Post-disaster Settlement Research Articles

Disaster mobilities, temporalities, and recovery: experiences of the tsunami in the Maldives.

Large-scale disasters are frequently portrayed as temporally bounded, linear events after which survivors are encouraged to 'move on' as quickly as possible. In this paper, we explore how understandings of disaster mobilities and temporalities challenge such perspectives. Drawing on empirical research undertaken on Dhuvaafaru in the Maldives, a small island uninhabited until 2009 when it was populated by people displaced by the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, we examine what such understandings mean in the context of sudden population displacement followed by prolonged resettlement. The study reveals the diversity of disaster mobilities, how these reflect varied and complex temporalities of past, present, and future, and how processes of disaster recovery are temporally extended, uncertain, and often linger. In addition, the paper shows how attending to these dynamics contributes to understandings of how post-disaster settlement brings stability for some people while producing ongoing feelings of loss, longing, and unsettlement in others.

Spatial and Project Planning Characteristics of Post-disaster Settlement

Spatial and Project Planning Characteristics of Post-disaster Settlement

RECONSTRUCTING POST-EARTHQUAKE SETTLEMENT USING COMMUNITY DELIBERATION PARTICIPATION APPROACH IN YOGYAKARTA-INDONESIA

An earthquake occurred in 2006 at Yogyakarta which damaged 209,494 buildings and caused the death of 4,143 people. A post-disaster settlement reconstruction covering all settlement facilities and infrastructure was initiated using a participatory approach which involved the targeted residents in the process of mapping the conditions, potentials, and resources of the region. It is, however, important to evaluate the effectiveness of this reconstruction method to reduce the impacts of such disaster in the future. Therefore, this research was conducted to focus on the forms, levels, and driving factors of citizen participation at each reconstruction stage. A qualitative descriptive method was employed through the use of observation and the findings showed that citizens were involved in the process by attending and participating in rembug warga forums, suggesting ideas, donating funds, and serving as personnel at the socialization, planning, and implementation stages. The reconstruction led to the construction of quality residential infrastructure and facilities due to the systematic and integrated coordination of the rembug warga forums.

Planning Of Post-Disaster Residential Restoration Area In Tanah Hitam Village, Paloh District (Disaster Mitigation Of West Kalimantan Coastal

Post-Disaster Settlement Recovery Area Planning is a study that aims to find out the appropriate concept for the Tanah Hitam Village area in an effort to become a disaster response village. Based on information about the coastal area of West Kalimantan, including the area that will be submerged by sea water in the next 30 years. One thing that can be done is by preserving mangroves as a green area in coastal areas. Several targets were carried out in the form of identification of areas related to the physical and non-physical conditions of Tanah Hitam Village and the area’s macro scale. In addition, an analysis of the physical conditions of the area adjusts to existing regulations and policies. The final goal to be achieved is to be able to make a concept that is appropriate to the physical conditions of the area and the space requirements of the area. The regulations and the number of literature studies are references in the formulation of this restoration concept. Reference to Ministerial Regulation on Building and Environmental Planning is the main discussion in determining plans carried out in the area.

Arctic humanitarianism for post-disaster settlement and shelter

PurposeThis paper explores Arctic post-disaster situations by focusing on settlement and shelter in Arctic humanitarian contexts.Design/methodology/approachPrinciples of post-disaster settlement and shelter are examined for the Arctic and then for the case study of Svalbard, Norway.FindingsEstablished principles apply in the Arctic, but are not easy to implement. Limited practical experience exists, and some Arctic humanitarian situations require much more investigation to understand how to deal with the post-disaster settlement and shelter process.Originality/valueSetting an agenda for aspects of the principles and practices of Arctic humanitarianism.

City profile: Canaan, Haiti - A new post disaster city

From 2010 to 2015, Canaan was perhaps the urban settlement with the fastest exponential growth in the Western hemisphere. Technically, Canaan is not a city—at least not in the administrative sense of the term. Nor is it simply a slum on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. Instead, it is a vast, new and almost entirely self-constructed post-disaster settlement. In this city profile, we reveal the causes of this unprecedented urban phenomenon, draw a portrait of its current problems and opportunities, and present a critical review of recent policy, planning and management responses. Canaan emerged in the wake of the 2010 earthquake that partially destroyed Port-au-Prince and paralyzed the Haitian government for several months. In a matter of only five years, over 250,000 people occupied a previously empty zone. Today, Canaan lacks public infrastructure, but it is a relatively functional city. This profile reveals the gaps that exist between different perceptions of Canaan. Exposing the case of this new city sheds light on the impacts that disasters can have on urbanization dynamics. This profile invites readers to reflect on both the positive and negative impacts that the state, the aid industry, and citizens can have on peri-urban development in the Global South.

The effect of morphology of post-tsunami coastal physiography on sustainability system of relocation settlement. Case study: Gampong Saney, Lhoong sub-district, Aceh Besar regency

Development after the 2004 tsunami in Aceh province included the relocation of housing to disaster-safe areas, and the community can continue their lives, especially in the northern and western coastal regions of Aceh. A few years after the tsunami that damaged the beach, there was a change in the physiography of the coast (growing land), so that people returned to their original activities. This paper aims to describe the changes in the management of the area and patterns of community living that adapt to changes in coastal physiography in a sustainable manner. This discussion is essential, related to the new knowledge needed as a reference for post-disaster settlement development so that the synergy between national policies and local wisdom. The Approach of the studies is interpretative phenomenological research with case studies in Gampong Saney, Lhoong sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The research method is in the form of qualitative inquiry by describing the symptoms of residence (location of housing, place of livelihood activities) and interpreting it on aspects of community life, the natural environment, and regional development factors. The results showed that relocation housing was located on a dynamic, ecologically developed hill. Regional infrastructure development has a perspective on local disaster and wisdom. Society is more sensitive to natural changes and seeks to empower. The old life is slowly reawakening to adjust to the current conditions. The observation concludes that there is a change in the pattern of settlement space, which is oriented back to the sea, and economic activity becomes more diverse between land and sea. Disasters that change the coast’s physiographic have increased the diversity of natural resources and made more effectiveness to village spatial arrangements that improve the sustainability system of community life.

Housing Extension of Post-Disaster Relocation Settlement in Taiwan

Housing Extension of Post-Disaster Relocation Settlement in Taiwan

A matter of speed: The impact of material choice in post-disaster reconstruction

The effects of urbanization and climate change are dangerously converging. The most affected populations are the urban poor, settled in informal settlements vulnerable to increasingly frequent disasters. This severely contributes to the existing housing gap of these regions, already struggling with housing demand. The speed of shelter delivery becomes key for an efficient response in order to prevent spontaneous informal resettlements on unsafe lands. The present study aims to understand the impact of material choice on post-disaster shelters delivery through a multiscale analysis of construction speed. The scales considered are: Constructive technology, Shelter Unit and Post-disaster settlement. At the the Constructive technology scale, nine different reconstruction solutions for the Nepal earthquake are compared, covering a range from local to industrialized. Successively, twelve shelter designs by the International Federation of the Red Cross have been studied under the same lens at the Shelter unit scale and for Post-disaster settlements. The study identifies a clear correlation between material procurement and speed at the constructive technology scale. At the shelter scale, this correlation becomes secondary and construction time is seriously impacted by the complexity of roof design. Moving to the settlement scale, the choice of local over industrialized materials seems to drive the speed again. The study indicates how a multiscale approach is necessary to analyze the impacts of material selection, providing efficient guidelines for post-disaster reconstruction. Beyond that, it highlights that effective reconstruction can be developed with diverse materials, but its emergency responsiveness can seriously be compromised by a non-appropriate design.

Community participation framework for post-disaster resettlement and its practical application in Pakistan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a practical framework for community participation in post-disaster resettlement.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework has been tested in two model villages (MVs) of Punjab, Pakistan. Primary data were collected through household surveys, focus group discussions and expert interviews. A survey with 67 households was conducted for obtaining qualitative data regarding community participation in post-disaster resettlement.FindingsThe first MV (Ittehad MV) was resettled by the local NGO, and the second (Basti Meera Mullan) by the provincial government. Results indicate that community participation significantly varied in selected MVs. NGOs have achieved positive realizations due to effective community involvement in resettlement efforts, whereas the governmental approach lacked in proactive community participation.Practical implicationsThis framework can be used for other disasters, by refining and incorporating disaster relevant components. This research will be highly useful for disaster managers, private developers and NGOs engaged in resettling disaster-affected population.Social implicationsThe proposed framework can help disaster-affected communities to resettle according to their terms. This can only be attained if affected communities will proactively participate in resettlement planning process.Originality/valueThis original framework is exclusively designed to attain sustainability for post-disaster settlement through community participation.

Multicriteria Decision-Making Method for Sustainable Site Location of Post-Disaster Temporary Housing in Urban Areas

AbstractMany people lose their homes around the world every year because of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. In the aftermath of a natural disaster, the displaced people (DP) have to move to temporary housing (TH) and do not have the ability to choose the settlement dimensions, distributions, neighborhood, or other characteristics of their TH. Additionally, post-disaster settlement construction causes neighborhood changes, environmental degradation, and large-scale public expenditures. This paper presents a new model to support decision makers in choosing site locations for TH. The model is capable of determining the optimal site location based on the integration of economic, social, and environmental aspects into the whole life cycle of these houses. The integrated value model for sustainable assessment (MIVES), a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) model, is used to assess the sustainability of the aforementioned aspects, and MIVES includes the value function concept, w...

From research to practice (and vice versa) for post-disaster settlement and shelter

Shelter Projects (2008 – IFRC/UN-Habitat/UNHCR and 2009 – IFRC/UN-Habitat) are two books aiming to consolidate some of the lessons from post-disaster settlement and shelter case studies, spanning over 60 projects from 1945 to the present. This paper analyses many of these case studies in order to reflect on how research and practice could be better connected for post-disaster settlement and shelter. The analysis reveals that challenges exist in compiling comparative and credible data, especially due to research needs diverging from operational needs. Methodological reflections on post-disaster settlement and shelter research are provided, using occupancy rates as a key indicator and example of the challenges faced. The main lessons provided relate to timelines. Emergency shelter programmes usually take many months, or in some cases years, to implement fully, meaning that their time frame tends to exceed that of media and donor interest. Meanwhile, research needs more longitudinal studies to provide long-term policy and practice lessons. Overall, providing disaster-affected populations with support so that they can identify and meet their own post-disaster settlement and shelter needs is the main lesson that emerges from both research and operational experience.