Post-stroke Period Research Articles

Comparative study of the neuroprotective potential of semaglutide injectable preparations in experimental ischemic stroke

Introduction. Stroke remains one of the major causes of death in type diabetes mellitus (DM). Injectable form of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide, Ozempic® decreases the stroke risk. In Russia there appeared a biosimilar Semavic® but its effects on the brain are not yet studied.Aim. To compare neuroprotective properties of Semavic® and Ozempic® while used before ischemic stroke in rats without DM.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in male Wistar rats that were divided into the following groups: “Control” (n = 10) – 0.9% NaCl, “MET” (n = 9) – metformin 200 mg/kg once daily per os, “Ozempic” (n = 10) – Ozempic® 0.012 mg/kg s.c. once daily, “Semavic” (n = 9) – Semavic® 0.012 mg/kg s.c. once daily. After 7 days ischemic stroke was modelled, after 48 hour of reperfusion neurological deficit and brain damage volume were evaluated. Glycemia was measured on the 3rd, 7th days as well as during and after ischemia.Results. None of the study drugs caused hypoglycemia including in poststroke period. Neurological deficit in “MET” group did not differ from that in the “Control” (11.00 [6.50; 12.50] and 10.0 [6.25; 12.00] scores). Both semaglutide drugs caused comparable improvement in neurological status (14.00 [12.00; 18.00] and 14.00 [11.00; 18.00] scores in “Ozempic” and “Semavic” groups). Brain necrosis volume in “Control” group was 16.60 [13.40; 28.58] %. All the study drugs had infarct-limiting effect but brain damage volume in “Ozempic” (6.00 [4.32; 8.44] %) and “Semavic” (7.69 [2.99; 11.33] %) was smaller than in “MET” group (13.07 [8.67; 29.94] %). There were no differences between semaglutide drugs.Conclusions. Biosimilar Semavic® and original Ozempic® demonstrate comparable neuroprotective effect while used in animals without DM prior to ischemic stroke modelling. This protective effect is not due to the drugs’ influence on glycemic profile.

THE EFFECT OF THE REHABILITATION AND PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF POST-STROKE PATIENTS

The article examines the impact of a physical rehabilitation program on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system in elderly patients who have suffered an intracerebral stroke and are in the conditions of a neurorehabilitation center in the early post-stroke period. Before the implementation of the program, post-stroke patients have pronounced walking disorders and a pronounced dependence on external assistance. The aim of the articale is to reveal the effectiveness of the physical rehabilitation program for post-stroke patients in the early recovery period. Results. Features of hemodynamic adaptation in post-stroke patients in the conditions of the rehabilitation center were revealed. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was found that post-stroke patients had concomitant diseases: chronic heart failure and arterial hypertension in all studied patients, diabetes – in 20% of patients. All these conditions were taken into account during the selection of optimal means of the program physical rehabilitation. After completing the program, patients became more independent and needed less daily assistance, and also mastered such a vital and necessary skill as walking. This is confirmed by tests of functional status (Bartel index, Rivermead) and assessment of independent walking (Hauser walking index). The level of disability according to the Rankin scale decreased by 20%, the Rivermead mobility index increased by 50.6%, the Barthel index of daily activity increased by 13.5%, the Hauser walking index increased by 31.8%, the range of motion in the joints of the limbs also increased, the level of spasticity according to the modified Ashworth scale decreased by 22.5% in the in the upper and lower extremities, the strength according to the MRCS scale increased, in the extremities by 20%. Thus, after completing the rehabilitation program, all patients observed a increase in paretic muscle strength, decreased muscle spasticity tone, and improved range of motion in the joints. Implementation of the physical rehabilitation program resulted in a significant increase in MRCS muscle strength in the limbs by 20% (p < 0.01). After completing the program, patients became more independent and needed less daily assistance, as well as mastered such a vital and necessary skill as walking. This is confirmed by tests of functional status (Bartel index, Rivermead) and assessment of independent walking (Hauser walking index). The level of disability according to the Rankin scale decreased by 20%, the Rivermead mobility index increased by 50.6%, the Barthel daily activity index increased by 13.5%, the Hauser walking index increased by 31.8%, the range of motion in the joints of the upper and of the lower limbs also increased, the level of spasticity according to the modified Ashworth scale decreased by 22.5% in the upper limb and by 20% in the upper and of the lower limbs, the strength according to the MRCS scale increased, in the limbs by 20%. Patients were able to move with little resistance. The effect of the rehabilitation program and physical therapy is evident in the increase in paretic muscle strength, reduction in spasticity, and increase in joint range of motion. Most patients regained the ability to walk, which contributed to increasing their level of independence. In general, the research results obtained after the implementation of the selected means of physical rehabilitation indicate the effectiveness of such a program.

An observational study on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acute stroke patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are common complications post-stroke. The UK stroke guidelines recommend the early use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs). At our center, we noticed poor compliance with the use of these devices and sought to develop a pathway for early implementation of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) instead. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 2351 patients in two separate groups and compared both groups to check the incidence of PEs and DVTs as stated on the discharge documentation. Group A consists of 1599 patients who used IPCDs as VTE prophylaxis, whereas Group B involved 752 patients who were placed on the new VTE prophylaxis protocol, which involved the early use of LMWH with enoxaparin delivered subcutaneously. It was observed that IPCDs were not well tolerated by patients, leading to poor compliance with VTE prophylaxis in Group A. VTE compliance was noted to be better in Group B in which the patients were given LMWH in the hospital. Furthermore, symptomatic DVT and PE were not found to be higher in Group B patients, but in fact, the incidence of these conditions was lower in this group. In conclusion, compared to IPCDs, LMWH appears to be well tolerated by patients during the admission period owing to acute stroke. It was observed that the incidence of VTE was reduced in patients who started on early LMWH in the post-stroke period. However, the long-term effects of LMWH prophylaxis, in terms of mortality and morbidity, need to be delineated. Therefore, an additional large trial on the early use of LMWH in comparison to IPCDs is warranted.

Population-based cohort across stroke life course in India-The NIMHANS-NH-SKAN stroke project: A study protocol.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In India, it is the fourth leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of disability, posing a major public health concern. National surveys reveal an increasing trend in stroke risk factors such as tobacco use, physical activity, alcohol use, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, knowledge regarding the combined effect of these risk factors and their various combinations is limited. Understanding the individual, combined, and synergistic effects of known risk factors, along with new risk factors, is essential to address gaps in stroke epidemiology. This study aims to examine the effect of various risk factors of acute stroke and their association with stroke occurrence and its outcomes (survival, disability and quality of life). This retrospective-prospective cohort will be conducted in one taluka of Kolara district and two urban wards of Bengaluru with a total population of ~400,000. All stroke-free individuals above 30 years of age ~200,000 individuals in the selected sites will be participants of stroke-free period and all first ever stroke patients in the community will be part of stroke and post-stroke period respectively. The study subjects will be recruited through a complete house-to-house survey at baseline and undergo annual follow-ups during the stroke-free period, with specific assessments at defined time points during the stroke and post-stroke period for a period of one year. Efforts are implemented to minimize loss to follow-up, including community engagement, a helpline number, and hospital-based surveillance. This large population-based cohort study addressing stroke epidemiology in the country, is one -of-its-kind, attempting to fill certain critical gaps in the natural history, management, and outcomes of stroke in India. This research has the potential to provide important insights into the effect of novel risk factors of stroke and various combinations of risk factors of stroke. Furthermore, the development of a stroke risk predictability calculator will add value to the existing Indian National Programme for Prevention & Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) and offers a model for similar countries once developed.

Mortality and Place of Residence One Year Post Stroke in an Irish Cohort

Abstract Background Transition from hospital to community post stroke is a critical period in a patient's recovery. Understanding where post-stroke patients are living a year after discharge can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of discharge planning and rehabilitation strategies. We aimed to identify location of patients one year post stroke and examine the influences on that location. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of stroke patients admitted to an acute hospital over a one-year period. Data on demographics, function, length of stay, stroke severity, mortality and discharge location were obtained from the in-hospital stroke registry. Patients were interviewed one year post stroke and follow up data on place of residence obtained. Results 260 strokes occurred during the 1-year period. 11% died as inpatients and 5% were uncontactable leaving 206 stroke patients included in this study. Twenty-five patients (12%) died between discharge and 1 year follow up. 150 (73%) returned home post discharge rising to 157 (76%) one year post stroke. 32 (16%) were discharged to nursing homes falling to 22 (11%) at one year. Patients in nursing homes were older (80 vs 68 years, p = 0.001), had longer inpatient stays (37 vs 9 days, p = 0.000) and had higher Modified Rankin Scores (5 vs 2, p=0.0001). Conclusion Almost one in four stroke patients died within the first year of stroke consistent with international data. Mortality was highest in the acute post stroke period, but half of all deaths occurred post hospital discharge highlighting the importance of secondary vascular prevention and advanced care planning in this population. Older age, higher functional dependence and longer length of hospital stay were all associated with nursing home admission. Post stroke morbidity and mortality remains high after hospital discharge. Further study is needed to understand cause of death in the post discharge period in this population.

Hemorheological parameters during rehabilitation with transcranial micropolarization in patients in the early post-stroke recovery period.

Hemorheological parameters during rehabilitation with transcranial micropolarization in patients in the early post-stroke recovery period.

Proteomic Spectrum of Serum Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in the Post-Stroke Period.

Ischemic stroke (IS) and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Several strategies have been previously proposed to utilize exosomes for assessing the risk of IS-related diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate serum exosomal proteins in IS patients during the chronic post-stroke period and to search for their associations with the development of post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of serum exosomes of patients without post-stroke MCI (19 patients mean age 52.0±8.1 years) and patients with post-stroke MCI (11 patients, mean age 64.8±5.6 years) revealed significant differences in the levels of 62 proteins out of 186 identified. Increased levels of the proteins associated with immune system and decreased levels of the proteins involved in lipid metabolism were observed in the patients with MCI compared to the patients without MCI in the chronic post-stroke period. The obtained data suggest that the higher level of immune system activation in the patients during a relatively long period after IS may be one of the risk factors for the development of post-stroke cognitive disorders and suggest participation of exosomal transport in these processes.

ИНСУЛЬТ МЕНЕН ООРУГАН БЕЙТАПТАРДАГЫ ТЕРЕҢ ТАМЫР ТРОМБОЗУНУН ТОБОКЕЛДИК ФАКТОРЛОРУ ЖАНА БОЖОМОЛДООЛОРУ (ИЛИМИЙ АДАБИЯТТАРДЫ КАРАП ЧЫГУУ)

Currently there is no reliable evaluation system for predicting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the hospital after ischemic and even more – hemorrhagic stroke. Objective: to review current literature data on the verification of risk factors for the development of DVT in stroke patients and aggressive and early screening strategies in the early post-stroke period. Three fundamental factors underlie the development of DVT: damage to the venous wall, the tendency of blood to hypercoagulation and slow blood flow. Most of the factors that are more or less associated with the development of thromboembolic events revolve around these 3 elements. Typical factors were older age, female gender, changes in the levels of clinical and laboratory variables such as D-dimer or scores on the Berg equilibrium scale. An effective model of risk stratification for DVT at the hospital level after a stroke would be useful for identifying high-risk patients and for implementing individual preventive strategies, therefore further population studies are needed, including in Kyrgyzstan.

Benzodiazepine Initiation Effect on Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Post Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Despite guideline warnings, older acute ischemic stroke (AIS) survivors still receive benzodiazepines (BZD) for agitation, insomnia, and anxiety despite being linked to severe adverse effects, such as excessive somnolence and respiratory depression. Due to polypharmacy, drug metabolism, comorbidities, and complications during the sub-acute post-stroke period, older adults are more susceptible to these adverse effects. We examined the impact of receiving BZDs within 30 days post-discharge on survival among older Medicare beneficiaries after an AIS. Using the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) dataset, Traditional fee-for-service Medicare (TM) claims, and Part D Prescription Drug Event data, we analyzed a random 20% sample of TM beneficiaries aged 66 years or older who were hospitalized for AIS between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. Eligible beneficiaries were enrolled in Traditional Medicare Parts A, B, and D for at least 12 months before admission. We excluded beneficiaries who were prescribed a BZD within 90 days before hospitalization, passed away during their hospital stay, left against medical advice, or were discharged to institutional post-acute care. Our primary exposure was BZD initiation within 30 days post-discharge, and the primary outcome was 90-day mortality risk differences (RD) from discharge. We followed a trial emulation process involving cloning, weighting, and censoring, plus we used inverse-probability-of-censoring weighting to address confounding. In a sample of 47,421 beneficiaries, 826 (1.74%) initiated BZD within 30 days after discharge from stroke admission or before readmission, whichever occurred first, and 6,392 (13.48%) died within 90 days. Our study sample had a median age of 79, with an inter-quartile range (IQR) of 12, 55.3% female, 82.9% White, 10.1% Black, 1.7% Hispanic, 2.2% Asian, 0.4% American Native, 1.5% Other and 1.1% Unknown. After standardization based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, length of stay in inpatient, and baseline dementia, the estimated 90-day mortality risk was 159 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 155, 166) for the BZD initiation strategy and 133 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 132, 135) for the non-initiation strategy, with an RD of 26 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 22, 33). Subgroup analyses showed RDs of 0 events per 1,000 (95% CI: -4, 11) for patients aged 66-70, 3 events per 1,000 (95% CI: -1, 13) for patients aged 71-75, 10 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 3, 23) for patients aged 76-80, 27 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 21, 46) for patients aged 81-85, and 84 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 73, 106) for patients aged 86 years or older. RDs were 34 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 26, 48) and 20 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 11, 33) for males and females, respectively. RDs were 87 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 63, 112) for patients with baseline dementia and 18 events per 1,000 (95% CI: 13, 21) for patients without baseline dementia. Initiating BZDs within 30 days post-AIS discharge significantly increased the 90-day mortality risk among Medicare beneficiaries aged 76 and older and for those with baseline dementia. These findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of older adults, especially those with cognitive impairment, to the adverse effects of BZDs.

Racial disparities in functional outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke

BackgroundNon-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients experience increased prevalence of stroke risk factors and stroke incidence compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients. However, little is known about >90-day post-stroke functional outcomes following...

The Kinematics of 3D Arm Movements in Sub-Acute Stroke: Impaired Inter-Joint Coordination is Attributable to Both Weakness and Flexor Synergy Intrusion

Background It has long been of interest to characterize the components of the motor abnormality in the arm after stroke. One approach has been to decompose the hemiparesis phenotype into negative signs, such as weakness, and positive signs, such as intrusion of synergies. We sought to identify the contributions of weakness and flexor synergy to motor deficits in sub-acute stroke. Methods Thirty-three sub-acute post-stroke participants and 16 healthy controls performed two functional arm movements; one within flexor synergy (shoulder and elbow flexion), and the other outside flexor synergy (shoulder flexion and elbow extension). We analyzed upper limb 3D kinematics to assess both overall task performance and intrusion of pathological synergies. Weakness and spasticity were also measured. Results Both tasks produced similar impairments compared to controls. Analysis of elbow and shoulder multi-joint coordination patterns revealed intrusion of synergies in the out-of-synergy reaching task based on the time spent within a flexion-flexion pattern and the correlation between shoulder and elbow angles. Regression analysis indicated that both weakness and synergy intrusion contributed to motor impairment in the out-of-synergy reaching task. Notably, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was abnormal even when only weakness caused the impairment, cautioning that it is not a pure synergy scale. Conclusions Weakness and synergy intrusion contribute to motor deficits in the sub-acute post-stroke period. An abnormal FMA score cannot be assumed to be due to synergy intrusion. Careful kinematic analysis of naturalistic movements is required to better characterize the contribution of negative and positive signs to upper limb impairment after stroke.

Local neuronal sleep after stroke: The role of cortical bistability in brain reorganization

BackgroundAcute cerebral ischemia triggers a number of cellular mechanisms not only leading to excitotoxic cell death but also to enhanced neuroplasticity, facilitating neuronal reorganization and functional recovery. ObjectiveTransferring these cellular mechanisms to neurophysiological correlates adaptable to patients is crucial to promote recovery post-stroke. The combination of TMS and EEG constitutes a promising readout of neuronal network activity in stroke patients. MethodsWe used the combination of TMS and EEG to investigate the development of local signal processing and global network alterations in 40 stroke patients with motor deficits alongside neural reorganization from the acute to the chronic phase. ResultsWe show that the TMS-EEG response reflects information about reorganization and signal alterations associated with persistent motor deficits throughout the entire post-stroke period. In the early post-stroke phase and in a subgroup of patients with severe motor deficits, TMS applied to the lesioned motor cortex evoked a sleep-like slow wave response associated with a cortical off-period, a manifestation of cortical bistability, as well as a rapid disruption of the TMS-induced formation of causal network effects. Mechanistically, these phenomena were linked to lesions affecting ascending activating brainstem fibers. Of note, slow waves invariably vanished in the chronic phase, but were highly indicative of a poor functional outcome. ConclusionIn summary, we found evidence that transient effects of sleep-like slow waves and cortical bistability within ipsilesional M1 resulting in excessive inhibition may interfere with functional reorganization, leading to a less favorable functional outcome post-stroke, pointing to a new therapeutic target to improve recovery of function.

Health-related quality of life predictors for patients with stroke: A prospective longitudinal study of matched pairs of patients with stroke and family caregivers.

Patients with stroke require long-term rehabilitation for functional recovery and daily activities. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with stroke may deteriorate because of family caregivers' nonpreparedness and increased role burden. To investigate how caregivers' preparedness and sense of competence predict the HRQOL of patients with stroke. A prospective longitudinal study. The study population comprised patients with stroke who were hospitalized for rehabilitation and their family caregivers. A total of 158 patient-family caregiver dyads were recruited from June to September 2021. Data were collected at the initiation of rehabilitation therapy and upon discharge. Information about the characteristics of the family caregivers and patients with stroke and about the former's preparedness and sense of competence were collected at baseline. Furthermore, the HRQOL of patients with stroke was measured at baseline and upon discharge to evaluate the change. This study of matched pairs of patients and family caregivers demonstrated that the latter's caregiving preparedness and sense of competence predicted positive changes in patients' HRQOL. Family caregivers who were satisfied with their care recipients (patients) and had better recognition of the consequences of care involvement better predicted changes in patients' HRQOL. The findings of this study indicate the importance of family caregivers' caregiving preparedness and sense of competence in predicting changes in patients' HRQOL. Clinically, the findings of this study highlight the importance of assessing and supporting family caregivers in developing a strong caregiving preparedness and sense of competence and in understanding the implications of their role as caregivers as it may help improve patients' HRQOL. The integration of interventions that enhance caregiver satisfaction and awareness into clinical practice may result in a more comprehensive and effective patient care. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Previous studies have demonstrated that the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with stroke is influenced by sociodemographic factors, such as sex, age, marital status, pain, cognitive ability and activities of daily living. A substantial association was observed between caregivers' preparedness and the HRQOL of patients with stroke. However, few studies have examined the association between caregivers' sense of competence and the HRQOL of patients with stroke. The present study indicated that clinical nursing activity must include assessment and intervention of family caregivers to improve the HRQOL of patients with stroke. The family caregivers of patients with stroke hospitalized in the post-stroke period may experience a sense of sacrifice and limitation in their personal lives. Clinical nursing practice should assess family caregivers' caregiving preparedness and sense of competence to improve the HRQOL of patients with stroke. This study adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines and named the reporting method.

Association between sleep-disordered breathing and post-stroke fatigue in patients with ischemic stroke

ObjectivesPost-stroke fatigue (PSF) is common and often disabling. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent among stroke survivors and can cause fatigue. We explored the relationship between SDB and PSF over time. Materials and MethodsIschemic stroke (IS) patients within the BASIC project were offered SDB screening with a well-validated cardiopulmonary sleep apnea test at 0, 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-stroke. The primary exposure was the respiratory event index (REI; sum of apneas plus hypopneas per hour). The primary outcome was PSF, measured by the SF-36 vitality scale. Associations between REI and PSF were evaluated using linear regression including time-by-REI interactions, allowing the effect of REI to vary over time. ResultsOf the 411 IS patients who completed at least one outcome interview, 44 % were female, 61 % Mexican American (MA), 26 % non-Hispanic white, with a mean age of 64 (SD 10). Averaged across timepoints, REI was not associated with PSF. In a time-varying model, higher REI was associated with greater PSF at 3-months (β = 1.75, CI = 0.08, 3.43), but not at 6- or 12-months. Across timepoints, female sex, depressive symptoms, and comorbidity burden were associated with greater PSF, whereas MA ethnicity was associated with less PSF. ConclusionsHigher REI was associated with modestly greater PSF in the early post-stroke period, but no association was observed at 6 months and beyond. SDB may be a modest modifiable risk factor for early PSF, but its treatment is unlikely to have a substantial impact on long-term PSF. MA ethnicity seems to be protective against PSF.

DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF CEREBRAL PERFUSION BLOOD FLOW IN THE EARLY POST-STROKE PERIOD ACCORDING TO NON-CONTRAST MRI DATA

HighlightsThe non-contrast perfusion MR sequence pCASL (pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling) is a technique that allows specialist to quantify and trace the changes in cerebral blood flow in the early post-stroke period. At the same time, there is a change in perfusion indices not only in the ischemic stroke area, but also in visually intact areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the brain, which indicates the involvement of the blood supply area and the brain as a whole in the pathological process. The obtained data on the dynamics in perfusion, verified by the results of cognitive tests, open up the prospect of a comprehensive study of stroke as a complex brain disease with the possibility of predictive assessment of rehabilitation. Aim. To assess the dynamics of microcirculatory changes in the brain in the early post-stroke period by non-contrast perfusion MRI.Methods. The study included 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The patients were examined by 3T MRI using the following sequences: DWI-EPI, 3D FLAIR-SPIR, T2-TSE, T1W 3D-TFE, and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) on 1–3 days, 7–10 days and 3 months later after the manifestation of acute ischemic stroke. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was obtained in 4 supratentorial regions of the brain: in the ischemic stroke and contralateral areas, as well as in a visually intact area of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres (mL/100g/min).Results. In the ischemic stroke area, CBF increased from 19.86±5.69 (mean+Std) to 27.57±4.86 by first to the second examination, which was associated with the infusion therapy, local inflammatory response and compensatory reperfusion. By the 3rd examination CBF decreased to 14.48±3.66 (Student t-test, p<0.05), which reflects cystic and atrophic transformation of the affected area. In visually intact white matter of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, CBF increased from hypoperfused to normoperfused from the first to the third examination. There was a significant decrease (p<0.001) in tissue blood flow (by 54% for the 1st, 38% for the 2nd, 67% for the 3rd examination) in the ischemia area relative to intact parts of the brain.Conclusion. The pCASL allowed us to assess CBF in the post-stroke period in the ischemic area and in visually intact area, nevertheless, it requires additional pre- and postprocessing of data to obtain quantitative values. At the same time, we observed changes in perfusion in the ischemic stroke area, and in the visually intact areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the brain, indicating the involvement of the cerebral blood flow and brain as a whole in the pathological process.

PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED PEOPLE WHO HAVE SUFFERED A STROKE (EARLY PERIOD)

The aim - is to increase the effectiveness of the physical therapy program for patients with the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke with the help of differentiated application of rehabilitation measures depending on the severity of the neurological disorder and concomitant diseases. Materials and methods. 100 patients were observed in the neurorehabilitation center of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital. (50 men and 50 women, average age 63.57 ± 0.43 years) in the early post-stroke recovery period. All patients were clinically and neurologically examined according to a specially developed protocol according to modern scales - NIHSS, mRS on the 10th, 30th, 90th and 180th day of the disease and differentiated treatment in accordance with the standards and protocols of care for patients who have suffered a stroke. The patients were divided into four groups of 25 patients each. The first group included patients with hemorrhagic stroke, among whom the severity of post-stroke disorders was mild (NIHSS score ≤ 7 points), without concomitant diseases. The second group consisted of patients with a mild degree of post-stroke disorders (NIHSS score ≤7 points) and concomitant pathology (heart pathology, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the II stage). The third group included patients with intracerebral stroke, among whom the severity of post-stroke disorders was moderate and obvious (NIHSS score > 7 points), without concomitant pathology. The fourth group consisted of patients with moderate severity of post-stroke disorders (NIHSS status > 7 points) and accompanying pathology. A statistical analysis of the use of descriptive statistics methods was carried out. The relationship between qualitative features was assessed using the χ2Pearson test. The results. According to the results of treatment, among the patients of group I, 20 patients (80.0%) (mRS index 0–2) had a favorable course. In group I, a relatively favorable result (mRS index ≥3 points) was achieved only in 5 patients (20.0%); in the II group, a positive result was achieved in 17 patients (72.0%), a relatively favorable result was achieved in 8 (28.0%); in group III - a favorable result was achieved in 15 patients (60.0%), relatively favorable - in 10 (40.0%), and in group IV - a favorable result was found only in 14 patients (56.0%), relatively favorable – in 11 (44.0%).
 Conclusions. The assessment of the functional state of disabled people in the early period of a stroke made it possible to establish that the basis of their low motor activity lies in: walking disorders (41% of disabled people), balance functions (35.9%), a decrease in the strength and endurance indicators of muscle groups that have preserved their functionality, low level of adaptive potential of the circulatory system (56.4%), dysregulation of neuropsychological processes
 Differentiated application of the program of rehabilitation and physical therapy in post-stroke patients in different groups, taking into account the severity of neurological disorders of the recovery period and the selection of methods and methods of treatment, leads to a significant increase in the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.

Comparison of diffusion MRI methods in the study of structural reorganization of the brain in the early post-stroke period

Current research in the field of neuroimaging is focused on the possibilities of using data from various diffusion MR models: diffusion tensor visualization (DTI), diffusion-curtosis visualization (DKI), diffusion-spectral visualization (DSI), generalized q-sample visualization (GQI), Q-ball visualization (QBI) in the assessment reorganization of the brain. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of dynamic observation of post–stroke brain reorganization by diffusion MR models (DTI, DKI). Material and methods. Dynamic MR examination of the brain of 129 patients was performed on a Ingenia 3.0 T (Philips, Netherlands) on 1–3 days, 7–10 days, 3–4 months after the manifestation of stroke according to a routine protocol (DWI-EPI, FLAIR-SPIR, T2-WI, T1W-TFE) with DTI method. The stroke was verified and DTI, GQI, and DKI maps were built. Results and discussion It was showed that the fractional anisotropy (FA) of DTI significantly changed from 1–3 days to 7–10 days in the stroke area; the mean, axial and radial diffusions increased in the affected area over the three studies. For DKI model – the curtosis FA significantly changed in the lesion area by 3–4 months; the mean curtosis decreased by the second observation in the stroke area, axial curtosis decreased in the same area throughout all studies; radial kurtosis significantly increased in the affected area throughout the study. The results confirm the world data and also indicate that diffusion metrics can interpret the neuroplasticity of the brain in various diseases, however, this requires further study. The applied diffusion models indicated the reorganization of the ischemic area and the intact contralateral area. The use of diffusion models for the dynamic assessment is a promising direction in the study of the neuroplasticity mechanisms.

Alternate Day Fasting Leads to Improved Post-Stroke Motor Recovery in Mice

Background Caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity and recovery after neurological injury. In mice, we tested the hypothesis that caloric restriction can act post-stroke to enhance training-associated motor recovery. Methods Mice were trained to perform a skilled prehension task. We then induced a photothrombotic stroke in the caudal forelimb area, after which we retrained animals on the prehension task following an 8-day delay. Mice underwent either ad libitum feeding or alternate day fasting beginning 1-day after stroke and persisting for either 7 days or the entire post-stroke training period until sacrifice. Results Prior studies have shown that post-stroke recovery of prehension can occur if animals receive rehabilitative training during an early sensitive period but is incomplete if rehabilitative training is delayed. In contrast, we show complete recovery of prehension, despite a delay in rehabilitative training, when mice underwent alternate day fasting beginning 1-day post-stroke and persisting for either 7 days or the entire post-stroke training period until sacrifice. Recovery was independent of weight loss. Stroke volumes were similar across groups. Conclusions Post-stroke caloric restriction led to recovery of motor function independent of a protective effect on stroke volume. Prehension recovery improved even after ad libitum feeding was reinstituted suggesting that the observed motor recovery was not merely a motivational response. These data add to the growing evidence that post-stroke caloric restriction can enhance recovery.

Abstract 140: Sleep-Disordered Breathing Shortly After Stroke Does Not Predict Post-Stroke Fatigue at 3-months

Background: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and often disabling symptom, the causes of which are poorly understood. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent among stroke survivors, and can cause fatigue. We examined whether SDB measured shortly after stroke predicted PSF at 3-months, and thus whether SDB might represent an intervention target for the treatment/prevention of PSF. Methods: Ischemic stroke (IS) patients within the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project were identified through active and passive surveillance, and were offered SDB screening with a well-validated cardiopulmonary sleep apnea testing device. The primary exposure was the respiratory event index (REI; sum of apneas plus hypopneas per hour of recording), measured shortly after stroke. The primary outcome was PSF, measured 3-months post-stroke, using the SF-36 vitality scale. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline REI and 3-month PSF, adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors listed in the Table, which were obtained from chart review and interviews. Results: A total of 355 IS participants completed baseline SDB screening and 3-month PSF assessments from May 2016 to December 2019. Participants were 44% female, 60% Mexican American (MA), and had a median NIHSS of 2 (IQR: 1-5). Multivariable regression model results are presented in the Table. No association between baseline REI and 3-month PSF was observed in unadjusted (β=0.95, 95% CI=-1.16, 3.05) or fully adjusted models (β=0.66, 95% CI=-1.40, 2.73). In the fully adjusted model, female sex and depression were associated with greater fatigue, while older age and MA ethnicity were associated with less fatigue. Conclusions: SDB in the immediate post-stroke period, at least in this predominantly MA sample, does not predict PSF at 3-months. Though identification and treatment of post-stroke SDB may be important, these efforts are unlikely to impact PSF.

Abstract WMP31: Lifetime Trauma Exposure Types Are Linked to Stroke Recovery: Findings From the STRONG Study

Introduction: The STRONG (Stroke, sTress, RehabilitatiON, and Genetics) study has documented the role of cumulative lifetime stress/trauma exposure (LSE) in stroke recovery. Understanding the types of trauma most closely linked with functional outcomes may identify specific risk factors for stroke recovery. We examined specific types of life stress linked with functional and cognitive disability at 1-year post-stroke. Methods: Adults with a new stroke enrolled at 28 US sites were assessed 4 times over 1 year. Assessments included LSE 90 days post-stroke, and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), & Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (tMOCA) at 1-year post-stroke. Bivariate and multivariate analyses examined relationships among LSE and outcomes. Results: The 763 enrollees had age 63.1±14.9 yrs; initial NIHSS score 4 [2-9]; 41.2% Female; 69.4% White. Controlling for age, gender, race, and 3-mo NIHSS score, lifetime exposure to being raped was associated with worse SIS-ADL, mRS, and tMOCA scores 12-mo post-stroke. Several other LSE were also independently associated with worse 12-mo SIS-ADL scores: witnessing a family member be injured or killed, divorce, and emotional abuse. Having a loved one be seriously ill was associated with better 12-mo t-MOCA scores. These findings were robust when early post-stroke acute stress levels were also included in the model. Women were significantly more likely to report being raped, experiencing emotional abuse, and having a seriously ill loved one. Demographics were not significantly associated with divorce or witnessing a family member injured or killed. Conclusions: Assessing specific types of exposure to LSE early in the post-stroke period may help identify at-risk patients who might benefit from additional post-stroke support to enhance their long-term functional and cognitive abilities.