Postoperative radiotherapy has been widely used with the objective of improving local progression-free survival and possibly overall survival. In 1998, it was proven that post-operative radiotherapy had a deleterious effect for p N0 and p N1 and the question remains unresolved for N2. The absence of a complete preoperative assessment, a variable quality of excision, the absence of adjuvant chemotherapy and “old” radiotherapy could also explain these results. Even if the international LUNG ART trial, carried out with all current quality standards, showed a reduction of nearly 50% in locoregional relapses, the risk of systemic relapse is such, to which is added an increase in cardiopulmonary toxicities, that it did not show an improvement in Progression-Free Survival with conformal post-operative radiotherapy in patients operated on in stage IIIA pN2 patients with post-operative radiotherapy. Thus, postoperative radiotherapy should not be performed in all patients with N2 invasion. It can be discussed on a case-by-case basis in patients at high risk of relapse.In this “controversial” article, two visions are presented, with the discussion on subgroups of patients who may or may not benefit from postoperative radiotherapy and on the possible toxicities of the combined treatment.1877-1203/© 2022 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.