Postlarvae Production Research Articles

Optimization doses of frozen maggot used as fish food for rearing stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

This study was performed to evaluate growth performance of stinging catfish, (Heteropneustes fossilis) by applying different dozes of frozen maggot meal as a protein source and fish meal replacer. The experiment was carried out in 28 days at the Wet laboratory, Department of Aquaculture and laboratory of the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The experiment was carried out in 15 glass aquaria with five different treatments, each with three replications. The frozen maggot as feed for H. fossilis post-larvae production was designed where five different diets of only frozen larvae such as T1 (larvae 20%, crude protein 11.20%), T2 (larvae 40%, crude protein 22.40%), T3 (larvae 60%, crude protein 33.60%) and T4 (larvae 80%, crude protein 44.80%) and a control diet T5 (crude protein 30%) made with fish meal as sole source of protein. It was observed that T3 (Diet 3) had the significantly highest (p<0.05) final weight (1.55g), followed by T5 (1.50g), T2 (1.35g), T4 (1.25g) and T1 (1.16g). Specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, apparent protein utilization and survival rate were also significantly higher in T3 than other treatments. It is recommended to use the frozen maggot meal as a protein source at a dose of 60% in diet and fish meal replacer, which will be cheaper and profitable to aquaculture sector of the world.

Influence of Pediveliger Larvae Stocking Density on Settlement Efficiency and Seed Production in Captivity of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Amsa Bay, Tetouan.

In mussel hatchery systems, the settlement process is a crucial element influencing seed yield. The current study assayed the influence of five densities of competent pediveliger larvae on settlement success and post-larvae production. We showed an inverse relationship between density and settlement efficiency, e.g., an attachment success of 99.4% at the lowest density (35 larvae/cm2) but only 9% at the highest density (210 larvae/cm2). However, post-larvae production was higher at intermediate larvae densities (70 larvae/cm2). The reimplementation of treatments upon post-larvae density after 6 weeks post settlement showed that the lowest-density groups bore both the highest post-larvae growth rate (22.24 ± 4.60 µm/day) and the largest head batch (48% of the size distribution), as compared to the higher-post-larvae-density groups. These results highlight the importance of optimizing both pediveliger larvae density and post-larvae density, to maximize high-quality seed yield in local hatcheries. Current rearing technologies would assure a timely commercial seed production to protect natural sea rocky beds in Alboran Sea coasts.

Partial replacement of seawater with crude salt in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii hatchery operation

The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii hatchery operators often face difficulties in seawater transportation. Thus, we aimed to test the locally available crude salt as a suitable alternative to seawater in hatchery operations. For this purpose, seven treatments with different combinations of seawater, brine and crude salt (viz. T1 = 100% seawater, T2 = 100% brine solution, T3 = 100% crude salt, T4 = 80% seawater and 20% crude salt, T5 = 70% seawater and 30% crude salt, T6 = 60% seawater and 40% crude salt and T7 = 50% seawater and 50% crude salt) were tested in the rearing of M. rosenbergii larvae. Water quality parameters exhibited no significant differences, but elemental (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) assemblage (via main effect PERMANOVA) varied across the treatments. Most of the water elements revealed a significant bivariate relationship with the post larvae (PL) production parameters, and this was also confirmed by multivariate RELATE analysis. Among the elements, BEST analysis and the DISTLM model showed that ionic imbalance, especially Na+ concentration, is the main modulator in the hatchery production cycle, productivity and PL survivability. This proves that seawater is the best culture media for larvae rearing but up to 30% replacement by crude salt could be possible at 12 g/L water salinity for giant freshwater prawn PL production.

Nutrients and anti-nutrients in leaf litter of four selected mangrove species from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh and their effect on shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798) post larvae

The release of nutrients and anti-nutrients from mangrove leaf litter plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling in aquatic environments and directly or indirectly affects water quality and food availability to shrimp. In this study, we assessed nutrient and anti-nutrient loss during decomposition of leaf litter at a concentration of 1 g/L for four mangrove species (Avicennia officinalis, Heritiera fomes, Sonneratia apetala, Sonneratia caseolaris) to monitor water quality and to estimate how leaf litter influences shrimp post larvae (PL) growth and survival. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the studied species in terms of mass loss of the leaf litter during the investigation period. There were also significant differences (P < 0.05) between the studied species in terms of loss of nutrients and anti-nutrients in the shrimp PL rearing tank during the four-week experimental period. Decomposing mangrove leaves stimulated availability of natural food for shrimp PLs. There was a strong positive correlation between mass loss and PL production. At the concentrations of leaf litter used, the anti-nutritional factors did not affect the PLs. PL survival with mangrove leaf litter was 75–82%, whereas all the PL died without any leaf litter. PL weight gain ranged from 0.83–3.33 mg/d where S. apetala leaf litter resulted in the highest PL growth rate, followed by A. officinalis, S. caseolaris and H. fomes, in that order (P < 0.05). Overall, mangrove leaf litter had a positive effect on shrimp performance in terms of growth and survival and this effect was highest for S. apetala leaf litter.

Quality assessment of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae produced in some commercial shrimp hatcheries of Choubdeh Abadan, Iran

In the present study, the quality of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) produced in some commercial hatcheries evaluated in three different hatcheries with different management in Chouebdeh Abadan, Iran. For evaluating management effects on PL quality, 180 postlarvae (30 postlarvae for each quality index) sampled from three hatcheries during the two sampling periods. Then morphometric indices (including body weight, total length, carapace length, length of the intestine, diameter of the sixth abdominal segment), behavioral indices (swimming activity), stress test (salinities of 0%, and 50%, formalin 100 and 200 ppm), carcass biochemical compositions, microbial indices, and microscopic observations) were analyzed and recorded. Management features assessed using a questionnaire. Based on the results, the highest morphometric indices were attributed to hatcheries 2 & 3. Also, the hepatopancreas index in hatchery no. 3 was better than other hatcheries. Similarly, the highest survival rate in the stress test and behavioral index were observed in the PLs of hatchery no. 3. The results of carcass biochemical composition also showed that carcass lipid decreased by increasing carcass protein content. The highest bacterial load was observed in the PLs of hatchery no. 2. The results of microscopic observations indicated that the post-larvae in the third hatchery had a completely dilated intestine and contained more food. The hepatopancreatic tissue was larger and consisted of multiple B cells with large vesicles. Based on the questionnaire, all PL samples were in PL 12 stage. The main differences between hatchery no. 3 and other hatcheries were as follows: The broodstocks weight was higher than other hatcheries; fresh and formulated diet was used in hatchery no. 3; larval growth assay, nauplius, and postlarval survival assay was carried out on a regular basis, and no sludge accumulation at the bottom of the tanks was observed in hatchery no. 3. The results of this research show that appropriate management, in hatchery no. 3 in comparison to other hatcheries, is considered as the main factor resulting in better quality for postlarvae production.

Viral contamination of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon broodstock in Bangladesh

Stocking specific-pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp postlarvae (PL) has been reported to have much potential to enhance production by notably reducing the infection-driven mortality. In terms of SPF PL production in Bangladesh, except white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), several potential viruses such as hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), monodon baculovirus (MBV), hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), and yellow head virus (YHV) which may synergistically cause mortality are ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the viral contamination in hatchery-brood-shrimps in Bangladesh as the broods horizontally and/or vertically transfer the viruses to their offspring. Five randomly selected representative hatcheries were investigated over 3 months (January to March) to know the status of viral contamination. Broods in all the hatcheries were found to be contaminated with WSSV, IHHNV, MBV, HPV, and YHV. The results showed that the prevalence of WSSV, MBV, HPV, and YHV did not significantly differ between hatcheries. The highest (72%) and the lowest (30%) prevalence of MBV and WSSV, respectively, were recorded in January. In February, the highest (81%) and the lowest (28%) prevalence were found in MBV and HPV, respectively, where the highest and the lowest prevalence were 88% and 40% for IHHNV and HPV, respectively, in March. The prevalence of IHHNV and MBV were not significantly different. The relative prevalence of WSSV, HPV, and YHV were significantly low compared with that of IHHNV and MBV. Notably, increasing water temperature from January (22 ± 0.71 °C) to March (27 ± 1 °C) increased the prevalence of all the viruses and subsequently the extremity of infection. The contamination in broods forwarding to the production of multiple-virus-contaminated PL is considered as an obstacle to higher production of shrimp at farm level in Bangladesh. Hence, the present study suggests focusing on the deleterious-virus-free shrimp broods in commercial shrimp hatcheries in Bangladesh.

Survival Rate, Growth And Chemical Content of Dendronereis pinnaticirris (Polychaeta, Nereidae) In Maintenance With Different Food And Substrate

The worm Dendronereis pinnaticirris is used as feed of shrimp broodstock in a hatchery, mainly because of its availability in the local market, and its nutritional content required for improving gonad maturation and post larvae production. The important economic value of the worm and the increasing demand for feed in shrimp hatcheries have led to an intense exploitation that suppers its population and the sustainability of the whole estuarine ecosystem. The study, which represents the starting point of large-scale production of the polychaete worm by culture in the artificial system, shall be undertaken. Accordingly, a production study using D. pinnaticirris juvenile was carried out under controlled conditions fed with two different feed (feed contains mainly plant protein and animal protein, respectively), and kept in three different substrates (substrate consists of mud and 8.78%, 37.34%, 39.17% sand, respectively). The treatments were arranged according to randomized completely block design in 8 (eight) replicates. The survival rate, body weight increment and growth, oxygen consumption, proximate body chemical, and fatty acid contents were measured. The results showed that growth and oxygen consumption was significantly influenced by a substrate and feed type (P&lt;0.05). Worms on the mud substrate with 39.17% sand, and feed containing vegetable protein showed the highest oxygen consumption. Survival rate and chemical body content were not significantly influenced by the type of substrate and feed (P&lt;0.05). The protein content of the worm was 32.02-43.81%, while fat content was 2.41-9.89%. Twenty different fatty acids were identified in the worm of all treatment groups.

Microbiome dataset analysis from a shrimp pond in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam using shotgun metagenomics.

Vietnam is one of the top shrimp producing and exporting countries in the world [1]. However, viral and bacterial epidemic diseases cause severe damages to shrimp farming, resulting in millions of US dollars losses annually [2]. Furthermore, inappropriate use of antibiotics in shrimp rearing lead to increased emergence of drug resistant pathogens [3]. Current practices for water quality control, mostly based on chemical and physical parameters; neglected biological criteria necessary for maintaining pond health.Ninh Thuan is a region situated in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. Due to its geographic location, a large part of this region is dedicated to shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larvae production and rearing. This article presents a microbiome dataset from two water samples collected in a shrimp rearing pond in Ninh Thuan. We used Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) for metagenomic sequencing of the samples to characterize microbial communities and antibiotic resistance profiles. The metagenome dataset generated will provide an understanding and comparison framework of the microbial diversity and functionality among shrimp ponds with potential application in health management and shrimp rearing industry.

Impacto de la proporción de sexos en aspectos reproductivos del acocil Cambarellus montezumae

Background: The exploitation of aquaculture resources, such as the freshwather crayfish C. montezumae (Mexican endemic crustacean), is related with fertility of females due to the available number of postlarvae that can be cultivated. Goals: To evaluate the impact on reproductive aspects of the sex ratio C. montezumae in relation to obtained postlarvae. Methods: The impact of three sex ratio of males and females in the number of ovigerous females, fertility, fecundity, hatching time and the relation between these variables was determinate under laboratory conditions. Results: The analysis of variance shows that sex ratio 1:1 produced the highest number of ovigerous females (61) and a higher number of postlarvae (2451). When comparing the average fecundity (37 eggs per female) and the mean hatching percentage (97.96%), no significant differences between treatments were obtained. Females of first reproduction influenced the absence of linear relationships between size (weight and length) and reproductive aspects evaluated (fecundity and fertility). Conclusions: The sex ratio 1:1 is set as the optimum to get the highest number of postlarvae. The absence of linear relationship between size and studied variables provides the opportunity to study the influence of second breeding females to determine the technical conditions of higher postlarvae production in this specie. &nbsp

Impacto de la proporción de sexos en aspectos reproductivos del acocil Cambarellus montezumae

Background: The exploitation of aquaculture resources, such as the freshwather crayfish C. montezumae (Mexican endemic crustacean), is related with fertility of females due to the available number of postlarvae that can be cultivated. Goals: To evaluate the impact on reproductive aspects of the sex ratio C. montezumae in relation to obtained postlarvae. Methods: The impact of three sex ratio of males and females in the number of ovigerous females, fertility, fecundity, hatching time and the relation between these variables was determinate under laboratory conditions. Results: The analysis of variance shows that sex ratio 1:1 produced the highest number of ovigerous females (61) and a higher number of postlarvae (2451). When comparing the average fecundity (37 eggs per female) and the mean hatching percentage (97.96%), no significant differences between treatments were obtained. Females of first reproduction influenced the absence of linear relationships between size (weight and length) and reproductive aspects evaluated (fecundity and fertility). Conclusions: The sex ratio 1:1 is set as the optimum to get the highest number of postlarvae. The absence of linear relationship between size and studied variables provides the opportunity to study the influence of second breeding females to determine the technical conditions of higher postlarvae production in this specie. &nbsp

Contribution of bioflocs to the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae determined using stable isotopes

The aim of this study was to use preselected quality indicators for Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae and the stable isotopes technique with δ13C and δ15N to determine the influence of bioflocs in shrimp feeding during the nursery phase, between PL1 and PL30. A control treatment (CT) with water renewal was compared to a biofloc treatment (BT) that received organic carbon fertilizations. Different types of commercial feed (Stresspak and Flake-INVE™, PL40-GUABI™), microalgae (Chaetoceros muelleri) and Artemia sp. nauplii were used as food sources. The physical and chemical parameters of water and ammonia were monitored daily, and nitrite, nitrate and alkalinity were measured weekly. Suspended solids and the microorganisms of bioflocs were characterized. At the end of the experiment, fifteen shrimps of each replicate were collected to evaluate nine larvae quality indicators. Isotopic values of 13C and 15N of food sources and shrimp tissues were collected on days 10, 20 and 30, and a Bayesian model of isotopic mixture measured the contributions of these sources to the shrimp biomass. Salinity, alkalinity and nitrite differed significantly between the treatments but were appropriate for post-larvae production. The larvae quality conditions in the CT treatment were ranked as “good,” whereas the BT conditions were considered “excellent” according to the analysis of larval quality parameters. The stable isotopes analysis showed that the PL40 GUABI™ feed was the most important food source throughout the experimental period in the CT. In the BT (10th and 20th days), the bioflocs and commercial feeds (Flake-INVE™, PL40-GUABI™) did not present significant variations in their contribution ratios; however, on the 30th day, the contribution of the PL40-GUABI™ feed was higher when compared to bioflocs. In general, the commercial feed played a more important role as a food source for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae during the nursery phase, although the consumption of bioflocs led to a better larvae quality.

Influência de diferentes dietas na sobrevivência larval do camarãode água doce Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

This work aimed to evaluate different diets in Macrobrachium carcinus larval culture in order to improve the performance of prawn postlarvae production. Twenty-four 20 L circular recipients provided of water recirculating and aeration systems were used, where 25 larvae per liter were stocked (stages V-VI). Four treatments (related to diets) and six replicates were adopted: 1) Fish flesh (Ff); 2) Fish flesh + adult Artemia biomass (FfB); 3) Formulated diet (Fd); and 4) Formulated diet + adult Artemia biomass (FdB). The diets were offered four times a day (07:00, 10:00, 13:00 and 16:00 hrs) during 49 days. At the end of culture, the average of larval survival rates were 3.47, 7.40, 14.83 and 7.57%, respectively for Ff, FfB, Fd and FdB treatments. Ff treatment obtained the lowest survival (p ≤ 0.05). The highest survival (p ≤ 0.05) was obtained with the Fd diet (14.83%) that has shown to be the most appropriated alternative to use in M. carcinus hatchery. However, the use of adult Artemia biomass can provide better survival rates when associated with fish flesh.

Monitoring the formation of trihalomethanes in the effluents from a shrimp hatchery

Formation of trihalomethanes (THM) was monitored at the Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos (LCM) from the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. THM could be present because chlorinated effluents from disinfection are discharged from the different hatchery rooms. THM quantification was done through an analytical methodology using Purge&Trap coupled with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Relative standard deviation (RSD), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the methodology corresponded to the ranges of 8-17%; 0.01-0.03 microg L(-1) and 0.03-0.08 microg L(-1), respectively. Linear working range was of 0.1-8.0 microg L(-1) for all compounds. Enrichment and recovery method was applied to evaluate possible matrix effects and the results varied from 71.2% to 107.9%. LCM was monitored between August and December, 2004. This study showed that THM did not increase with the increase in postlarvae production and also that the aquatic life and the surrounding environment were not affected.

Effect of thyroxine immersion on larval survival, growth and postlarvae production of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Aquaculture ResearchVolume 37, Issue 13 p. 1378-1380 Effect of thyroxine immersion on larval survival, growth and postlarvae production of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) Paymon Roustaian, Paymon Roustaian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (KUSTEM), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Resources, Khoramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology (KUMST), Khoramshahr, Khozestan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorLim Ai Gaik, Lim Ai Gaik Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (KUSTEM), Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this author Paymon Roustaian, Paymon Roustaian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (KUSTEM), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Resources, Khoramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology (KUMST), Khoramshahr, Khozestan, IranSearch for more papers by this authorLim Ai Gaik, Lim Ai Gaik Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (KUSTEM), Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 August 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01576.xCitations: 5 Correspondence: P Roustaian, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5. E-mail: proustai@unbsj.ca Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume37, Issue13September 2006Pages 1378-1380 RelatedInformation

Producción de larvas y postlarvas del erizo verdiblanco del Caribe Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en condiciones de cultivo

Larvae and postlarvae production of the green-white sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus ( Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in culture conditions. We evaluated the biological feasibility of massive larvae and postlarvae production of the Caribbean green-white urchin Lytechinus variegatus . Experiments were designed to choose the initial larval density and microalgae diets under culture, to study metamorphosis, postlarval and juvenile growth. Massive production of competent larvae 650 μm long at 12-13 days is possible using larval densities of 0.25 to 1 larva/ml. The microalgae Rhodomonas sp. was suitable for the optimization of larval growth and survival. Metamorphosis of 100% of the larvae can be induced with films of bentic diatoms ( Navicula sp. and Amphora sp.), after 96 h; however, diatoms are not adequate for postlarval development and a food supply of Ulva lactuta is necessary for proper growth. For juveniles, a diet of macroalgae ( U. lactuta ) and/or commercial marine shrimp culture pellet food is enough for growth, but the best results were obtained with shrimp or U. lactuta used alone (85-86%, against 46% with the mixed diet). We recommend future experiments on nutritional requirements to optimize growth of these and subsequent stages. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3): 319-328. Epub 2006 Jan 30.

Quantitative relationships between postlarval production and benthic recruitment in lobsters, Homarus americanus

Relationships between lobster postlarval supply and benthic recruitment were evaluated within and between oceanographically distinct segments of the range of the American lobster. Postlarvae (PL) were sampled by neuston nets in western Rhode Island Sound and the western Gulf of Maine, USA, from June to September 1989–95. Benthic lobsters were sampled in sublittoral cobble habitat by using a diver-operated airlift at the end of the settlement season. Average annual recruitment densities of young-of-year (YOY) lobsters ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 m-2. YOY recruitment was positively correlated between areas. Integrated seasonal abundance of postlarvae was often much greater in Rhode Island than Maine, but production estimates (PL 1000 m-2 season-1), calculated from moult cycle stages and temperature-dependent growth rates, differed by a factor of &lt;0.5. PL production was positively correlated between areas and explained ≥81% of the annual variation in recruitment in each area and 90% for the two areas combined. In Maine, among-site differences in YOY recruitment persisted for a year after settlement and then began to lessen, at least in part because larger individuals moved into areas of initially lower recruitment