Postmodern Paradigm Research Articles

Cultural Contexts of the Formation of Science in the Social-Historical Context of Islamic Countries

Positivist definitions of science defined the relationship between culture and science as an external relationship and considered science free from cultural influences. Still, numerous researches and reflections conducted in the field of sociology and philosophy of science show the effective presence of culture in the context of science. By accepting such an influence, postmodern paradigms consider science as a cultural category and explain the relationship between science and culture in a way that leads to absolute epistemological relativity and the production of science under culture. The following article tries to answer the question of whether cultural contexts affected the formation of science in Islamic societies? The research methodology is focused on the common paradigms in the field of the relationship between science and culture with the documentary method and logical reasoning and in the framework of the philosophy of the cultural system and has finally explained the process of how these two influence each other.

Dekonstruksi Konsep Aset Berbasis Jalan Zuhud: Suatu Perlawanan Terhadap Materialisme

This research aims to deconstruct the concept of assets based on ascetic values. This type of research uses qualitative research. The paradigm used in this research is the postmodernism paradigm with a case study research design. The data source used is secondary, originating from literature studies and literature reviews related to the concept of assets and the concept of asceticism. This research found that the concept of assets based on asceticism is a complement and enjoyment of the world for humans in carrying out their lives as a trust obtained from human efforts and gifts from Allah SWT with the temporary owner of the assets being humans and the true owner namely Allah SWT who is always based on gratitude and fear. in every management. The theoretical implication of this article is to increase literacy regarding the meaning of the asset concept from a perspective that is different from the conventional perspective. The practical implications related to the results of this research can at least provide benefits to make accounting science useful for those who study it.

The unfinished existence of man

This article focuses on the term unfinished existence, accepted by both Christian and secular anthropology; however, both perspectives differ in their understanding of how to reach existential fulfillment. Acquiring such fullness implies a liberation, both external and internal, but the attainment of personal autonomy depends on which path of liberation is given priority. According to the contemporary philosopher, Byung-Chul Han, in the new postmodern paradigm, the oppression of the person intensifies when the fruits of technical-computer progress are internalized (self-optimization). When this praxis is established as a proposal for liberation and as a way of acquiring autonomy, the contradictory and devastating nature of self-aggrandizement becomes evident. The traditional path of theosis, especially if one considers the Steinian interpretation, not only seems reasonable but acquires a particular appeal, since for it, conversion is a complete reintegration of the individual person and is the path to the reconstruction of human community, i.e. social and political life including resilience, which is opposed to the destructive economic power of the liberal market.

An apology for utopia: on the return of utopian constructions to the mainstream sociological theorizing

Utopian thought, the aspiration toward idealized conditions, and the progression toward advancement have historically constituted a cornerstone of the modernist ethos. Sociology, as an intellectual offspring of the modern epoch, has inherently engaged with utopian constructs – directing its gaze towards conceivable societal futures. In the current era where global challenges – such as climate change, social inequality, and populist political movements – present complex social problems, the relevance of utopian thinking in sociology is underscored as a tool for envisioning transformative solutions. Nonetheless, contemporary developments within the discipline signal a marked attenuation of utopian fervor. This paper scrutinizes the factors contributing to the diminished enthusiasm for utopian speculations within sociological theory. The decline is largely attributed to a shift towards postmodern paradigms, characterized by skepticism towards grand narratives and a pervasive mid-20th-century critique of utopianism. Despite this, the heuristic value of utopian thinking as a methodological instrument for social analysis remains substantial. The central thesis advocates for a resurgence of utopian thought within sociological inquiry, proposing that its restoration functions as a potent critical apparatus. Amid pressing societal crises, sociological engagement with utopian ideals is not merely an academic exercise but a practical imperative. It empowers the discipline to envision alternative social configurations, articulate social aspirations, and pragmatically approach their realization. Utopian thought can stimulate innovative policy-making, encourage societal engagement, and help construct resilient social systems in the face of adversity. Presently, Russian sociology, reflective of broader global sociological trends, does not proffer a societal ideal, hence it navigates without direction, merely mapping and interpreting the existing social landscape. This trajectory has practical implications, potentially limiting the discipline’s ability to be prescriptive and proactive. Confronted with this reality, Russian sociologists – and the discipline more broadly – are urged to rekindle the utopian imagination as a pivotal component of their intellectual endeavor. In doing so, they may foster a renewed sense of direction and purpose in the discipline of sociology, making it all the more pertinent in addressing the multifaceted complexities of today’s world.

Paradigmatic reflections in cross-cultural management to make sense of a VUCA world

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the concept of VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) in the field of cross-cultural management.Design/methodology/approachThe related literature has been analysed from various paradigmatic lenses.FindingsAs the VUCA world concept originates from business circles, several key articles were published in non-academic journals. Two distinct groups of publications can be identified: consulting literature and academic literature on the VUCA world. While both consulting literature and academic literature about the VUCA world can be associated with functionalism, alternative research paradigms can easily accommodate new studies in connection with the VUCA world: interpretive, critical and postmodern works would fit the features of the VUCA world, along with multi-paradigm studies.Research limitations/implicationsIt is advisable to investigate emergent contemporary issues, often labelled VUCA, according to multiple paradigms and to conduct multi-paradigmatic research.Originality/valueWhile consulting literature on the VUCA world implicitly assumes functionalist paradigms, academic literature might provide alternative assumptions. Interpretative, critical and postmodern paradigms more accurately address the issues raised by VUCA.

The Magnified Reflection: Art, Sincerity, and Identity in Charlie Kaufman’s Synecdoche, New York

The American cultural thought of the 1990s appeared to withdraw from the previous postmodern paradigm. New Sincerity and post-postmodernism advocated for a change that, in contrast to the external attitude of irony, was rooted in a sense of sincerity and compassion for the drama of the human condition. The American cinema of the late 1990s was also affected by this trend, best represented by the films of Sofia Coppola, Paul Thomas Anderson, Wes Anderson, and Charlie Kaufman. This essay examines the ways Synecdoche, New York—Kaufman’s 2008 auteur film—explores the duties and challenges of the post-postmodern artist through the character of Caden Cotard. Although the film’s conclusion states that the ideal of the magnum opus and complete cognizability is illusory, only that can lead the artist to the sincerity of human connections—the sole reality of the contemporary simulated world.

Fra studienummer til hyrde for en menighed

According to Danish legislation theological candidates need to be examined by a bishop prior to ordination. The bishop’s examination in the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Denmark is part of the episcopal oversight. The article analyses the bishops’ theological reflections and practical experiences with episcopal examinations based on interviews. According to our Aristotelian analysis of interviews the bishops operate with a distinction between different forms of knowledge that reflects the Aristotelian epistêmê, technê and phronêsis. While candidates may not pass, instances are rare; typically, guidance or resubmission is offered if the bishop hesitates to give collats. In addition to our Aristotelian analysis, we consider a management theoretical perspective on the interviews, and this perspective shows that the bishops align closely with Lotte S. Lüscher’s definition of a postmodern paradigm of management. Further, we argue that Jürgen Habermas’ focus on a potential shift in a conversation might elucidate dynamics in the conversation between bishop and candidate. The power relationship is camouflaged in the form of conversation, and Habermas’ theory helps us to understand when the power relationship manifests itself.

On the issue of the concept of public sculpture in urban space

The subject of the study is the phenomenon of public sculpture. This topic is very relevant, as public sculpture causes extensive controversy, which involves sculptors, architects, urbanists, representatives of public organizations. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the place of public sculpture in the contours of the artistic and associative landscape of a modern city. The research methodology includes historical, cultural and cross-cultural analysis, a dialectical approach to assessing the trajectories of the aesthetics of public sculpture, as well as a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of public sculpture in modern public, including urban, spaces. As a result of the research, the historical genesis of the phenomenon of public sculpture was presented, the place of public sculpture in the postmodern paradigm was characterized, attention was paid to the problems of low performance quality, inappropriate installation sites in public urban space and the creation of visual noise. Refined scientific definitions of the concepts of social and public sculpture are proposed. I'd like to emphasize the importance of researching and defining the concepts of public and urban sculpture, as well as the need to develop methodological approaches for the management and evaluation of public sculpture. This article proposes an adaptation of the concept of an artistic and associative city landscape, which allows public sculpture to harmoniously fit into the urban environment. The use of a methodological approach will allow us to manage creative activity in this area and make the right decisions regarding the ordering, financing and placement of public sculpture in public spaces of cities.

ORIENTAL MOTIVES IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN LITERATURE: IDENTITY AND IDEOLOGY

The work is devoted to the study of the correlation between the motives, images, symbols, stereotypes and clichés existing in modern Ukrainian literature, which outline the Eastern philosophical tradition, and the formation and transformation of identity at different levels and types. The consideration is carried out in the context of the emergence of the latest Ukrainian myth as a basis for national ideology. The purpose of the research is to outline the paradoxical nature of the general reception and individual explications of oriental motifs in modern Ukrainian literature on the occasion of those segments that can be defined through the predications of genre or mass. The article outlines the peculiarities of the reflection of oriental motifs in modern Ukrainian literature related to the dominance of the aesthetic and philosophical influences of the paradigm of postmodernism in the national tradition during the last decades. It also notes the connection between the reception of oriental motifs in Ukrainian modern literature and the politicization of modern public discourse on the occasion of the meaning-making East-West dichotomy. Political and ideological contexts of literary discourse and speech practices acquire signs of ambivalence and function as symbolic constructions. The dual nature of the reception of the image and philosophy of the East in the Ukrainian literary tradition and mass consciousness of both the metaphysical East and the geopolitical East has been clarified. The direction of transformation of oriental motives and images in the mass consciousness and literary usus in the context of finding the identity of different types and levels of generality in Ukrainian society and culture is also recorded. The liminal type of culture correlates with a divided society, and as a result the rational-educational interpretation of the image of the East as the antithesis of the West interacts with the postmodern fusion and mutual determination of East and West.

Postmodernism Paradigm and its View on the Existence of Language

Objective: The emergence of postmodernism as a continuation and correction of the shortcomings of modernism is expected to provide new alternatives and complement the repertoire of human thinking, especially about the existence of language and culture. Although, in principle, all paradigms of thinking have their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper aims to examine the issues surrounding the postmodernism paradigm, which is focused on two main things, namely: the concept and basic principles of the paradigm and the view of the postmodern paradigm in relation to the existence of language phenomena. Method: Methodologically, this article is based on a literature study, which is conducted by identifying various theories related to postmodernism, to answer the problems that have been raised. Results and Discussion: From the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the postmodernism paradigm is an approach to philosophy, art and culture that emerged as a response to the ideas and values of modernism that were dominant in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Postmodernism rejects the idea that there is a single narrative or truth that can explain the world, and instead, emphasizes the diversity, complexity and relative nature of everything. Second, in the context of its view on language, postmodernism offers several perspectives, among which the key ones are openness to the plurality of languages, the destruction of the concept of binaries and oppositions, the importance of meta-narrative, and intertextuality. Postmodernism is present to provide an alternative to new ways of thinking in knowledge, especially by prioritizing the principle of respecting differences in plural particularities, as a counter to the thesis of modernism which believes in the importance of the principle of uniformity and universality. Research Implications: Studying the postmodernist paradigm and its views on language can open insight into the complexity and dynamics of language in various contexts. This influences how we understand the world, interact with others, and organize our knowledge. Originality/Value: The value and originality of the study of postmodernism and language paradigms lies in its ability to raise new questions, provoke critical thinking, and open space for new developments in various disciplines and cultural practices.

Trends in the study of the image of a modern man in the art of Russia at the beginning of the XXI century

The subject of the study is the consideration of modern trends in the study of fine art, in particular Russian portrait and narrative painting of the beginning of the XXI century. The object is scientific works related to various fields of the humanities, namely: art history, aesthetics, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, etc. Using their material, it is possible to show not only the difference in approaches to understanding the essence and role of the image of a modern person in the art process, but also to demonstrate the specifics of the artistic interpretation of this figurative system in the context of art criticism, cultural and philosophical issues. Such a study allows us to systematize existing ideas about the peculiarities of the development of anthropological subjects in the mainstream of contemporary fine art in modern Russia, to identify the main directions. The main methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach that allowed us to consider contemporary Russian art as a single system. This helped to compare the approaches of modern researchers analyzing the place and role of the human image in it. Through the postmodern paradigm of perception and interpretation of anthropological topics, to identify the essential features of the ideas of Russian scientists. Methods of art historical analysis were also used. The starting point of the research is that at the moment in Russian science there is a body of art history and cultural studies devoted to the development of contemporary art in the country. However, there are no works summarizing the existing experience of scientists and defining the main directions of scientific thought. In light of this, the scientific novelty of the article lies in expanding the understanding of the methodological apparatus necessary for the analysis of the anthropological trend in the visual arts of our time, which is a promising path for future research in this area. The most demanded conceptual philosophical and historical-cultural foundations for the analysis and solution of practical problems in the field of contemporary art in relation to the representation of the human image are identified. Empirical research material has been collected and analyzed.

Recycling as creation in postmodern music

Recycling music from the past has a long history and takes many forms: transcription, paraphrase, parody, simple allusion, quoting, sampling, borrowing, rewriting, recomposing... These practices have changed considerably with the emergence of the postmodern paradigm. Rewriting musical works may now be seen as a way of expressing creativity relegated to distortions and comments on “found objects”. Postmodern composers thus produce infinitely recyclable and adjustable artifacts, perfectly suited to wander the planetary networks and nourish the soundscapes of the future virtual universes set to supplant, if not to the real world.

«Камера – это глаз истории»: к вопросу о жанрообразующем потенциале фотографического экфрасиса в романе Г. Свифта “Out of This World”

The article deals with the role of photography in the novel Out of This World (1988) by the contemporary British writer G. Swift, which is not translated into Russian. The changed socio-cultural status of photography as an artefact is traced: from the ‘pencil of nature’ (G. F. Talbot) in the middle of the 19th century. to ‘simulacrum’ (L. Hatcheon) in the postmodern paradigm, implying ambiguity and variability in the ‘reading’ of a photographic image. Photography is presented in the novel at the main poetological levels: level of the plot, of the characters, spatiotemporal, narrative, motive-thematic levels. Photography allows one to ‘tell’ different types of stories: both family ones and those related to the tragic events of the 20th century. The protagonist of the novel, professional war photographer Harry Beach, creates photographs while in hot spots: Vietnam, Oran, Congo, etc. He does not only capture, but philosophically comprehends what is happening on the world stage. Photographs taken by Harry (in the form of photo-ekphrasis) are a historical photo chronicle, and he himself is a photo chronicler, presenting to the world the truthful documents that have an accusatory status. Harry realizes that it is a crime to ‘smooth out’ the cruel reality, especially in the age of modern media that abuse photo manipulation and are guided by the principle of replacing reality with simulacra. It seems possible to define the genre form of G. Swift's novel, based on a series of photographs (both personal and public), as a photo-ekphrastic novel and classify it as a so-called novel-photoreflection, which has been developed since the late 1970s.

Genealogija civilnog društva - savremena reinterpretacija koncepta

Starting from the exceptional importance of civil society for political/democratic theory, the paper critically analyzes its position in various theoretical discourses, trying to detect the most current changes in its understanding. Along these lines, the paper examines the premodern, modern and postmodern paradigms of civil society. The most important findings are that its interpretation must include: (1) cultural procedurality and diversity against the abstract and repressive given of the Western matrix; (2) the fact that externally controlled non-genuine non-governmental organizations of neoliberal civil society have weak support from citizens and a low level of responsibility; (3) dialogue with neo-traditional associations; and (4) the idea that civil society cannot be freed in a utopian manner from the redistribution of power, which implies its politicization, hierarchization and civil society elites.

Bathala comes back: Finding the New From the Old

This paper begins with unravelling the tenets of modernism versus the tenets of postmodernism and examines how the principles of the latter became popular especially with the onset of postcolonial studies. Applying these critical approaches to the study of religion can be a fraught exercise but can also prove enlightening in understanding the suppression and re-emergence of native religions in colonized spaces. The postmodernist paradigm can be utilized to critically evaluate factors that led to the emergence of various indigenization movements in societies that were once colonized, such as the Philippines. This study explores the revival of the ancient Filipino system of belief in Bathala, the Supreme God, through the interpretation of the symbols of Baybayin, the ancient Filipino system of writing. It finally addresses the need for an alternative discourse on the renaissance of the precolonial culture in the Philippines, particularly in the field of religion. Despite the subjectivity of postmodernism as a paradigm, the paper argues that an attempt to uncover the meaning of Bathala will help the present Filipino generation to understand and appreciate the roots of their spirituality.

Reimagining brand communication: Exploring the postmodern paradigm in marketing through a Polish jewellery brand

Reimagining brand communication: Exploring the postmodern paradigm in marketing through a Polish jewellery brand

Beyond Reproduction: An Epistemological Search for a “Woman” in Manjula Padmanabhan’s Escape and The Island of Lost Girls

Abstract Who is a woman? In a gender-fluid typical world, the answer to this question invites a serious exposition of non-linear and non-binary possibilities. As the biological definition becomes more inclusive of fragmented identities, it becomes extremely complicated to arrive at a simplistic, innocent truth of recognition. Within the third-world dynamics, this question invites more dimensions. Set against the backdrop of mass female genocide on the occasion of perfecting cloning, Manjula Padmanabhan in her works of futuristic dystopian fiction, Escape (2015) and The Island of Lost Girls (2017), has taken up this issue of womanhood and furtively trodden to arrive at a philosophical space that allows the modernist epistemological notion of a “woman” as a well-defined category to reincarnate within a postmodern paradigm to help locate women beyond the generic nuances of reproduction and menial labour. Through analysing the selective works, this research article aims at arriving close to the model of womanhood and depicting the plurality of truth in action.

Building Mini Narratives of Tourism in Bali as Innovations on Post-Pandemic Era: A Postmodernism Paradigm

The pandemic negatively impacted all aspects of human life, including tourism, which was even the worst affected, especially in Bali. This causes the legitimacy of the grand narrative of tourism to be delegitimized. This study aims to propose a paralogical idea, i.e. to build a mini-narrative as an innovation to overcome the fading legitimacy of tourism due to the pandemic. The deconstructive qualitative method is applied with heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods. Data were taken from texts contained in print media and non-print media employing observation, recording, and documentation, then analysed according to the research design by applying the theory of postmodernism. The results of the analysis show that the four forms of mini-narrative which are representing the characteristic of postmodernism namely appreciating nature, rising marginal, lessening idolization, and developing consciousness can be adopted as the concept of innovation in overcoming the fading legitimacy of tourism in the post-pandemic era.

BETWEEN THE PRE-MODERN ORAL PARADIGM AND THE MODERN LITERACY PARADIGM

This research aims to measure the extent to which PTIQ Jakarta University plays a role in modern literacy in the era of the visual-digital post-modern paradigm. To achieve this, the research applies a qualitative field research methodology with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of relevant documents to obtain specific and in-depth meanings without generalizing understanding. The research findings indicate that PTIQ Jakarta University has significant untapped potential to contribute to modern literacy in the era of the visual-digital post-modern paradigm. This potential is further enhanced by the university's ability to maintain its Islamic traditions, which is an important element in countering the negative impacts of both modern literacy and visual-digital post-modern paradigms.

Legal reflection of postmodernism on human behavior

The article characterizes the specifics of postmodernism and outlines the peculiarities of its legal reflection in human behavior. It is noted that postmodernism is a philosophical category that defines the moral and mental specificity of the era in general, it appears as a global, all-encompassing reflection on modern realities and changes that have occurred or are occurring in human life, consciousness, and behavior. The main feature of this new culture is concern about the position of the individual in modern society, in which there is a constant improvement of communicative means of legal, intellectual, worldview, and ideological mastery of a person. Postmodernism, on the one hand, rejects modernist legal and social values, and on the other hand, rethinks the legal and social matter of the past, borrowing and adapting previously developed forms.
 It was noted that postmodernism is expressed in the behavior of a person, his responsibility before the law, morals and ethics, the correlation of technical achievements with legal humanism (humanity and ideals of man), the development of a new ecological legal consciousness, the creation of a truly social democracy, which combines the principles of freedom, equality and justice Additional aspects of the postmodern paradigm are expressed in the development of post-materialist legal values, beliefs, norms and stereotypes of behavior. They are embodied in a new attitude to races and classes, to nature, the problem of war and peace, which is formed under the influence of new social movements: ecological, gender, peace movements. Hence, values are not lost, but their reorientation, adaptation to new social realities takes place.