Postmodern Worldview Research Articles

On the question of the periodization of the history of Western art criticism

The subject of the study is the Western historiography of the history of art from the middle of the XIX century to the present, the patterns that determined the nature of its development, general cultural and general scientific factors that determined the paradigm shift in art criticism. The time frame of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the emergence of scientific art studies, on the other hand, by the assertion of a postmodern worldview that denies the possibility of scientific study of any texts, including artistic ones. The paper examines the characteristics of each of the highlighted stages, as well as their relationship with the general trends in the development of humanitarian knowledge at each stage. Thus, the history of art is placed in a broad context of general scientific and general cultural processes, which makes it possible to identify and study the driving forces that determine the course of its development. The main method of research is the method of periodization, the criterion for which is the predominance of a particular methodology at a particular historical stage of the development of art studies. The paper proposes the following periodization of the history of art studies: 1. Pre-scientific art criticism (before XIX century). 2. The cultural and historical stage (XIX century). 3. Formal and stylistic stage (XX century). 4. The iconological stage (XX century). 5. Post-scientific art criticism (beginning of the XXI century). This classification allows us to present the history of scientific art studies as a natural and consistent process of changing dominant methodologies, starting with the formation of a scientific approach to the study of art and up to the present time, when the very possibility of its application was questioned by the postmodern worldview. The main factor determining the change of stages in the development of art criticism is a change in the general cultural situation, as well as a change in the prevailing paradigms in art knowledge.

The Conservative of the Spontaneous Order

Libertarianism itself does not hold a stance on moral issues and hence does not prevent libertarians from adopting culturally conservative or liberal positions. Though libertarianism has no position on cultural issues per se, this article argues that libertarians should intellectually oppose the ideas behind some of the current cultural developments in the West due to their constructivist nature. Based on Hayek’s critique of constructivism, I contend that many of the recent cultural shifts in society are influenced by rational constructivist ideas—namely, critical theory and deconstruction. These ideas pose an intellectual threat to libertarianism for two reasons: (1) They intellectually challenge the traditional libertarian view of the spontaneous origins of civil society, which they aim to reshape in favor of a structure that reflects a specific postmodern world view. (2) It remains uncertain how a libertarian society would function under a newly constructed social order that does not value free speech, property rights, and other fundamental principles of the current liberal order. The spontaneous order is the defining feature of libertarian social analysis, and it must be intellectually defended.

Representation of the lyrical "I" in the poetry by A. Podgornova

The multidimensional study of women's poetry is one of the promising strategies of modern Russian literary criticism, which allows us to reveal not only the tools of women's writing, but also the female mentality, feminine identity, and the peculiarities of reflection by a female author of the natural and social world. Among the female authors, a special place is occupied by the Erzya poet Alina Podgornova, whose works trace postmodern trends. The subject of the research in the article is the means of representing the lyrical "I" in the poet's poems. The purpose of the work is to analyze a number of the author's works, to determine the system of images through which the lyrical "I" is represented, to trace their conditioning by the postmodern worldview of the poetess. The material was composed of poems from the collections "Except rhymes", "Stranded" ("Thought"). The methodological basis of the work is determined by the structural and semantic analysis of the lyrical text, through which the structural components of the poetic image, its semantic organization, and symbolic semantics are described. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that, in the stated aspect, A. Podgornova's lyrics are for the first time considered and introduced into the context of Russian literary criticism. The article argues that the emotional and psychological state of the lyrical heroine A. Podgornova is due to the author's worldview and axiological concept, his perception of the world as chaos, moral apocalypse. The poetess's worldview is filled with negative social manifestations that destroy the spiritual and moral essence of a person, leveling universal values. The conclusions and provisions presented in the article expand the understanding of the state and development of modern Mordovian literature.

The didactic potential of the genre of family chronicles in the mass literature of Great Britain of the XXI century

The subject of the study is the British family chronicles created at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries by E. Howard, R. Pilcher, E. Rutherford, D. Lennox, G. Swift. These works are analyzed from the point of view of their didactic potential, which is understood here as the intention of translating ethical norms and values. This genre has become the pinnacle of the development of the English social novel. Its authors considered it their task to influence the reader in terms of educating a "moral sense" in him, assimilating ethical norms and understanding a distinct hierarchy of values. The classic of the genre was the "Saga of the Forsytes" by D. Galsworthy, which denied the norms of Victorian morality, and broadcast a new system of values and the idea of historical progress. The article examines the changes in the genre that appeared under the influence of the postmodern worldview. Comparative historical and typological methods of analysis are used to compare the genre dominants of family chronicles in the early twentieth century and their implementation at the turn of the twentieth and twenty first centuries. The novelty lies in the addition of ideas about the axiology of modern mass literature. At the end of the century, there was a revolution in public consciousness, which led to the fundamental destruction of any hierarchies in ethical terms and the denial of the very idea of a positive movement of history. The authors of modern family chronicles overcome the decentering of ethics. In most of the works they refer to the events of the Second World War. The very desire to recall these lessons of history and the unequivocal denial of the ideology of fascism is proof of the didactic potential of the novels in question. In addition, they create an idealized model of family life. The influence of the postmodern worldview is reflected in the non-linearity of artistic time, the fragmentation of depicted events, and the loss of the idea of historical progress. The analysis of the family chronicles of these authors allowed us to determine the formulas and stamps of the genre.

ПОСТМОДЕРНІСТСЬКЕ ПРОЧИТАННЯ МІСТЕРІЇ «НАРОДЖЕННЯ ЛЮДИНИ. ДОБРО І ЗЛО НА СВІТІ»: СПРОБА СУЧАСНОЇ РЕЦЕПЦІЇ ФІЛОСОФСЬКИХ І ПОЕТИКАЛЬНИХ ДОМІНАНТ ІВАНА ОГІЄНКА

Ivan Ohiienko, as a historical and creative personality from among those who formed the idea of Ukrainianness at the beginning of the 20th century, during the active national liberation struggles, in contrast to the harmful utopian ideas of Bolshevism, needs special attention in the stormy present. The toolkit of literary postmodernism provides rich opportunities for rereading previously written works. In the case of the philosophical mysteries of Ivan Ohienko, we are talking about those texts that were not noticed by critics at the time of publication and did not receive a thorough ideo-logical and textual analysis. Therefore, the approach proposed in the current study is partly compensatory regarding the proper appreciation of Metropolitan Hilarion’s works. Therefore, the article attempts to reread Ivan Ohienko’s mystery «The Birth of Man. Good and Evil in the world» in view of those semiotic, structural and poetic markers that enable the modern reception of ideological markers in the direction of the postmodern worldview paradigm, dominant for the modern reader. The integra-tion of the text into the modern philosophical, cultural, historical discourse based on the technique of careful reading is a winning solution in an eff ort to reasonably give the author’s philosophical mysteries a new life, but not using far-fetched journalistic generalizations, torn from the fabric of the text itself. The proposed method of text analysis, based on the technique of close reading, made it possible to identify numer-ous features that fully or partially correspond to the creative searches of modern post-modern authors, namely: the idea of the relativity of truth, the fullness of human life with suff ering, the idea of the futility of trying to know the world, the futility of scien-tifi c knowledge of the world, the harmful infl uence of the crowd on creative individu-alism, the abandonment of man in this world, the lack of a clear distinction between good and evil, truth and wrong, in particular due to the appropriation of the right to produce the truth (often it belongs to the crowd or a representative of the crowd), etc. In the spirit of deconstructivism, the author involuntarily constructed replicas of the forces of Evil more convincingly than the fi nal plot decision in favor of the dominant and fi nal victory of Good. At least the situation in the world today proves that, unlike the plot of the mystery, Evil has not lost the fi nal battle for the soul of Man, but is still winning in an unequal existential struggle. The use of this type of text analysis can be useful for re-reading the texts of other literary fi gures, important in the paradigm of culture-creating and nation-creating Ukrainian continuum.

Feminism against Progress

Feminism against Progress

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ФЭНТЕЗИ ЛЮ ЦЫСИНЯ «ЗАДАЧА ТРЁХ ТЕЛ»

Liu Cixin's social fantasy "The Task of Three Bodies" (“The Three-Body Problem” – English translation) is a reflection and scientific analysis, expressed in an artistic form, of the most important realities of the modern world: the increasing degree of political and ideological confrontation, gaining global proportions; the aggravation of the dispute between scientists and anti-scientists, develop-ing into socially destructive actions; the widespread use of gaming technologies to manipulate people's minds; promotion and con-solidation of postmodern worldview attitudes in the public consciousness, blurring the differences between science, game, fantasy, religion or everyday consciousness. Liu Cixin's book "The Task of Three Bodies" (“The Three-Body Problem”) is not just a certain social dystopia, but a deep content based on the latest scientific achievements, understanding of the past, present and possible future of human civilization. As a real threat to modern society, the Chinese philosopher considers the assertion of a "playful" attitude to reality, belittling the importance of real life and reformatting human consciousness into imaginary and often false meanings. The author focuses on the consideration of such aspects of understanding social being as ontological, methodological, socio-philosophical and politically sociological. The pur-pose of this article is to focus mainly on the methodological and ideological aspects of Liu Cixin's concept.

Knowledge management as a modern educational trend

This article discusses the essence of the educational process. The subject of the study is knowledge management as an emerging trend of systematization of effective factors in the development of education. Philosophical ideas of self-organization and involvement of holistic thinking, contextual vision of the situation in the educational process play a special role. The perspective of the development of education is connected with the peculiarities of the influence of globalist and postmodern worldviews on approaches to educational activities and knowledge management in general. The methodological basis of the study is a holistic approach to education. The formation of the unity of the educational process is connected with the distribution of educational initiatives on an equal footing between the teacher and the students of the higher school. The results of the study emphasize the need for the teacher to master the position of a creative manager in taking into account the many positions of self-education of students in the space of social communication management. In response, students as students need philosophical and psychological preparation for managing their education and a high level of reflection in controlling their ways of mastering knowledge and accompanying social relations. The novelty of the work lies in determining the role, necessity, area of responsibility and list of competencies of a creative manager – an expert in educational activities. It arises when there is a figurative connection among students and their adjustment to a contextual vision of the situation. The scope of application of the results is any educational process in which students are involved – from higher education to corporate training. The modern educational system must meet the challenges of digital reality with its ubiquity of information. The approach to student education should be refocused on the constant exchange of teacher-student roles between student and teacher. For the competent implementation of the exchange of roles, students must be properly prepared. The quality of education should be monitored by a special expert with the necessary competencies in the field of knowledge management.

Emerging apologetics Themes in contemporary African youth ministry: A Kenyan perspective

Contemporary Christian ministry and theological education in Africa cannot neglect her children and young people. Engaging effectively with the children and youth in Africa’s cities presents a rising challenge to scholars and practitioners. In addition to the developmental issues surrounding children and youth, there are worldview issues at play among young people. Urban African cities like Nairobi contain a mixture of African traditional religious worldviews, modern worldviews, and postmodern worldviews. This means that Christian ministry with the emerging generations will often take an apologetic mode. The scholarly literature on apologetics in the continent is scanty. Further, much of the research is merely theoretical and lacks empirical insight from practical ministry. This article will use an empirical methodology among African church leaders to collect salient themes in the discipline and practice of apologetics and draw conclusions for ministry and theological education.

Мистецькі практики в контексті культури

The article outlines the role of art in the context of culture. It is noted that it is constantly changing. The development of art is determined by various political, ideological, economic, and technological factors. Worldview and religious components that determine the theme and nature of artistic practices play an equally important role. The emergence of technologies affects the emergence of new types of art or changes in existing ones. Moreover, the level of technological innovation is extremely different. On the one hand, the appearance of other paints is possible, which will affect the use of a different surface, change the nature of strokes, and the duration of preservation of the finished art product. On the other hand, the formation of certain innovations in technologies can become a reason for a global change not only in the external, but also in the design features of products. The change of art, the appearance of new types and styles is also accompanied by the genre transformation of already existing works. If we trace the functioning of artistic practices in the context of culture, it can be noted that priority was given to those that had a synthetic nature. The appeal to various senses became a guarantee of audience interest. The spectacle took various forms in human history, from the first syncretic acts to full-fledged theatrical performances. In this series, such musical and theatrical genres as opera and ballet, later operetta, musical, rock opera, etc., were formed. Their functioning was due to the growing need to create more effective and fashionable forms. Even long before the emergence of the postmodern worldview, the process of adapting genres to the needs of society took place. It was accompanied by a number of transformations of works from one genre to another. This process has a permanent character, because art reflects everything that happens in society. At the same time, it is ambivalently aimed at other cultural factors, because art influences the formation of a new worldview, often determines the vector of economic development, etc. Artistic practices cannot exist separately from other cultural components. Being a tool of propaganda or acting as a recorder of historical events, art has a significant level of involvement, in which the freedom of the artist is quite relative. Therefore, art should be considered not only as a certain self-value that exists by itself, but as part of a single process of human development.

Personality transformations of the modern age: from a postmodern individual to a spiritually mature citizen

The study includes the analysis of the spiritual foundations of modern socio-political events in Ukraine and the world in the context of personality transformations of the XXI century. Given that today our country is at the epicenter of awareness and defense of the core values of mankind, this article is primarily about the urgency of protecting universal spiritual values and the best, most important features of a worthy personality in the civilized world. The spiritual values of mankind have crystallized throughout historical practice and are preserved in the Holy Books of all nations of the world. They are the same for all nations and ethnic groups, although due to certain odious historical conflicts and due to certain odious leaders, these values have been distorted and discouraged in the minds of entire nations lost in the paths of history. The article considers the socio-ethical aspects of personality transformations of today. It continues with a review of the specific features of a modern individual belonging to a developed civilized society, which has long been free of acute social problems and international conflicts. The author provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of a man of the civilized world and a zombie person of the totalitarian regime. It is emphasized in the study that today, in extremely difficult circumstances, Ukrainians are confidently holding on the edge of a cliff dividing the world’s civilized and barbaric territories. The whole united Ukrainian people, our youth are confident in those universal human values that we protect at a heavy price. By now, the civilized world has woken up from its complacent lethargy, realizing the dangers of an unreflective crowd. Ukrainian soldiers, volunteers, politicians - all Ukrainians rose to fight for the defense of their own ethno-national achievements and values, as well as for the restoration of the universal axiological core, for freedom and democracy. The latest experience of Ukrainian citizens has gradually reduced the relevance of relative postmodern worldview models. Ukrainians have restored a transparent, stable and reliable moral image of the representative of modern youth: an intellectual and optimistic patriot.

“The Apotheosis of Groundlessness” or L. Shestov’s Ideas in the Context of the Postmodern Worldview

“The Apotheosis of Groundlessness” or L. Shestov’s Ideas in the Context of the Postmodern Worldview

Maryna Denysenko-Sapmaz’s aesthetics in the cultural creation processes of Ukraine at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries

For the first time in Ukrainian musicology, an attempt was made at a creative portrait of the composer Maryna Denysenko-Sapmaz, the main stages of formation of her creative personality were outlined, a panoramic review of significant works in her creative biography was offered. Analytical observations allowed generalizations about the orientations of her musical aesthetics, including the postmodern worldview, the tendency to combine neo-styles, openness to technological experiments and avant-garde research in various composition techniques, synthesizing the principles of European and Eastern musical thinking, using new performing techniques. instruments and voices, paying great attention to the spatial qualities of timbre and sound. A special feature of M. Denysenko-Sapmaz's aesthetics is the presence of the Ukrainian national element in her works in various aspects from direct citation of folk music epic, author's adaptations of Ukrainian carols and Christmas songs in the early period to more indirect forms of work with folklore material in the mature period of creativity such as stylization, input of specific Ukrainian instruments to the score, special lyrical intonation which originated in Ukrainian songs.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЖИВОПИСУ У ПОСТМОДЕРНІСТСЬКОМУ ВИМІРІ

The purpose of the study is to identify the postmodernism principles' influence on formation of the distinctive features of Ukrainian painting in the XXIstсentury. Methodology. The research uses a culturological approach to consider postmodernism as a creative method and factor that influences the activities of Ukrainian artists. Formal-stylistic analysis is applied to clarify the connection between creative practices and the principles of postmodernism and to determine their features as well.Results.The analysis of Ukrainian artists' painting practice of the XXI century in the context of the postmodern worldview was carried out. The study focuses on postmodernism as a factor in the development of various artistic styles. The artistic and stylistic features of painting over recent years in Ukraine were analyzed. There was revealed the natural influence of postmodernist principles on domestic painting, characterized by the features of postmodernism, which is manifested in a variety of areas (conceptualism, transavant-garde, contemporary, etc.) and syncretism in art. Although the latest painting practices are integrating into European culture and tend to the Western European tradition, Ukrainian art still saves its distinguishing features. It was found that a feature of Ukrainian postmodernism is the conceptualization of painting, the introduction of deep content into a new format of painting and the synthesis of traditional fine art and new technologies. Scientific novelty lies in the identification of the main distinctive features and patterns of Ukrainian postmodern painting development. The practical significance. Presented results aid to trace postmodernism as a factor of influence on the peculiarities of the formation of new directions in Ukrainian painting practices, which can be used as a theoretical basis for further art criticism analysis of contemporary painting.

Anthropocentricity of art journalism in the conditions of modern society

The article discusses the main characteristics of modern art journalism, which allow us to assert its anthropocentricity. It is proved that the subject of creativity, which creates artistic images, as well as the work itself as a reflection of the value picture of the artist's world, his worldview and ideological concept are the subject of reception and analysis of art journalism. The anthropocentricity of art journalism as a whole is obvious because art itself is anthropocentric. However, in modern conditions of globalization and the development of postmodern worldview, the anthropocentricity of art journalism is undergoing certain transformations. The specificity of art discourse lies, first of all, in a pronounced appraisal and authorial modality, and the very representation of a work of art in a media text is determined by the level of professionalism and the degree of talent of its producer, as well as the social recognition of the artist and the very status of the work of art, determined by the interest of the public in it, the artist's innovation, the demand for a particular genre in the art industry. In the text-discursive space of mass art journalism, one can find the most revealing cases of interaction between institutional, professional and everyday discourses, which, on the one hand, significantly characterizes modern art journalism from the standpoint of its anthropocentricity, and on the other hand, allows us to evaluate the dynamic transformations inherent in it in postmodern conditions. The postmodern worldview deprives the art discourse of any stable coordinates in terms of terminology or the presence of professional art criticism competencies in an art journalist. A positive assessment in the discourse of art journalism is aimed at reflecting success, the predominance of the best qualities in the interpreted object, which is further enhanced by the use of art criticism terminological apparatus, however, texts with ambiguous evaluation and authorial modality are also presented in the text-discursive space.

Pedagogical and philosophical in postmodern philosophical discourse: the world as text

The main purpose of the study is to determine the historical and pedagogical aspects of philosophical discourse. The difficulty in defining history as a scientific discipline is explained by the fact that this term is ambiguous and can be found in the scientific literature in three meanings. First of all, history is a certain entity, a substance, which unfolds its existence in time. A similar interpretation of history is close to speculative concepts of the philosophy of history. The ideas examined in the article indicate the presence in the modern scientific discourse of a polylogue, a dialogue of cultures, a plurality of conceptual views, both opposite and related, thereby substantiating the existence of a postmodern worldview paradigm. The result of the study was the characterization of historical and pedagogical aspects in philosophical discourse.

Что такое народ для молодого поколения россиян? (Этническая самоидентификация потомков от смешанных браков в контексте мировоззренческих парадигм века сего)

The article is devoted to the perception and understanding of the categories of the national, nation, patriotism and related values by the young generation in the context of an increasingly spreading postmodern and transhumanist worldview. The topic is considered on the example of an interview conducted by the author among students of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after Herzen (St. Petersburg). The problem of ethnic self-identification of descendants from interethnic marriages is taken as a starting point. It is shown that it differs depending on whose point of view the phenomenon of “metisization” is considered. It was revealed to be the cultural, rather than genetic, basis of Russian self-identification among modern students (which seems to be traditional for the Russian ethnos), as well as the large role of the constructivist factor in ethnic self-identification. Constructivism is expressed in the fact that, in the opinion of a significant number of interviewed students, any descendant from interethnic families can choose any nationality, and not necessarily the nationality of one of the parents. In general, it is the students’ view that questions of national self-determination relate to the sphere of a person’s free choice. To confirm the latter, some aspects of the youth value system were analyzed, such as the patriotism characteristic for today’s youth, nationality (including inter-ethnic marriages), the future and behavior patterns that one should be guided by. A significant part of the students surveyed tend to give preference to globalist values (different from traditionally Western ones) and adhere to post-Christian patterns of behavior. The category of a nation is losing its meaning, and the transhumanistic worldview is apparently gaining influence among the surveyed students. Ontologism begins to disappear from the perception of young people; the world for them is increasingly turning into a “constructor”.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОСТМОДЕРНІСТСЬКОГО СТИЛЮ ДОНАЛЬДА БАРТЕЛМІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЗБІРКИ «ШІСТДЕСЯТ ОПОВІДАНЬ»)

The author analyzes the elements of postmodernism in D. Barthelme’s collection «Sixty Stories». It is determined that this stylistic dominant in the writer’s prose is mainly determined by such parameters as irony, collage and play. In addition, the genre specificity of his postmodern worldview is important, because it was in short epic genres that Barthelmi was able to realize his own aesthetic vision of literature in the second half of the XXth century. The writer experimented with form and content, seeking to adapt the poetic works of Thomas Stearns Eliot and the dramatic conflicts of Samuel Beckett, that is, to rethink the innovation of modernist authors to a new socio-historical situation. Barthelme uses almost all forms of humor, but the most common is irony. The ironic reappraisal of values in postmodernism ends with everything depreciating and becoming invaluable. The lists of catalogs in Barthelme’s texts are often presented as collages, and these collages are mostly made of verbal dreck (mass literature) and visual garbage. The situation in his texts is related to the need to react to an incomprehensible event, which forms a kind of Beckettian plot, when there is a consequence, but the reason is unclear, and plot is rather formalistic.

Прецедентные имена в постмодернистском дискурсе Б. Вербера: коммуникативный аспект

This article reveals the peculiarities of the use of precedent names in the novels "Empire of Angels", "The Breath of the Gods" and "The Last Secret" by the contemporary French writer Bernard Werber. The communicative aspect is traced in the interaction of the cosmopolitan postmodern worldview of different peoples. Particular attention is paid to myths and the postmodern reading of ancient Greek myths in the author's works. The phenomenon of "speaking names" is also examined and their use in some works of French literature is traced.

The Forms of Expression Of Society Virtualization as a Post-Historical Phenomenon (Ukrainian Aspect)

The article aims to study of one of the relevant issues in the field of the modern post-history, namely, the virtualization of society. The latter is considered as a result of the postmodern worldview and the simulative nature of knowledge about social reality. The subject of the research involves the forms of virtual culture reflected in today’s Ukrainian society. Given the specifics of the identified issue, the author of the article draws attention to the specific methodological apparatus of the research. The narrative background of the research, as well as the principle of historicism, allows one to consider virtualization as a process of modelling social reality using computer technologies, whose image or prototype is a historical reality. It is important to note that the virtualization of society has a historical conditionality, which makes it possible to consider it as the next stage of the historical and cultural development of society. At the same time, the modern type of culture is a virtual culture, whose main creator and consumer is human. Its main feature is a pronounced innovative character. The main forms of Ukrainian society virtualization are focused on virtual communities and virtual states. Importantly, each of them mimics the social reality, whose prototype is an image characterizing the cultural identity of society.