized using random-effects model with subgroup analyses performed based on study characteristics. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1234 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of exosome-based circRNA for detecting wound healing complications were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.88), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.90, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Subgroup analyses revealed that diagnostic performance was consistent across studies of different geographic regions and sample types but indicated potential variability related to patient age and study design. Exosome-based circRNA profiles exhibited the high diagnostic accuracy for monitoring wound healing in breast cancer post-operative care. These findings supported the potential utility of circRNA as non-invasive biomarkers for post-surgical recovery. However, variability among studies suggested the need for standardized protocols in biomarker measurement. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to validate the prognostic value of these biomarkers and investigate their role in personalized patient management.

Enteromorpha Prolifera Polysaccharide-Derived Injectable Hydrogel for Fast Intraoperative Hemostasis and Accelerated Postsurgical Wound Healing Following Tumor Resection.

Intraoperative bleeding and delayed postsurgical wound healing caused by persistent inflammation can increase the risk of tumor recurrence after surgical resection. To address these issues, Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (PEP) with intrinsic potentials for hemostasis and wound healing, is chemically modified into aldehyde-PEP and hydrazine-PEP. Thereby, an injectable double-network hydrogel (OPAB) is developed via forming dual dynamic bonding of acylhydrazone bonds between the decorated aldehyde and hydrazine groups and hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups between boric acid and PEP skeletons. The OPAB exhibits controllable shape-adaptive gelation (35.0 s), suitable mechanical properties, nonstimulating self-healing (60 s), good wet tissue adhesion (30.9kPa), and pH-responsive biodegradability. For in vivo models, owing to these properties, OPAB can achieve rapid hemostasis within 30 s for the liver hemorrhage, and readily loading of curcumin nanoparticles to remarkably accelerate surgical wound closure by alleviating inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. Overall, this multifunctional injectable hydrogel is a promising material that facilitates simultaneous intraoperative hemorrhage and postsurgical wound repair, holding significant potential in the clinical managements of bleeding and surgical wounds for tumor resection.

An in-vitro study on post-surgical breast wound healing activity by zinc oxide dots and its optimization using Box Behnken design

The development of effective treatments for post-surgical malignant wounds caused by recurrent breast cancer remains challenging. This study aimed to address this issue by creating a biocompatible fluorescent quantum dot using curcumin-loaded Zinc oxide bionanocomposite (Cur-ZnOBC). The ZnOBC was combined with neem essential oil-Aloe-vera gel complex to produce the nanoconjugate Cur-ZnOBC, which was then transformed into curcumin-based quantum dots (Cur-ZnOQDs) using a microwave-assisted method to enhance drug delivery function. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the concentration variables involved in the formation of Cur-ZnOQDs. The synthesized Cur-ZnOQDs were found to have low cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cells and exhibited wound healing activity in malignant wounds of breast cancer cells post-surgery. Cell death was noticed only at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL, and the wound closure area increased from 22.3% to 44.2% at 48 h, which was 20 times greater than the control. Therefore, Cur-ZnOQDs at lower concentration range may act as bio-enhancers to improve outcomes associated with breast cancer and ultimately improve the survival rate.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy as risk factor of diabetic complications progression

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common and incapacitating endocrine disorder. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most serious complications of DM, which is the main cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations. Despite the efforts of the entire medical community, the survival rate of DFS patients with non-healing ulcers and after foot surgery does not exceed 50% over 5 years and is comparable to the survival rates of patients with colorectal cancer.Aim. It has been demonstrated that postsurgical diabetic foot wounds tend to chronization of inflammatory process. The diabetic autonomic neuropathy can be involved in diabetic foot damages. We hypothesized that progression of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) leads to aggressive microvascular complications of diabetes and delay the postsurgical wound healing in diabetic foot patients during 2 years of observation.Materials and methods. We examined 94 outpatients with postsurgical diabetic foot wounds and observation period of two years. The clinical neurological examination and standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests with identification of severe/advanced abnormalities were performed at baseline and after 2 years. The progression of CAN was diagnosed in cases of an increase in the amount of cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests by 1 score and more. The unsatisfactory result of wound treatment was detected in patients with wound healing delay and new cases of surgery debridement, foot amputations and Charcot foot during 2 years of observation.Results. The mean duration of diabetes was 10.7 year, HbA1c 8.3%, LDL-Chol 3.3 mmol/l, TG 1.8 mmol/l. The 51.1% patients had been amputated in the level of foot, 48.9% patients had surgery debridement. All patients had CAN, confirmed/severe forms in 57.4% cases. The progression of CAN was found in 22.3% patients, the most of them with functional stage at baseline. The aggressive course of CAN increased the risk of progression of diabetic sensomotor neuropathy (OR = 14.6; 95% CI 3.0–70.5; p = 0.0006), nephropathy (OR = 22.4; 95% CI 3.4–147.4; p = 0.0009) and unsatisfactory result of wound treatment (OR = 40; 95% CI 6.0–268.5; p = 0.0001).Conclusions. The patients with diabetic foot surgery wounds has high risk of confirmed/severe CAN and its progression during 2 years. The aggressive course of CAN associates with unsatisfactory result of wound treatment and progression of microvascular diabetic complications.

Targeting regeneration capacity of stem cells to improve surgical wound healing outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.

e17578 Background: Despite advancements in care and treatment, ovarian cancer continues to be a challenging and deadly disease. Currently, standard treatment comprises a combination of cytoreductive surgery, often followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, known to negatively affect wound healing recovery. Therefore, achieving optimal post-surgical wound healing is critical in preventing delays in treatment, which can greatly impact patient outcomes and overall survival. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have been shown to be crucial in regeneration of tissue and wound closure, as well as in regulating inflammatory differentiation and proliferation processes. Thus, improving the regeneration capacity of ASCs in wounds may speed post-surgical recovery and subsequent treatments. While a number of compounds have been shown to potentiate the regeneration ability of ASCs, we hypothesize that naturally derived epigenetic compounds with anti-cancer properties (I3C and EGCG), as well as anti-inflammatory compounds (non-psychoactive cannabidiol, CBD), may have a role in increasing regeneration capacity of stem cells. Therefore, ASCs were primed with these compounds and expression of major inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, proliferation and regeneration markers was evaluated. Methods: ASCs were primed with either I3C 50uM, EGCG 10 uM, or CBD 100nM. Conditioned medium from these treatments was collected and underwent a protein array assay for detection of levels of 40 human inflammatory markers and cytokines according to the manufacturer instructions. A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc testing analyzed intensities for each marker between the control group and each of the primed groups. Results: Our results indicate that ASCs primed with our epigenetic treatments significantly decrease expression of a multitude of inflammatory markers and cytokines. I3C primed ASCs showed significantly decreased expression of the following factors: I-309, IL-11, IL-12 p40, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-6sR, M-CSF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-1δ, IL-6, MCP-1, TIMP-2. EGCG primed ASCs significantly decreased expression of IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-6sR, MIP-1α, MIP-1δ, RANTES, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TIMP-2. CBD primed ASCs significantly decreased expression of IL-6. A p< .05 was used. Conclusions: Priming ASCs with EGCG, I3C and CBD significantly down-regulate expression of a number of pro-inflammatory markers known to delay and interfere with the kinetics of wound healing processes, including wound inflammation, closure and scar formation. Therefore, these results suggest that naturally derived epigenetic compounds and CBD successfully potentiated ASCs’ ability to attenuate inflammation and wound healing processes. Consequently, our findings can lead to new diet and surgical ASC protocols which could optimize cancer post-operative wound healing closure time while decreasing inflammation.

The effect of incisional negative pressure wound therapy on the improvement of postoperative cosmetic suture wounds and scar hyperplasia.

This study aimed to explore the effects of early incisional negative pressure wound therapy (INPWT) on cosmetic suture wounds and postoperative scar hyperplasia. We retrospectively evaluated 120 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection at the Changhai Hospital between February 2018 and October 2021 and divided them into two groups according to their treatment: the INPWT group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 60). The quality of post-surgical wound healing in the two groups was evaluated. The Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS), the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the surgical incision scar at 1-year follow-up. At this follow-up visit, 115 patients underwent reexamination; five patients were lost to follow-up, including two patients in the INPWT group and three patients in the control group. The INPWT group showed better wound healing than the control group (P < .05). The proportion of patients who received INPWT was significantly higher in the non-surgical site infection (SSI) group than in the SSI group (P < .05). The PSAS, VSS and VAS scores were significantly improved in the INPWT group compared with those in the control group (P < .05). Our results show that INPWT improved the quality of cosmetic suture wounds and reduced the degree of postoperative scar hyperplasia.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of leucocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) or hemostatic agent application at palatal donor sites after free gingival graft harvesting: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient's morbidity and post-surgical complications after treatment of palatal donor sites after free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting using Leucocyte-and Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) membranes or a hemostatic agent with oxidized and regenerated cellulose. Forty-two palatal donar sites after FGG haversting in 42 patients were randomly assigned to experimental (L-PRF membrane) or control procedure (hemostatic agent). The primary outcome was postoperative pain related to the wound located at palatal area, while the secondary outcomes were post-operative discomfort, inability to chew, post-operative stress, surgical chair time, thickness of palatal fibromucosa and thickness of FGG. The PROMs were recorded after one week. After one week, a statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of post operative stress (p=0.0083). No statistically significant differences in terms of postoperative pain (p=0.326), patient discomfort (p=0.509), inability to chew (p=0.936), surgical chair time (p=0.932) were recorded between test and control group. No statistically significant differences were recorded in terms of thickness of palatal fibromucosa (p=0.647) and thickness of FGG (P=0.756) between groups. Post-surgical wound healing complications (i.e., necrosis or infections) were not observed in both groups. Within their limitations, the present outcomes indicated that the application of L-PRF membrane at palatal donor sites after FGG harvesting did not produce significant advantages for the patients.

Comparison of the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and extract of Acorus calamus applied topically on surgical wounds inflicted on the skin of rabbits.

Antibiotics are used for postsurgical wound healing purposes but unfortunately, resistance against them demands some alternatives for quick recovery. Sepsis of wounds is a challenge for medical as well as veterinary professionals. Nanoparticles have significant advantages in wound treatment and drug resistance reversal. This study was conducted to appreciate emerging alternates of antibiotics like zinc oxide nanoparticles and plant extracts in topical application. Zinc oxide is considered a good wound healer and its nanoparticles are easy to access. So, the efficacies of zinc oxide nanoparticles and sweet flag plant extract ointments were tested to compare modern and traditional therapeutics as sweet flag is considered a pure medicinal plant. Rabbits were selected for this study due to the healing properties of their skin. Wounds were inflicted on the thoracolumbar region and treated for 29 days post-surgically daily with normal saline and the ointment of zinc oxide nanoparticles and sweet flag extract ointment, prepared in a hydrophilic solvent. Wound shrinkage was observed daily and histopathological analysis was made and results were compared. Zinc oxide nanoparticles ointment showed the most satisfactory results for every parameter included in the study. No side effects of its topical application were observed. Healing was normal without any complications. The preparations of zinc oxide nanoparticles may help in the era of antibiotic resistance as topical drugs in the future.

Mxene composite fibers with advanced thermal management for inhibiting tumor recurrence and accelerating wound healing

Skin cancer is usually treated by surgical excision in the clinic. However, the unavoidable residual cancer cells and possible wound infection lead to a high tumor recurrence rate and slow wound recovery. Existing photothermal film materials tend to have a higher heat distribution on the upper surface than on the lower surface. This leads to low temperature on the lower surface attached to the skin that cannot produce effective photothermal effects. Herein, we designed a micro-nano effect combining Ti3C2Tx MXene and fibers, which produces a similar lens effect to regulate the heat generated on the upper surface transmitting to the lower surface of the fiber membrane. Due to its asymmetric and unidirectional thermal conductivity having been significantly promoted, the fiber membrane exhibits effective ablating residual cancer cells after surgical excision attached to the wound as a dressing, and thus effectively inhibits tumor growth. In addition, this thermal management fiber membrane also exhibits an excellent bactericidal effect, accelerating post-surgical wound healing without losing the property of preventing post-surgical tumor recurrence.

ATYPICAL PLASMA CELL GINGIVOSTOMATITIS: A RARE CASE REPORT

ATYPICAL PLASMA CELL GINGIVOSTOMATITIS: A RARE CASE REPORT

First 30 Days Wound-Related Complications in Young Smokers Following Primary Achilles Repair

The Achilles tendon is frequently injured in the young to middle aged population. Previous studies have shown that there is an increased risk of delay in postsurgical wound healing amongst tobacco smoking patients with Achilles tendon injury.This study utilized the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database. We included patients between the ages of 18 and 35 years who underwent primary Achilles tendon repair between years 2011 and 2020. The procedure type (with or without graft, CPT 27650 and 27652), patient demographics, and comorbidities were included. Primary outcomes of interest were 30-day readmission, minor complications, outcomes related to wound healing (wound disruption, superficial surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, organ-space site infections) and reoperations within 30 days of index surgery.A total of 1944 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. One thousand six hundred and fifty-nine patients were nonsmokers, while 285 were smokers. Logistic regression showed no differences between smokers and nonsmokers (reference group) for 30-day readmission, reoperation, and minor complications. However, Black non-Hispanic patients were found to be 0.3 times (95% confidence interval: 0.1, 0.98) as likely to develop minor complications as compared to the White non-Hispanic patients.Wound-related complications after Achilles tendon repair remain low in younger (18-35 years) patients. When comparing clinical outcomes between nonsmokers and smokers, we found no statistically significant difference in this retrospective study.

Healing of ExcisionAl wounds on Lower legs by Secondary intention (HEALS) cohort study. Part 2: feasibility data from a multicentre prospective observational cohort study to inform a future randomized controlled trial.

Compression therapy is considered beneficial for postsurgical lower leg wound healing by secondary intention; however, there is a lack of supportive evidence. To plan a randomized controlled trial (RCT), suitable data are needed. To determine the feasibility of recruitment and estimate recruitment rate; to understand the standard postoperative wound management pathway; to determine uptake of optional additional clinic visits for healing confirmation; and to explore patient acceptability of compression bandaging and plan a future RCT. Participant recruitment was performed from secondary care dermatology clinics, during a period of 22 months. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, planned excision of keratinocyte cancer on the lower leg with healing by secondary intention and an ankle-brachial pressure index of ≥ 0.8. Exclusion criteria were planned primary closure/graft or flap; inability to receive, comply with or tolerate high compression; planned compression; or suspected melanoma. Patients were followed up weekly (maximum 6 months) in secondary care clinics and/or by telephone. Information was collected on healthcare resource use, unplanned compression, wound healing and an optional clinic visit to confirm healing. This study recruited 58 patients from 9 secondary care dermatology clinics over 22 months. Mean recruitment/centre/month was 0.8 (range 0.1-2.3). Four centres had dedicated Research Nurse support. The analysis population (n = 53) had weekly follow-up assessments. Standard care clinical contacts were: general practitioner (7 visits; 1.2%), community nurse (169; 28.5%), practice nurse visits (189; 31.8%) and dermatology clinic visits (138; 23.2%). Participants whose wounds healed (34 of 45; 75.6%) attended an optional clinic visit. Data were obtained to inform a future RCT. Recruitment rates were found to be higher in centres with dedicated research support. People would be willing to take part in a trial and attend a confirmation of healing visit.

A Clinical and Economic Evaluation of ORIF Management for Calcaneal Fractures with and without Adjunctive Umbilical Cord

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The number of calcaneus fractures per year continues to increase in the United States, resulting in an increased number of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)procedures to repair these injuries. These surgeries are notorious for post-operative complications, including post-surgical wound healing problems that occur in 16 to 43% of patients. Umbilical cord (UC) allograft has anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring properties and has been shown to promote healing of cutaneous wounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic outcomes related to wound complications after ORIF management of calcaneal fractures with and without adjunctive UC. Methods: A clinical and economic evaluation was performed based on information pertaining to ORIF management obtained from the published literature and our previous clinical data of ORIF for calcaneal fractures with (n=20) and without adjunctive UC (n=20). Results: After ORIF for calcaneal fractures, 10% of patients that received adjunctive UC required wound care compared to 35% of patients didn't receive the adjunctive treatment. Similarly, the readmission and reoperation rate were higher in the control group compared to the UC treatment group (30% vs 10%, respectively). Available cost-effectiveness data demonstrated that treatment with UC results in an average cost-savings of $2,775.50 per person over a five-year period (total cost of $330, 500 vs. $386,010 in the UC and control group, respectively). Using available data that includes costs incurred from time off work, adjunctive UC allograft treatment resulted in an average cost-savings of $14,377.50 per patient over a four-year period (total cost of $704,260 vs. $991,810 in the UC and control group, respectively). Conclusion: Wound complications remain a significant burden to patient recovery and an economic burden to payors and providers. Based on our observed complications rates, adjunctive use of UC during ORIF management of calcaneal fractures may not only decrease wound complications but also reduce socioeconomic costs.

Iota carrageenan gold-silver NPs photothermal hydrogel for tumor postsurgical anti-recurrence and wound healing

Tumor surgery is often accompanied by tumor residue, tissue defects, bleeding, and bacterial infection, which can easily cause tumor recurrence, low survival rates, and delay wound healing. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel (CA-AuAgNPs-Gel) was developed to prevent tumor recurrence and promote wound healing after tumor surgery in the absence of chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics. CA-AuAgNPs-Gel was prepared using iota carrageenan (CA)-capped gold‑silver nanoparticles (CA-AuAgNPs) and poloxamer 407 (F127), which exhibited good biocompatibility, injectability, and near-infrared (NIR) photothermal responsiveness. CA-AuAgNPs-Gel inhibited the growth of 4T1 breast cancer in situ and the recurrence of surgically resected B16F10 melanoma. It also effectively stopped bleeding and promoted tumor postsurgical wound healing in vivo. Importantly, CA-AuAgNPs-Gel induced tumor apoptosis via photothermal-induced hyperthermia and immunogenic cell death (ICD) under NIR laser radiation. Collectively, this hydrogel shows significant clinical application prospects for inhibiting tumor recurrence and promoting wound healing for postsurgical tumor treatment.

Epigenetic drugs induce the potency of classic chemotherapy, suppress post-treatment re-growth of breast cancer, but preserve the wound healing ability of stem cells

ABSTRACT Epigenetic therapy augments neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer and may aid post-surgical wound healing affected by NACT. Our study investigates: (1) The cytotoxicity of classic paclitaxel chemotherapy on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) independently and in combination with epigenetic drugs. (2) The sustainable inhibition of breast cancer regrowth following paclitaxel and epigenetic therapies. (3) The effects of paclitaxel with and without epigenetic therapy on the post-treatment viability and wound healing potential of adipose stem cells (ASCs). Cytotoxicity assays were performed on TNBC and ASCs. Cells were treated and recovered in drug-free medium. Cell viability was measured via cell counts and MTT assays. W -ound healing was tested with scratch assays. The combination of epigenetic drugs shows increased toxicity against TNBC cells compared to standard chemotherapy alone. Moreover, the combination of paclitaxel with epigenetic treatments causes cancer toxicity that is sustainable to TNBC cells after the drugs’ removal with minimal effect on ASCs wound healing ability. The use of epigenetic drugs in addition to standard chemotherapy is cytotoxic to TNBC cells and prevents post-treatment recovery of TNBC while maintaining ASC wound healing ability. This strategy may be useful in maximizing post-surgical wound healing following NACT in TNBC.

Use of 'Aminogam Gel' to fast the wound healing in dogs after the surgical curettage of injured penis.

BackgroundAminogam gel is used in human patients to accelerate the post‐surgical wound healing process of soft oral tissues (e.g. after teeth extraction or oral laser surgery). For this reason and because of the histological affinity between oral and genital mucosa, Aminogam Gel was applied on the dog's penile mucosa to evaluate wound healing after traumatic lesion.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare conventional therapy (using only oral medications) to topic application of ‘Aminogam Gel’ in order to determine which is better to accelerate the healing process of canine penis injuries.MethodsFor this study, 12 male dogs with an injured penis and traumatic paraphimosis were selected. All patients had traumatic penis injuries due to unsuccessful mating attempts and consequent trauma (continuous licking). The dogs underwent surgical curettage of necrotic areas. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: a control group treated with routine therapy and a group treated with Aminogam Gel as an adjuvant for the scarring process. We assessed wound status and tracked healing using the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool.ResultsDogs treated with Aminogam Gel therapy healed faster than dogs treated with traditional therapy alone.DiscussionAminogam Gel is a valid auxiliary drug to accelerate wound healing after penis surgery. This is especially important for breeding dogs, for whom rapid and complete healing of the penis is important for returning to normal reproductive activities.

The Role of Regenerative Medicine in Wound Healing in Cases of Vesicovaginal Fistulae

Background: Post-surgical wound healing in cases of vesicovaginal fistulae is a challenge because it is related to infection prevention and the long-term well-being of women.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of this research was to critically review the application of regenerative medicine in wound healing. The next aim was to look in depth to see whether regenerative medicine strategies have a place in the future of wound healing in a clinical setting. More specifically, to see if these strategies would apply for vesico vaginal fistulae case in the field of urogynecology.&#x0D; Method: A narrative literature review examines several previous research published at the last 5 years, containing keywords, namely vesicovaginal fistulae, regenerative medicine, wound healing. We used databases from Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus Database.&#x0D; Results: A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina. There are currently no precise guidelines for the postoperative management of patients after fistula repair. Transvaginal surgical procedures are a common solution for vesicovaginal fistulas. In wound healing, more attention is needed because of the risk of infection especially wound healing in the area of ​​​​the reproductive organs. It should also be noted that stress urinary incontinence is a common complication. Several studies have initiated the trial process of regenerative medicine for using in urogynecological cases.&#x0D; Conclusion: In the management of vesico vaginal fistula cases, regenerative medicine can be a solution in postoperative care but still needs further development and standardization.&#x0D; Keywords: placenta, urogynecology, regenerative medicine