Post Development Stage Research Articles

Artificial intelligence in supply chain management: enablers and constraints in pre-development, deployment, and post-development stages

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the AI supply chain journey, combining a systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical interviews with supply chain experts. The objective is to identify and analyze key enablers and constraints influencing AI in the pre-development, deployment, and post-development stages. The research integrates empirical data with a Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, revealing the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors. The thematic analysis uncovers six axial themes for the pre-development stage and one theme for the deployment and post-development stages respectively, providing valuable insights into factors influencing successful AI integration. Moreover, industry-specific insights are unveiled for the Airline, Agri-food, Retail, and Logistics sectors, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors and tailored AI strategies. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by offering practical implications for AI integration in supply chains, highlighting the significance of managing constraints and industry heterogeneity. By identifying and understanding the key constraints, this research provides a deeper understanding of the constraints faced during different stages of AI in supply chains. This study makes a substantial contribution to the current socio-technical discourse on the successful journey of AI in supply chains by deriving eight propositions that offer valuable insights. These propositions delve into the practical implications of addressing constraints and transforming them into enablers for achieving enhanced supply chain performance. The propositions offer guidance to both academic researchers and industry professionals, equipping them with actionable strategies to navigate the complexities and intricacies of integrating AI technologies into the supply chain. By embracing these propositions, stakeholders can effectively harness the power of AI to optimize various aspects of the supply chain, leading to improved efficiency, agility, and competitiveness. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing the understanding of the AI journey in supply chains and offers practical solutions to drive the successful embracing of AI technologies in real-world supply chain environments.

Taking CarE of Your Self (Caring & Empathy Cyber Counseling)

Counseling can not only be carried out in person or face-to-face but can also be carried out online. Online counseling can make it easier for every user to get counseling services quickly and precisely. This study aims to produce online counseling applications. The research method used is Research and development (R and D) which has ten stages of research. The development procedure consists of the pre-development stage to determine the need for cyber-based counseling service applications, the development stage is the activity of compiling product drafts, making applications, and application content, and the post-development stage is the trial stage to perfect the product, which is carried out by expert validators, practitioner validators and product trials by users. This research resulted in an online counseling application called the CarE application, namely Caring & Empathy Cyber ??Counseling which contains 10 service menus, namely classical guidance, orientation services, information services, group counseling, individual counseling, group counseling, peer counseling, case conferences, and reinforcement of instrumentation applications and system support.

VR-Based Learning Media of Earthquake-Resistant Construction for Civil Engineering Students

The shaking of the surface of the Earth is what is known as an earthquake; its effects can span a wide area and cause such damage as to result in the total collapse of buildings. It is essential to improve the construction industry to protect buildings from disaster. However, construction development is costly. Therefore, this article focuses mainly on creating an earthquake-resistant construction model using Virtual Reality (VR), which offers its users new ways to improve knowledge transfer and communication. There were three stages in generating this model: pre-development, development, and post-development. These stages include a needs assessment, planning, initial development, validation, analysis and evaluation, and field testing. In the post-development stage, the model was then tested by civil engineering students, and a statistical analysis was used to evaluate the implementation of VR. The VR was developed to assist civil engineering students while fostering their interest in information technology. The results indicated that the VR-based application had a favorable and significant effect on learning. In addition, the mean score of 17.3 showed an improvement in average score for the VR-based application compared to traditional education. Integration of VR into civil engineering education can statistically improve learning outcomes, particularly regarding the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings.

Enhancement of biogranules development using magnetized powder activated carbon.

Biogranulation has emerged as a viable alternative biological wastewater treatment approach because of its strong biodegradability potential, toxicity tolerance, and biomass retention features. However, this process requires a long duration for biogranules formation to occur. In this study, magnetic powder activated carbon (MPAC) was used as support material in a sequencing batch reactor to enhance biogranules development for wastewater treatment. Two parallel SBRs (designated R1 and R2) were used, with R1 serving as a control without the presence of MPAC whileR2 wasoperated with MPAC. The biodegradability capacity and biomass properties of MPAC biogranules were compared with a control system. The measured diameter of biogranules for R1 and R2 after 8weeks of maturation were 2.2mm and 3.4mm, respectively. The integrity coefficient of the biogranules in R2 was higher (8.3%) than that of R1 (13.4%), indicating that the addition of MPAC improved the structure of the biogranules in R2. The components of extracellular polymeric substances were also higher in R2 than in R1. Scanning electronic microscopy was able to examine the morphological structures of the biogranules which showed there were irregular formations compacted together. However, there were more cavities situated in R1 biogranules (without MPAC) when compared to R2 biogranules (with MPAC). Dye removal reached 65% and 83% in R1 and R2 in the post-development stage. This study demonstrates that the addition of MPAC could shorten and improve biogranules formation. MPAC acted as the support media for microbial growth during the biogranulation developmental process.

Sustainable real estate management practice: Exploring the priority of operational stage for actualizing sustainable built environment goal in sub-Saharan Africa

In the real estate and construction industry, the built environment contributes to environmental crises and climate threats . However, what are the environmental negative effects/impacts at the post-development stage (operational stages)? Are they different from those at virgin constructions? After the construction phase, what factors inhibit the adoption of sustainable real estate management practice, herein referred to as the green lease movement? To what extent has sustainable real estate management practice been adopted in Nigerian commercial cities? Specifically, this study examines negative environmental crises at the operational stages and confirms if different from the conventional counterpart. It also examines the factors inhibiting the full adoption of sustainable real estate management practices. Similar to conventional construction, carbon dioxide emissions and toxic waste generation emerged as the major negative effects/impacts during the operational stage. Lack of prerequisite skills, enforcement of green leases, inadequate training, and empowerment of licenced property managers and occupiers on how such leases operate significantly inhibit the full adoption of green leases in the region. Energy conservation bulbs and digital metering are the most adopted features. The current property management practice does not address these negative effects/impacts.

Assessing Sponge Cities Performance at City Scale Using Remotely Sensed LULC Changes: Case Study Nanjing

As a result of high-density urbanization and climate change, both the frequency and intensity of extreme urban rainfall are increasing. Drainage systems are not designed to cope with this increase, and as a result, floods are becoming more common in cities, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of China. To better cope with more frequent and severe urban flooding and to improve the water quality of stormwater runoff, the Chinese government launched the national Sponge City Construction (SCC) program in 2014. The current SCC design standards and guidelines are based on static values (e.g., return periods, rainfall intensities, and volume capture ratio (VCR)). They do not fully acknowledge the large differences in climate conditions across the country and assume that the hydraulic conditions will not change over time. This stationary approach stems from the traditional engineering approach designed for grey infrastructure (following a “one size fits all” approach). The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the VCR baseline (before construction in the pre-development stage) and changes in VCR (difference between the VCR of the pre- and post-development stage). The VCR of the post-development stage is one of the required indicators of the Assessment Standard for Sponge Cities Effects to evaluate SCC projects. In this study, the VCR was derived from remote-sensing-based land use land cover (LULC) change analysis, applying an unsupervised classification algorithm on different Landsat images from 1985 to 2015. A visualization method (based upon Sankey chart, which depicts the flows and their proportions of components) and a novel and practical partitioning method for built-up regions were developed to visualize and quantify the states and change flows of LULC. On the basis of these findings, we proposed a new indicator, referred to as VCRa-L, in order to assess the changes in urban hydrology after SCC construction. This study employed the city of Nanjing as a case study and analyzed detailed information on how LULC changes over time of built-up areas. The surface area of the urban and built-up areas of Nanjing quadrupled from 11% in 1985 to 44% in 2015. In the same period, neither the entire city nor its subregions reached the VCR target of 80%. The proposed new methodology aims to support national, regional, and city governments to identify and prioritize where to invest and implement SCC measures more effectively in cities across China.

An Empirical Analysis on the Importance and the Risk Factors of the Housing Development Project

라북도의 열악한 경제구조 및 높은 고령화로 인해 생산 가능인구 감소 속에서 부동산 개발사업중 전주시, 군산시, 익산시를 중심으로 공동주택 개발사업의 안정적인 사업진행을 위해서 리스크 요인을 인식하고 리스크를 최소화할 수 있는 관리방안이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적을 이루기 위해 다음의 연구방 법으로 진행하였다. 첫째, 공동주택 개발의 리스크 및 부동산 개발사업의 리스크에 관한 연구와 관련된 다수의 선행연구 자료들을 취합 검토하였고, 연구자의 부동산 개발 사업에 오랫동안 종사한 연구자의 판단에 따라 리스크 요인을 추가 및 보완하였다. 최종 도출된 공동주택 개발의 리스크 요인을 분류 후공동주택 개발에 종사한 15년 이상 시행·시공 전문가를 대상으로 표적 집단 심층면접법(Focus Interview Group 이하 FGI) 방법으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 내용은 개발과정에서 발생될수 있는 리스크 요인을 개발 전 평가단계, 개발준비단계, 개발 단계, 개발 후 단계 등 크게 4단계로 구분하였고 속성별, 요인별 3단계로 세분하여 설문을 실시하였다. 둘째, 분류된 리스크 요인을 근거로각 리스크 요인별 중요도와 종합위험도를 산정하기 위해 AHP분석과 Fuzzy분석을 적용하였다. 1단계 AHP분석으로 리스크 요인간의 전문가 의견의 중요도 비교를 통한 가중치의 설정 및 리스크 요인들의 상대적중요도를 분석하였다. 2단계 퍼지분석은 불확실성을 정량적이며 합리적으로 처리하는 종합적인 평가 방법이다. 퍼지측도를 적용해서 절대적 중요도를 구한 후 다시 상대적 중요도와 절대적 중요도 수치를 퍼지측도를 통하여 보정을 한 후 퍼지적분을 이용하여 최종 중요도와 종합위험도를 산정하였다.1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to examine the major risk factors by measuring the level of importance of each apartment development project and to find ways to avoid or minimize risks at each stage and to develop the apartment development project. (2) RESEARCH METHOD We have collected and analyzed a number of prior research data related to the risk of housing development, and suggested risk factors according to the judgment of researchers who have been engaged in the real estate development project for a long time. We conducted questionnaires using the Focus Interview Group method for fifteen years or more of construction professionals who have engaged in the development of apartment houses. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS AHP analysis and Fuzzy analysis were applied to calculate the importance and overall risk of each risk factor. 2. RESULTS According to the comprehensive risk, results in pre-development evaluation stage, development site selection risk, marketing risk, and planning feasibility risk were analyzed in order of importance. In the development preparation stage, the total risk of site acquisition risk was estimated to be the lowest, and the importance of each risk factor was confirmed to be high. In the development stage, the total risk of unsold real estate risk was estimated to be the lowest, and the importance of each risk factor was estimated to be low. In the post development stage, the total risk of occupancy risk was estimated to be the lowest, and the importance of each risk factor was estimated to be ineffective due to lack of real estate management knowledge.

Differential effects of patriotism and support on post-development visit intention: the Korean DMZ Peace Park

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how resident support for the development of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) Peace Park incorporates two key components (support and patriotism) as part of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The results of this study confirm that support is important because it is directly associated with three TPB constructs, and it acts as a mediator between patriotism and the three TPB constructs. Both support and patriotism are statistically significant but different depending on the distance to the DMZ Peace Park. Resident support in the predevelopment stage can possibly extend to behavioral support in the post-development stage.

Evolution of the vegetation system in the Heihe River basin in the last 2000 years

Abstract. The response of vegetation systems to the long-term changes in climate, hydrology, and social–economic conditions in river basins is critical for sustainable river basin management. This study aims to investigate the evolution of natural and crop vegetation systems in the Heihe River basin (HRB) over the past 2000 years. Archived Landsat images, historical land use maps and hydrological records were introduced to derive the long-term spatial distribution of natural and crop vegetation and the corresponding biomass levels. The major findings are that (1) both natural and crop vegetation experienced three development stages: a pre-development stage (before the Republic of China), a rapid development stage (Republic of China – 2000), and a post-development stage (after 2000). Climate and hydrological conditions did not show significant impacts over crop vegetation, while streamflow presented synchronous changes with natural vegetation in the first stage. For the second stage, warmer temperature and increasing streamflow were found to be important factors for the increase in both natural and crop vegetation in the middle reaches of the HRB. For the third stage, positive climate and hydrological conditions, together with policy interventions, supported the overall vegetation increase in both the middle and lower HRB; (2) there was a significantly faster increase in crop biomass than that of native vegetation since 1949, which could be explained by the technological development; and (3) the ratio of natural vegetation to crop vegetation decreased from 16 during the Yuan Dynasty to about 2.2 since 2005. This ratio reflects the reaction of land and water development to a changing climate and altering social–economic conditions at the river basin level; therefore, it could be used as an indicator of water and land management at river basins.

A Study on the Relative Importance of Policy Preventing Gentrification using AHP Method

본 논문은 최근 우리사회에서 이슈가 되고 있는 젠트리피케이션 현상의 방지를 위해 자치단체에서 추진하는 사업 진행 시 고려해야 할 3개 분야 11개 지표를 선정하고 그중요도를 측정, 연계성을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 부동산 관련 전문가 등 112명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 분석기법은 AHP를 활용하였다. 문항 구성은 젠트리피케 이션 방지를 위한 서울시 종합대책을 중심으로 사업시행 전 기획단계, 사업시행단계, 사업완료 후 관리운영 단계 등 단계별로 지표를 설정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 민/관 지역공동체 협력사업에서 젠트리피케이션과 관련해 중요하게 나타난 단계는 사업시행단계(0.388), 관리운영 단계(0.333), 기획단계(0.280) 순으로 조사 되었으며, 기획단계에서 가장 중요하게 나타난 항목은 전담‧자문단 모니터링의 필요성, 사업시행단계에서는 지역공동체 핵심 시설 제공, 관리운영단계에서는 특수목적회사(SPC) 해체 후 지분투자 중요도가 가장 높게 평가되었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 향후 젠트리피 케이션 방지를 위해 우선적으로 시행할 수 있는 대책들을 분석하여 기초자료로 활용할수 있다는데 의의가 있다. 따라서 수립되어 있는 대책들 중에서 전문가들의 의견을 토대로 중요한 요소들을 먼저 필요한 사업에 투입한다면 효과적으로 젠트리피케이션 방지를 위한 대책에 활용되리라 생각된다.The aim of this study is to prioritize a set of relevant policy to prevent Gentification, a newly observed phenomenon in urban re-development process. The samples in this study include 112 participants by 42 workers at local government, 31 industry professionals, and 31 housing tenants. In data analysis, we adopt the Analytical Hierocracy Process(AHP) method based on a set of comprehensive questionnaire surveys conducted by City of Seoul. As the results of this analysis, the study found that a majority of respondents reveal an initial phase of development is an upmost critical stage to impose a set of instructions to prevent Gentrification . The second important phase is a post-development stage. Third, a local government plays a prolonged role in providing an anchor facility to enhance an active community engagement. Finally, this study found that equity investment by developer is also important to prevent a possible negative externalities of gentrification. The findings suggest that the relative importance measurement of what?? on each questions can provide a systematic approach to the preventive policy for gentrification and furthermore, can be used as a systematic guideline for the future local community driven development.

Geroprotective potential of sodium butyrate in Drosophila melanogaster: Long-term effects

Recently we demonstrated [1] that the dietary intake of sodium butyrate, which is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, by Drosophila melanogaster, either throughout their whole life or at the adult stage only, results in an increased life span. The potential impact of sodium butyrate on epigenetic control of gene function and, therefore, the possibility of its long-term influence on life span led to the assumption that dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate during the larval stage of development may result in a potential increase of the adult life span. Experimental verification of this hypothesis was carried out in the present study. Nutritional supplementation with sodium butyrate during the larval stage of development at a concentration of 20 mmol/L resulted in a statistically significant increase in the average life span of male flies. The maximum life span of males was statistically increased in the case of sodium butyrate intake at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mmol/L. The average life span in females was demonstrated to remain at a similar level following the administration of sodium butyrate, whereas the maximum life span increased significantly in a female group treated with sodium butyrate at a concentration of 10 mmol/L compared to the control group. Female reproductive activity remained the same in all groups. To test the hypothesis whether the observed long-term effect of sodium butyrate exposure on the flies’ longevity is caused by the induction of persistent epigenetic changes, the levels of expression of some longevity-associated genes, including hsp70, sir2, and InR, were determined. The expression level of sir2, which is known to play an important role in the stimulation of longevity after calorie restriction, increased significantly in a group of flies treated with sodium butyrate at a concentration of 20 mmol/L at the larval stage and further subjected to starvation in the postdevelopment stage in comparison with the control group.

Impact of Irrigation Development on Livelihoods – Walawe Left Bank Irrigation Upgrading and Extension Project, Southern Sri Lanka

This paper examines the impact of irrigation development on livelihoods of rural communities based on a study implemented in an irrigation development project in southern Sri Lanka. Though irrigation development is one main strategy for socioeconomic development and poverty eradication in many developing countries in the world, it is perceived to have both positive and negative impacts, especially on natural resources like forest, wetland and other land resources and ecosystems on which the livelihood activities of the rural communities are dependent upon. The rational behind the study is to further examine both negative and positive impacts of irrigation development on livelihoods and propose measures for mitigating the negative ones. In the study areas were selected in different stages of irrigation development such as post-development, during development and pre-development to compare and contrast the impact of irrigation development. It applied multiple methods, both qualitative and quantitative, in data collection. In the analysis of data, sustain able livelihood framework was applied in order to understand how the irrigation development project has contributed to assure sustainable livelihood. The study substantiates that people have opportunities for more reliable livelihood and income earning opportunities in irrigated areas compared to those during irrigation development and pre-development stages. More people with high education levels, more households with permanent houses, sanitary facilities and better living standard are found in areas in post irrigation development stages indicating the positive impacts on irrigation development on livelihoods. Due to the impacts of irrigation development projects, the people in the areas in post development stages have easy access to facilities such as improved roads, hospitals, schools, post offices etc. The communities in areas during irrigation development have serious problems such as non availability of lands for cultivation and livestock keeping as forest and scrub jungles areas used by them for slash and burn and grazing their animals are developed for irrigation. They also have lost opportu nity to collect Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for consumption and earning a little cash income by marketing them. In the areas under predeveloped stage, small tanks have no adequate water to cultivate two crops a year and the forests used by them for slash and burn too have been disappeared in the recent past due to too much exploitation with the population growth. This has created a chronic poverty situation in the areas in pre-development stage. Though there are many positive impacts of irrigation development on livelihoods of people as observed in the areas in post development stage, the study highlights some negative impacts too. The recurrent conflicts among the irrigation communities over water, development of salinity in the down stream areas and use of fertilizer and agrochemicals which too have negative impacts on the environment could be observed in the areas in post development stage. In addition, landlessness and poverty among the second and third genera tion members of settler communities in the areas in the post development stage raises the question whether irrigation development alone could lead to sustainable livelihoods.

Gestão da cooperação empresa-universidade: o caso de uma Multinacional Brasileira

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como uma multinacional brasileira gerencia a cooperação com fontes externas de tecnologia, tais como universidades e institutos de pesquisa. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza descritiva; como método, utilizou-se o estudo de caso, onde se estudou em profundidade a Empresa Brasileira de Compressores [Embraco]. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a Embraco gerencia a cooperação com fontes externas de tecnologia, a partir de um modelo de gestão formal, integrado por onze práticas administrativas que são processadas linearmente. Estas práticas gerenciais são basicamente efetivadas seqüencialmente em três fases: a fase de pré-desenvolvimento da cooperação, na qual ocorre a definição dos projetos, a seleção dos parceiros e o planejamento das atividades; a fase de desenvolvimento da cooperação, onde os contratos são firmados, a infra-estrutura é organizada, e as atividades são executadas e acompanhadas; e a fase de pós-desenvolvimento da cooperação, na qual as atividades são avaliadas, o conhecimento é transferido, e a propriedade intelectual é garantida. Apenas as práticas de acompanhamento e de avaliação tendem a ocorrer de forma mais dinâmica, ao longo do processo de cooperação.

Catchment Size, Soil Type and Land Use to Determine the Amount and Likelihood of Flood in the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE) Region

Size of catchment, soil types and land use are some of the factors that influence the flood phenomenon. Generally, the amount and behavior of the runoff from precipitation are analyzed to observe their effects on the catchment in terms of flood occurrence. This study measures the likelihood of flood event by comparing the peak flow rates at the pre development and post development stages of the major system. The approach used is by the most common practice in hydrology that is Rational Method. With a higher peak flow rate obtained at post development stage, it has been proven that as more urbanization takes place, there is the more flood occurrence. Similar results are obtained where the poorly-drained soils like peat and clay are present at certain area in the region. It has been verified that the size of catchment contributes the most on the flood risk.

수용액에서 TiO2광분해법에 의한 비스페놀 A 분해과정이 Zebrafish의 발생과 성숙기에 미치는 영향

We investigated the relationship between the <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> photocatalytic decomposition of bisphenol A in water and biological toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) during <TEX>$1\sim28$</TEX> weeks post development stage. The bisphenol A in water was completely degraded by the <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> photocatalysis in 50 hours. After the photocatalysis, no toxic effects on the morphogenesis of the zebrafish were observed during the development, growth, and maturate stages. Catalase activity of control group was not different from <TEX>$1\sim5$</TEX> week post fertilized group. However, toxic effect on the catalase activity of adult stage(28 weeks) decreased 50% than control group.

Three-dimensional modelling as part of architectural design

Some applications of computer colour modelling to the post-development stages of the design process are described. Three aspects are shown, namely, the communications opportunities, the need to revise/refine the established design in the light of the 3D information, and the chance to assess colour schemes and generate alternative/new schemes.

Integrating Climate Change Lessons in Grades 7 and 8 Science

This study designed, developed, validated and tested the effectiveness of the climate change lessons integrated into Grades 7 and 8 Science concepts of population, pollution, biodiversity, environmental factors and environmental phenomena. The study was conducted in Bukidnon State University-Secondary School Laboratory (SSL) during the school year 2013-2014. Three stages followed in the preparation of the lessons: predevelopment, development, and post-development stages. The criteria of the Department of Education (DepEd) was used by the five experts and ten pre-service teachers in evaluating the lesson plans. Grades 7 and 8 students also evaluated the lessons. Findings showed that the climate change lessons met the criteria for validity, specifically on functionality and usability. The developed lessons were appropriate, appealing and exciting, challenging, easy to understand, and enjoyable to the students. The result showed that both Grades 7 and 8 students from the experimental groups obtained the level Approaching Proficiency (AP). This indicates that the students have developed the basic knowledge and skills but cannot transfer learning independently. The performance of the control groups for both Grades 7 and 8 falls below the level Developing (D) which means possessing minimum knowledge, skills, and understanding but needs help throughout the performance of authentic tasks. Competence levels along the five climate change concepts were also determined. Data suggest that students show great difficulty in understanding or learning creatively in producing products or performance especially in the concepts of biodiversity and population for Grades 7 and biodiversity for Grades 8.Keywords: climate change, integration, population, pollution, biodiversity, environmental factors, environmental phenomena