Post-endodontic Restoration Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Endodontically Treated Teeth Using an Alkasite Restorative Material Versus Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) as an Intraorifice Barrier: A Study Protocol.

Background The most popular approach to treating pulpal and periapical disease is endodontic therapy, but the most common failure after root canal therapy, if not followed by planned rehabilitation of the tooth, is tooth fracture, which may be so severe in some cases needing extraction. Inadequate endodontic restorations increase the risk of fracture and coronal leakage, which can disseminate bacteria and their byproducts and perhaps lead to the failure of root canal therapy. In order to offer protection against masticatory forces along with compressive obturation forces that can lead to vertical root fracture, research has also supported the use of post-endodontic treatment restorative materials with an elastic modulus that is either greater or comparable to the tooth itself for post-endodontic restorations. Restorative materials that can bond to root dentin can be used to create intraorifice barriers, which prevent coronal microleakage and reinforce the radicular dentin. The current in vitro studyaims to assess the effects of various intraorifice barriers (an alkasite restorative material versus resin-modified glass ionomer cement) on the sealing ability of the intraorifice barriers following root canal therapy. Methodology In vitro, confocal laser microscopy is used to determine the microleakage of various intraorifice barriers. Conclusion The sealing ability of a post-endodontic restoration is crucial for the overall success of endodontic treatment, and this in vitro study protocol would ultimately help in selecting the appropriate intraorifice barrier.

Fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers: An in vitro study.

Due to advancements in adhesive technology and the introduction of fiber reinforcement, there has been a paradigm shift towards a more minimally invasive approach in coronal restoration of endodontically treated teeth. This research aimed to evaluate and compare fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using a self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers. Mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human maxillary premolars. Root canal treatment was completed following standard access cavity preparation. Then, the teeth were divided into two groups based on the composite used for postendodontic restoration. Group I: Bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-Ceram). Group II: Activa BioActive. Group I and Group II were then divided into two subgroups depending on fiber incorporation (n = 20). Subgroup IA: Bulk-fill composite. Subgroup IB: Bulk-fill composite with fiber incorporation. Subgroup IIA: Activa BioActive. Subgroup IIB: Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation. The force required to fracture the teeth was recorded using the universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc test. Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation showed the highest mean fracture resistance (988.52N). Bulk-fill composite without fiber incorporation had the least mean fracture resistance (669.87N). Activa BioActive bulk-fill restorative material when used with the incorporation of resin-impregnated glass fibers can be a preferred material of choice for restoring endodontically treated teeth.

Acceptability of interactive post-endodontic restoration decision making application among undergraduate dental students

Background/PurposeSelecting an appropriate coronal restoration after root canal treatment requires careful consideration, however, there is a lack of established web-based tool that is based on clear guidelines for suitable post-endodontic restorations. Hence, we aimed to design and determine the acceptability of an interactive application to aid the decision making process for post-endodontic restoration among the undergraduate dental students. Materials and methodsA web-based post-endodontic restoration decision making interactive application, (RestoSmart) was developed after a detailed review of available literature. Seventy undergraduate dental students of IMU University were recruited in the study. A validated questionnaire was given to the participants before and after the use of RestoSmart to answer the provided mock clinical scenarios. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 software package. ResultsThe statistical analysis demonstrated that RestoSmart was acceptable among the undergraduate dental students (P < 0.05). Initially, participants recognized the potential benefits of designing an interactive application, 74% believing that it may enhance decision making and 76% emphasizing its user-friendliness. Additionally, close to half of the participants expressed the willingness to use interactive tools in future. Following the use of RestoSmart, there was a notable increase in favorability, with 94.2% finding it helpful in the decision making and 94.3% acknowledging its user-friendliness. Furthermore, 87.2% expressed intent to use RestoSmart in future. ConclusionRestoSmart was useful for decision making and user friendly. While overall response was positive, there exist some areas for improvement such as ease of use, updating evidence-based guidelines, and establishing its helpfulness in teaching and learning.

A protocol for a comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with Cention N, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and short fiber reinforced flowable composite as an intraorifice barrier.

Endodontic treatment is the most common method for resolving pulpal and periapical pathology. However, various studies have reported that almost 11%-13% of all teeth that undergo extraction after endodontic treatment show the presence of cracks, craze lines, and vertical root fractures. Teeth with inadequate post endodontic restoration are more prone to fracture and coronal leakage, resulting in the diffusion of oral fluids, bacteria, bacterial products, and possibly root canal treatment failure. Furthermore, studies have advocated the use of endodontically treated teeth with restorative materials that have a similar or higher elastic modulus than the tooth for providing stiffness against forces that cause root fracture. Intraorifice barriers made of restorative materials that can bond to radicular dentin could thus be used to reinforce the radicular dentin while also preventing coronal microleakage. Although the sealing ability of intraorifice barriers has been widely compared in the literature, there have been few studies on the strengthening effect of the materials used in the study as intraorifice barriers when placed into the root canal. As a result, the current in vitro study aims to assess the effect of various materials as intraorifice barriers (Cention N, Resin modified glass ionomer cement, and short fiber reinforced flowable composite) on the force required fracture teeth after root canal treatment. This in vitro study will be done on extracted human mandibular premolars with single root canal where after doing root canal treatment 2-3 mm obturating material would be replaced by intra orifice barriers (Cention N, resin modified glass ionomer cement [RMGIC], and short fiber reinforced flowable composite). The force required to fracture teeth will be calculated using universal testing machine.

Management of dislodged crown using split cast metal post and core: A case report

Across diverse cultures, the practice of restoring lost tooth structure has endured through generations. It is widely understood that merely undergoing quality endodontic therapy is not sufficient to fully restore a severely weakened tooth with pulpal disease. Equally crucial is ensuring post-endodontic restoration followed by quality prosthetic rehabilitation. In instances where a tooth is extensively damaged, utilizing a post becomes the preferred course of action post endodontic treatment to preserve the core. The gold standard for the treatment of a severely compromised tooth is recognized as a cast post and core. In this case study, a previously treated maxillary first molar, which had a dislodged fiber post and core along with a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown, underwent retreatment with a split cast metal post and core followed by a PFM crown.

Is a Pre-Existent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Able to Detect Metal Dental Posts?

(1) Background: In this study, the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting dental posts was compared to periapical radiography. (2) Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 53 patients' periapical radiographs and CBCT images was performed. The presence and type of the intra-canal dental post were initially determined on the periapical images (PA) radiographs' examination and were then compared to the observer's ability to detect the dental post on a CBCT image. The effect of the post's type (metal cast or prefabricated) on its detection on CBCT images was determined. (3) Results: 10.5% of teeth that were identified as having a post on a PA radiograph were not identified as having a post on the CBCT examination (p < 0.05). Approximately 17.6% of teeth that were identified as not having a post on a PA radiograph were identified as having a post on the CBCT examination (p < 0.05). Moreover, 16.3% and 50% of teeth with a prefabricated or cast posts on PA radiographs were falsely identified on the CBCT examination, respectively (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: A CBCT image is an insufficient tool for the identification of metal prefabricated and cast posts. A PA image is the recommended radiographic tool for achieving information about the post-endodontic restoration status of teeth candidates for endodontic retreatment in patients with a former CBCT scan.

Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Health Among Children With Stainless Steel Crowns and Stainless Steel Bands: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction Putting in stainless steel crowns as a post-endodontic restoration and space maintainers as a post-extraction applianceto maintain the space for the eruption of underlying teeth in case of early loss in children are some of the most commonly practised proceduresthat pediatric dentists undertake in their day-to-day lives. Maintaining good oral hygiene for better gingival health is important. If it is not taken care of,gradual destruction of supporting soft and hard tissues of the teeth occurs. There were numerous studies conducted over the past few years,but no split-mouth study compares the crowns and bands. Hence, this study compares the gingival health between stainless steel crowns and band and loop space maintainers. Materials and methods This split-mouth randomised controlled trial included 31 children aged between four and nine years who had stainless steel crowns on one side and a band and loop space maintainer on the other side of the mandibular arch. The split-mouth study was carried out to minimise the outcome bias as oral hygiene practices differ from one individual to another. Presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BOP)and the Gingival Index (GI) using theLoeandSilness GI were assessed at baseline and at six months. Data was entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft Corporation,Redmond, Washington, United States) and analysed in IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 23, (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The significance level was fixed as 5% (α = 0.05). The Shapiro-Wilktest was used to assess the normality of parameters of gingival health. The parameters are described in terms of mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages. Intragroup analysis was done using Friedman tests across the timelines. Intergroup analysis using Mann-Whitney U tests was done between the groups at different timelines. Results At the beginning of the study, 46 children (22 girlsand 24 boys) were enrolled considering the dropout. However, 15 children did not attend the follow-up review, resulting in a loss to follow-up. Consequently, only 31 children, each with a band and loop space maintainer and a stainless steel crown, were included for the final interpretation of the results in this study. At one month, both BOP and GI were significantly different (p<0.05) between the stainless steelcrown and stainless steel band where the crown showed better gingival health and absence of bleeding than the band and loop. At three months and six months, gingival health improved in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The Friedman test revealed that both the stainless steel crown and stainless steel band groups had a significant difference at six months from baseline. Mann-Whitney tests were done to analyse the difference in parameters at baseline and at six months between both groups. There was no significant difference in the baseline in the parameters between the groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, this study concludes that the gingival health based on BOP and GI shows a significant difference across the timeline within the groups, namely, stainless steel crown and stainless steel band, but no significant difference between the groups at various timelines.

To Compare and Evaluate the Fracture Resistance of Three Post Endodontic Restorations Including Silver Amalgam, Dual Cure Composite Resin and Fibre Reinforced Composite Resin

Background: Endodontically treated teeth are thought to be more prone to fracture. The last stage in a successful root canal treatment is to restore root canal-treated teeth with a permanent, definitive postendodontic restoration. Dehydration, dentin loss during endodontic procedures, and the elimination of significant anatomic elements like cusps, ridges, and the pulp chamber's arched roof—all of which contribute significantly to the normal tooth's support—are the causes of the fracture of endodontically treated teeth. Consequently, intracoronal strengthening is necessary to prevent tooth fracture, especially in the posterior teeth where compressive stresses brought on by occlusal forces can cause tooth fractures.1 Since core materials typically replace a significant portion of the tooth structure and must withstand multidirectional masticatory forces,their compressive strength is crucial.2  Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the compressive strengths of three direct post enododontic restorations.  Material and Methods: There are thirty extracted maxillary premolars chosen. After receiving root canal therapy, the teeth were divided randomly into three groups for immediate post-endodontic restorations: (i) silver amalgam (ii)Fiber-reinforced composite resin (iii) dual cure glass- reinforced composite resin . After that, a Universal Testing Machine was used to apply compressive stress on the teeth.  Statistical Analysis: Fracture loads will be compared statistically, and the data will be analysed using version 21.0 of SPSS software, analysis of variance and the Post-hoc test for multiple comparisons.  Result and Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, it showed that the post hoc tests reveal that the mean difference of compressive load strength is significant between all the groups, Amalgam has highest load strength followed by Fiber reinforced composite. Dual cure composite has lowest compressive load strength.

Exploring dentists’ preferences for post-endodontic restorations in India: A questionnaire based study

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to investigate the selection of postendodontic restorative materials and techniques for both anterior and posterior teeth by Indian endodontists and nonendodontists, along with other influencing factors. Methods: A total of 700 dentists, including both endodontists and nonendodontists, participated in this survey. The survey consisted of 22 questions and was administered through Google Forms and various online platforms. Participants were required to provide informed consent before completing the questionnaire. Results: The majority of endodontists (80.3%) and nonendodontists (72.6%) revealed a preference for resin composite as the primary restorative material for postendodontic restoration. Approximately half of the endodontists (50.0%) and 67.8% of nonendodontists typically waited for 1 week before proceeding with postendodontic restoration, with the presence of periapical lesions being the most common reason for this delay. Both endodontists (81.7%) and nonendodontists (73.4%) considered the amount of remaining tooth structure as the most crucial factor in guiding their choice of postendodontic restoration. The majority of both endodontists (75.3%) and nonendodontists (81.4%) preferred full-coverage crowns as the definitive postendodontic restoration. Furthermore, endodontists (95.4%) and nonendodontists (85.5%) reported that they only performed post and core restoration when necessary, and 84.7% of endodontists and 76.5% of nonendodontists believed that post and core restorations aided in supporting crowns. Conclusion: The outcomes of the survey imply that while endodontists in India demonstrate a more comprehensive comprehension of postendodontic restoration concepts, nonendodontists also exhibit a sufficient level of understanding essential for achieving clinical success.

40-Year Outcome of Old-School, Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: Practice-Based Retrospective Evaluation.

(1) Background: Non-surgical endodontic treatment has been shown to be clinically successful; however, clinical long-term data are scarce. This practice-based retrospective clinical investigation evaluated endodontic outcomes over 40 years and identified relevant clinical co-factors. (2) Methods: Two experienced dental practitioners in two different private dental practices treated 174 patients with 245 teeth from 1969 to 1993. After root canal obturation, either a new direct restoration (amalgam, resin composite, or glass-ionomer cement) or the re-cementation of a pre-existing prosthetic restoration or renewal of prosthetic restoration followed. Metal posts (operator A) or metal screws (operator B) were inserted when coronal substance loss was significant. The primary outcome (i.e., tooth survival) was achieved when the endodontically treated tooth was, in situ, painless and had full function at the end of the observation period. A secondary outcome, the impact of different prognostic factors on survival rate, was evaluated. (3) Results: The overall mean survival was 56.1% of all treated teeth after 40 years of clinical service, resulting in an annual failure rate of 1.1%. Most investigated clinical co-factors (jaw, tooth position, intracanal dressings, post/screw placement, and gender) showed no significant influence on survival. (4) Conclusions: Even with materials and techniques from the 1970s and 1980s, successful root canal treatment was achievable. Except for post-endodontic restorations, most of the evaluated factors had no significant influence on the clinical long-term survival of root canal-treated teeth.

Influence of Cementation Mode and Ferrule Design on the Fatigue Resistance of Monolithic Zirconia Endocrowns.

Background: Classic endocrowns made of dental ceramics are considered a promising alternative to traditional post-endodontic restorations. The use of circular ferrules in endocrowns is a topic of controversial discussion. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of ferrule design and cementation mode on the fatigue resistance of zirconia endocrowns. Methods: Eighty human molars were divided into four groups (n = 20): NFC (no-ferrule, conventional cementation), NFA (no-ferrule, adhesive luting), FC (ferrule, conventional cementation) and FA (ferrule, adhesive luting). Both the classic and the modified endocrown preparation with a two-millimeter ferrule design were carried out. Endocrowns were fabricated from zirconia using the CEREC system. After thermocycling, specimens were loaded according to the step-stress test up to 1500 N. Results: Failure rate was low; 88.8% of total specimens passed the step-stress test. Fractures were distributed between all groups; no significant differences in fatigue resistance were detected for preparation design and cementation mode. Conclusions: Endocrowns appear to be a promising concept for endodontically treated molars. Ferrule and also cementation mode have only a minor influence on fatigue resistance of zirconia endocrowns. However, at very high forces, the marginal area of the ferrule represents a weak point.

Post-endodontic restoration: a direct or indirect restoration?

When restoring an endodontically treated tooth, it is important to preserve the pericervical dentin so it is resistant especially to lateral forces occurring during mastication. When little pericervical dentin is seen to be present, an adhesive restoration is indicated. Tooth survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with adhesive direct and indirect restorations varies between 90.5% and 95.0% after 5 years. Deciding between a direct or an indirect restoration depends above all on the possibility to predictably restore the anatomy and on gloss retention. Because endodontically treated teeth are vulnerable to lateral forces, control of these forces after direct or indirect restoration is important. This can be achieved by a reduction in the steepness of the cuspal slope and/or by covering the cusps with the restorative material.

A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Different Post-Obturation Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study

ABSTRACT This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using different post-obturation restorative materials. Seventy-five non-carious extracted human teeth were collected. Access opening, chemicomechanical preparation, and obturation were done. Teeth were randomly divided into various groups depending on the type of post-endodontic restoration: group I—control group, group II—Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill, group III—Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior, group IV—P60, and group V—P60 + everX Posterior. The fracture resistance of each sample was measured using the universal testing machine. Results: The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. This demonstrated that group III (Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior) was shown to be the most effective group followed by group V (Filtek P60 + everX Posterior) out of all of the other restorative experimental groups. Conclusion: Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior showed maximum fracture resistance among the experimental groups.

Correlation between quality of obturation and outcome of pulpectomized primary molars following root canal instrumentation with pediatric rotary file systems

IntroductionThe success of root canal treatment is influenced by several factors including the type and technique of root canal preparation, the type of irrigants used, the quality of obturation, and post-endodontic restoration. Recent systematic reviews have concluded that there is no substantial evidence to establish the superiority of rotary file systems over hand files in terms of clinical and radiographic success in pulpectomized teeth. AimTo determine the correlation between quality of obturation and long-term outcome of pulpectomized primary molars following root canal instrumentation with pediatric rotary file systems and a hand file system. MethodsThe study involved 100 primary molars from children aged 4–7 years that required pulpectomy. The teeth were divided into four groups, each consisting of 25 teeth. In the first, second, third, and fourth groups, root canal instrumentation was carried out with Pedo-Flex pediatric rotary files (Group PF), Kedo-SG pediatric rotary files (Group KS), Pro-AF Baby Gold pediatric rotary files (Group BG), and hand nickel titanium K files (Group HF), respectively. Obturation was performed with zinc oxide eugenol cement using an engine-driven Lentulo-spiral. The quality of the root filling was assessed immediately after obturation through radiographic examination. The pulpectomized teeth were then evaluated both clinically and radiographically over a two-year period. ResultsThe quality of obturation was superior in the root canals instrumented with pediatric rotary file systems compared to hand files. At the end of follow-up period, the clinical success rate was 100% and the radiological success rates were 88%, 92%, 92%, and 80% in Groups PF, KS, BG, and HF, respectively. The optimally filled pulpectomized primary molars resulted in a superior success rate than compared to underfilled or overfilled teeth. ConclusionThe quality of obturation significantly influences the success rate of pulpectomized teeth. Therefore, the use of pediatric rotary files is recommended as rotary files contribute to a greater number of optimally filled canals.

A protocol for a comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with Cention N, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and short fiber reinforced flowable composite as an intraorifice barrier

Background: Endodontic treatment is the most common method for resolving pulpal and periapical pathology. However, various studies have reported that almost 11%–13% of all teeth that undergo extraction after endodontic treatment show the presence of cracks, craze lines, and vertical root fractures. Teeth with inadequate post endodontic restoration are more prone to fracture and coronal leakage, resulting in the diffusion of oral fluids, bacteria, bacterial products, and possibly root canal treatment failure. Furthermore, studies have advocated the use of endodontically treated teeth with restorative materials that have a similar or higher elastic modulus than the tooth for providing stiffness against forces that cause root fracture. Intraorifice barriers made of restorative materials that can bond to radicular dentin could thus be used to reinforce the radicular dentin while also preventing coronal microleakage. Although the sealing ability of intraorifice barriers has been widely compared in the literature, there have been few studies on the strengthening effect of the materials used in the study as intraorifice barriers when placed into the root canal. As a result, the current in vitro study aims to assess the effect of various materials as intraorifice barriers (Cention N, Resin modified glass ionomer cement, and short fiber reinforced flowable composite) on the force required fracture teeth after root canal treatment. Methods: This in vitro study will be done on extracted human mandibular premolars with single root canal where after doing root canal treatment 2-3 mm obturating material would be replaced by intra orifice barriers (Cention N, resin modified glass ionomer cement [RMGIC], and short fiber reinforced flowable composite). The force required to fracture teeth will be calculated using universal testing machine.

Influence of Different Post-endodontic Restorations on the Survival Rate Against Fracture of Endodontically Treated Anterior Teeth Affected by Cervical Lesions with Pulpal Involvement: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

To compare the survival rate against fracture of endodontically treated anterior teeth (ETT) affected by cervical (class V) lesions with pulpal involvement restored with resin composite or a post/core and crown, and to identify the prognostic factors for fracture. Dental records and radiographs of ETT affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involvement restored with resin composite or a post/core and crown during a recall period from 2009-2022 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of tooth fracture, the restorability after fracture and any possible risk factors were identified. The survival rate against ETT fracture were analyzed and com- pared between the two restoration groups by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Tarone-Ware test. Non- proportional hazard models were used to identify the prognostic factors. The sub-analysis in each restoration group was also performed. The study comprised 175 ETT restored with resin composite (n=125) or a crown (n=50). With a mean recall period of 32.9+-15.8 months, the survival rate against ETT fracture with resin composite (85.6%) was not significantly different from those with a crown (88%) (p≥0.05). The most frequent mode of fracture was crown-root fracture, which accounted for 78% and 83.30% of the fractures in the resin composite and crown groups, respectively. A significant prognostic factor for ETT fracture affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involve- ment was additional tooth structure loss from a class III, class IV or another class V lesion on the opposite side (p<0.05). The ETT affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involvement combined with additional tooth structure loss had a 7.25-fold higher risk of fracture than those with single-surface affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involvement (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-31.30). The sub-analysis in the crown and resin composite groups revealed that the survival rates of ETT with single-surface affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involvement was 100% and 96.15%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of ETT with additional tooth loss at 80.65% and 78.08%, respectively (p<0.05). With a mean 33-month recall period, the survival rate against ETT fracture affected by cervical lesions with pulpal involvement restored with resin composite or crown were not significantly different. Additional tooth structure loss was a significant prognostic factor for fracture.

“Preendodontic build up” an important aspect of endodontic treatment: Conspectus and proposal of classification

Present-day endodontic treatments make an effort to eliminate up microorganisms from the cavity while also removing bacteria, infected tissue, and dentin. Endodontists think about preendodontic restoration for the most effective rubber dam isolation and increased irrigation space before commencing root canal treatments. This procedure makes postendodontic restoration easier by preventing fractures in poor tooth structure. In addition, it facilitates effective interappointment execution, minimizing medication seepage, gingival ingrowth, and bacterial microleakage. The article evaluates and suggests an innovative preendodontic buildup categorization system that can help with treatment planning for teeth with numerous walls that are structurally damaged.

Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Different Materials as Barriers to Coronal Microleakage in Root-Filled Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

To compare the sealing ability of three different materials when used as postendodontic restoration barriers to coronal microleakage in root-filled teeth. In the present study, 60 single-rooted mandibular premolars with single canals were selected. After endodontic treatment was done with protaper files, they were divided into three groups of 20 teeth each, which were restored with Zirconomer (Group I), Hi-Dense (Group II), and Surefil composite (Group III), respectively. After storing in artificial saliva for 10 days, all teeth were then immersed in Rhodamine 6G fluorescent dye. Teeth were then sectioned buccolingually in a longitudinal direction. The coronal microleakage was measured in both halves under a fluorescence microscope and images were taken with a digital camera. Data obtained from the study in the form of scoring as per specific criteria was subjected to statistical analysis. Results of the study showed that the minimum amount of coronal microleakage was seen in Group II restored with Hi-Dense followed by Group III restored with Surefil Composite and the maximum amount of coronal microleakage was seen in Group I restored with Zirconomer. On the basis of the results of the present study, it may be concluded that Hi-Dense showed better coronal sealing ability in access cavities. Surefil composite exhibited coronal microleakage less than Zirconomer but more than Hi-Dense.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dental Practitioners About the Utilization of Endocrown in Post-endodontic Management.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, and awareness of dentists in Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, regarding the use of endocrown as post-endodontic restorations, utilizing an online questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was carried out among dental practitioners working in Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Dentists who practice in the Ha'il were included in the current study. The survey study involved a sample size of 245 participants. The researchers employed the snowball sampling technique in this investigation. The validated, closed-ended questionnaires were disseminated to the entire sample of selected dental practitioners using electronic mail. The initial section of the survey encompassed inquiries pertaining to the demographic characteristics of the participants, encompassing variables such as gender, years of professional experience, and workplace. The subsequent section of the survey focused on assessing the participants' knowledge and opinions regarding the endocrown technique. The Chi-square test was employed to assess the associations between categorical variables. The most of participants 228 (93.1%) had knowledge about endocrown and 94 (38.4%) of them received information from their educational institutions. Among the responses of the participants, 232 (94.7%) expressed their preference for utilizing endocrown restorations specifically for molar teeth. Moreover, 183 (74.7%) of respondents indicated that the endocrown is preferred when there is a restricted amount of inter-arch space available. A majority of respondents 152 (62.0%) indicated that the ferrule does not exert any influence on the endocrown. A majority of participants 135 (55.1%) expressed a preference for utilizing lithium disilicate ceramic in the fabrication of endocrown. The most of participants 209 (85.3%) opted to use resin cement for the purpose of cementation. The characteristics of gender, experience, and working place were found to have a significant relationship with the knowledge of the participants about endocrown (p <0.05). The study participants need to enhance their knowledge and awareness pertaining to the utilization of endocrowns as a post-endodontic treatment.

Perawatan saluran akar satu kali kunjungan dilanjutkan dengan restorasi endocrown

Introduction: Root canal treatment is a common procedure in dentistry. The main indications for root canal treatment are irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis resulting from a carious process, fracture, or trauma to the tooth. The success of root canal treatment depends on various factors, one of which is post-endodontic restoration. Objective: This case report aims to demonstrate a one-visit root canal treatment followed by endocrown restoration. Case report: A 22-year-old male patient came with complaints of throbbing tooth pain in the lower right side since 1 week ago. Intra oral examination of tooth 46 showed a temporary filling on the occlusal surface. Radiographic findings showed that the crown had a radiopaque appearance reaching the pulp chamber, without periapical abnormalities. Root canal treatment was performed based on the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis followed by endocrown restoration. Root canal treatment begins with mandibular block anesthesia and then inserts a rubber dam, opens the cavity, explores the root canal, and prepares the root canal. Biomechanical preparation was carried out using a single length technique, combined with 5.25% NaOCl irrigation, 17% EDTA, and 2% chlorhexidine. Root canal closure was performed in single visit, with the warm vertical condensation technique. The next restoration was carried out one week after root canal treatment, with an endocrown. A week later the patient came for control with no complaints. Conclusion: Root canal treatment in single visit followed by endocrown restoration was successfully carried out.