Post-cesarean Section Research Articles

Arteriovenous malformation associated with trophoblastic retention post-cesarean section: A case report and review

Arteriovenous malformation associated with trophoblastic retention post-cesarean section: A case report and review

The Use of Foley Catheters in Hysteroscopy Combined With Laparoscopy for the Treatment of Post-Cesarean Section Uterine Diverticulum

The Use of Foley Catheters in Hysteroscopy Combined With Laparoscopy for the Treatment of Post-Cesarean Section Uterine Diverticulum

The Effect of Giving Hot-Packs on The Grade of Shivering in Post-Surgery Caesarean Section Patients at Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam

Shivering after anesthesia is a recovery mechanism in the body due to negative side effects such as discomfort and pain due to stretching of the surgical scar, and increased muscle activity following increased oxygen demand. When a client experiences shivering, it is necessary to warm the body with heat therapy given to clients whose temperature is ? 36?C. A hot-pack is a closed package containing gel with a temperature of 40?C. The hot-pack will be given on the right and left inner arms for about 15 minutes. The type of research used is pre-experimental with one group Pre-test and Post-test design. The technique used in sampling in this study is non-probability sampling, in the form of Accidental sampling with a sample size of 20 respondents, while the instrument used in this study is an observation sheet. This study uses univariate and bivariate analysis. In this study, bivariate analysis was carried out using the Paired T-Test. Based on the Statistical Test conducted using the Paired Sample T-test method, the value obtained was p value 0.000 (? <0.05) which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is an Effect of Giving Hot-Packs on the Degree of Shivering in Post-Caesarean Section Patients at Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. This study concludes that giving hot-packs reacts to skin receptors and channels the temperature effect on body heat so that it can reduce shivering.

Overview of the Incidence of Post-Sectio Caesaria Back Pain with Spinal Anesthesia: A Literature Review

Post-cesarean back pain with spinal anesthesia is one of the most common complications and can affect the patient's quality of life. Although spinal anesthesia is a safe and commonly used option in surgical procedures, the risk of back pain remains, especially if the anesthesia technique is not optimal. This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence of post-cesarean section back pain with spinal anesthesia based on a literature review over the past 10 years. This study is a literature review that reviews 10 scientific journals published in the last 10 years. The focus of this study includes the prevalence of back pain, risk factors, anesthesia techniques, and post-cesarean section back pain management. The results of the review showed that the prevalence of post-cesarean back pain ranged from 30% to 50%, with the main risk factors being age, body mass index, and anesthesia techniques. The use of smaller atraumatic needles and careful anesthesia techniques can reduce the incidence of back pain. Back pain is generally temporary, but in some patients it can develop into chronic pain. Post-cesarean section back pain with spinal anesthesia can be prevented with proper anesthesia techniques and good pain management. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to reduce the prevalence of chronic pain and improve the patient's quality of life.

The effects of footbath on postpartum pain after caesarean section: A case report

Background: Caesarean section delivery is carried out not only based on medical indications but also non-medical ones. Caesarean section delivery has an impact on both the mother and fetus. The risk of delivery with caesarean section is three times greater than with normal delivery. Purpose: To determine the effect of a footbath on postpartum pain after cesarean section. Method: Descriptive case study with a nursing process approach which includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. Results: Footbath for 20 minutes at a time can make the patient more relaxed and calm the patient. This therapy can lower the postpartum pain scale from 5 to 3. Conclusion: Footbath or soaking the feet in warm water can reduce postpartum pain after a cesarean section. This therapy is recommended as an additional intervention to reduce pain in post-cesarean section mothers.

Profile of Nausea and Vomiting After Sectio Caesarea Surgery with Spinal Anesthesia at ST. Teresa Marampa Hospital

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a condition that can occur within 24 hours after surgery, and can impact patient harm and cause complications. This study aims to identify the incidence of nausea and vomiting in post-cesarean section patients with spinal anesthesia. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive retrospective research design. Researchers analyzed patient medical records at ST. Teresa Marampa Hospital from January to December 2023, with a sample of 80 respondents using the total sampling technique. The data collection tool used was an observation sheet. Of the 80 respondents, general characteristics based on age showed that most respondents were aged 26-35 years (45 people, 56.3%). Based on labor history, the majority were multiparous (43 people, 53.8%), and 100% of respondents had a history of at term pregnancy. Most respondents did not experience nausea and vomiting (62 people, 77.5%). The profile of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at ST Hospital. Teresa Marampa Hospital showed that 77.5% of respondents did not experience nausea and vomiting. This finding has important clinical implications, as these results may help in clinical decision making regarding postoperative management. By understanding the profile of nausea and vomiting, medical personnel can design more effective prevention strategies, improve patient comfort, and reduce the risk of complications.

A case of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy with associated Post-Cesarean section and Grand mal seizure

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but life-threatening disease in later stages of pregnancy. PPCM presents in the last month of pregnancy or within five months of puerperium in the absence of pre- existing heart disease. It remains a poorly understood entity and its management remains a topic of debate. Although majority recovers, long-term morbidity is quitecommon. Peripartum discomforts often mask and delay the diagnosis of PPCM. Unavailability of previous cardiac imaging is rather common and this makes the diagnosis even more complicated. Early and aggressive management towards reducing preload show evidence of better outcome. Here we report a case of PPCM presenting to us diagnosed after Caesarean Section followed by Grand mal seizure. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2024; 12 (2): 163-166

Comparing Cesarean Scar Defect Incidence After Locked and Unlocked Repair Methods Among Primiparous Patients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Trial.

To compare residual myometrial thickness (RMT) and cesarean scar defect (CSD) development after cesarean section using double-layer locked and unlocked closure techniques. We conducted a randomized double-blinded trial comparing double-layer locked and unlocked uterine closure techniques following cesarean section in primiparous women. The locked technique involved continuous suturing of the full myometrial thickness in the first layer, followed by back-and-forth needle maneuvering on both sides of the incision for the second layer. The unlocked method included running suturing of two-thirds of the myometrial thickness in the first layer, followed by suturing the upper half of the myometrial thickness in the second layer. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed one year post-cesarean section, with RMT as the primary outcome and scar depth and width as secondary outcomes. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were utilized for statistical analysis. All 30 patients from the locked and 26 from the unlocked group in the follow-up were diagnosed with CSD (scar depth>2mm). The mean RMT for the unlocked and locked groups were 4.44±1.07mm and 4.12±0.48mm, respectively, showing no significant difference (p =0.14). There was also no significant difference in mean scar width between the locked and unlocked groups (3.68±1.44mm vs. 3.95±1.00mm, p =0.42). However, the mean scar depth was higher in the unlocked group (3.77±1.11 mm vs. 3.16±1.1mm, p =0.04). We have found no significant differences in the RMT and CSD prevalence between two-layered locked and unlocked uterine closure techniques, while the scar depth was greater in the unlocked group. Nonetheless, future randomized trials implementing larger sample sizes are required to precisely compare the outcomes of the double-layer locked and unlocked uterine suturing techniques.

Hubungan Intensitas Nyeri dengan Produksi ASI Padaibu Post Sectio Caesariadi RSUD Perdagangan Kecamatan Bandar Kabupaten Simalungun Tahun 2022

Sectio caesarea is a solution for handling births with complications, Sectio Caesaria in Indonesia every year deliveries with sectio caesaria are increasing. Surgical procedures such as Sectio Caesaria are actions that cause tension (stress) because this action involves removing the fetus through the abdomen (Laparotomy) which requires an incision into the uterus (Hysterotomy). The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between pain intensity and breast milk production in post-cesarean section mothers at RSUD. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between pain intensity and breast milk production in post-cesarean mothers at the Bandarkar Subdistrict, Simalungun District Trade Hospital in 2022. It can be used as a source of information for mothers who are about to give birth and postpartum mothers to know about description of the intensity of pain in mothers post Sectio Caesaria at the Trade Hospital which causes disruption in breast milk production.

Effect of Acupressure Points H7 and LI4 on Pain Intensity Post Caesarean Section in Women Giving Birth at Bhayangkara Hospital TK.I PUSDOKKES POLRI in 2024

Postoperative pain is a common problem faced by mothers after undergoing a cesareansection. Effective pain management is essential to accelerate recovery and improvepatient comfort. Acupressure, as a non-invasive treatment technique, has been known tohave the potential to relieve pain by stimulating certain points in the body. This studyaims to determine the effect of acupressure at the H7 and LI4 points on the intensity ofpost-cesarean section pain in mothers giving birth at the Bhayangkara Hospital TK1PUSDOKKES Polri in 2024. This study used a pre-experiment with a pretest-posttestwith a one-group pretest-posttest design. Sampling was carried out using a purposivesampling technique of 35 respondents. The analysis used a non-parametric test, theFriedman test. The Friedman test analysis showed a significant effect of acupressure atthe H7 and LI4 points on the intensity of post-cesarean section pain in mothers givingbirth with a p-value of 0.000. Acupressure at the H7 and LI4 points affects the intensityof post-cesarean section pain in mothers giving birth at the Bhayangkara Hospital Level1 Pusdokkes Polri in 2024. Mothers giving birth with post-cesarean section surgery areadvised to use the acupressure method to reduce dependence on analgesic drugs,thereby reducing the risk of side effects of drugs. They can be used as an alternative toconventional therapy in pain management.

Oxytocin Massage on Pain Levels and Breast Milk Production in Post Cesarean Section (Case Study)

Post cesarean section (CS) is a physiological condition that occurs in women who give birth via cesarean section or surgery. The changes include pain, uterine involution, breastfeeding (ASI) production, and psychological adjustments.. According to research, 20-80% of post CS patients experience moderate to severe pain that is inadequately managed. In Indonesia, this occurs at a rate of 30-80%. The effective breastfeeding rate in Indonesia is 55.5%, which does not yet meet the national target of 80%. Given the magnitude of these issues, the author aims to describe the influence of oxytocin massage application on pain levels and ASI production in post CS patients through this scientific work. The methodology used is a case study involving patients Mrs. L on their first day post CS. The intervention was applied from the second to the third day post CS, twice daily. The results of this application show that oxytocin massage can reduce pain from a scale of 7 to 3 and increase breast milk production, with a cumulative increase from no milk output to more than 50 cc.. It is hoped that the application of evidence-based nursing: oxytocin massage can be implemented as a standard intervention for post CS patients in hospitals.

The Effect of Consuming Boiled Eggs on the Acceleration of Healing of Post Sectio Caesarea Wounds in the Working Area of the Pandanwangi Health Center, Malang City

Caesarean Section (CS) is a surgical procedure to give birth to a baby by making an incision in the uterine wall. Healing of CS wounds requires high protein, but many mothers avoid protein-rich foods for fear of worsening the wound. One of the nutrients that is high in protein, economical, and easy to find is eggs, because one egg contains > 90% Ca and Fe, 9 essential amino acids, and 6 grams of quality protein proven to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of boiled eggs on accelerating wound healing Post Sectio Caesarea in the work area of the Pandanwangi Health Center, Malang City in 2024. This research method uses a Quasi Experiment design, the sampling method uses a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 22 people divided into treatment groups and control groups. Data analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Chi Square test. The results of the study obtained 11 Post Sectio Caesarea mothers who consumed boiled chicken eggs, 9 (81.8%) experienced faster healing compared to the control group (27.3%). Consumption of boiled chicken eggs showed a significant effect on the healing time of stitches in mothers after post-Cesarean section (p-value = 0.030). It is expected that health center officers can provide education to post-Cesarean mothers about the benefits of boiled eggs in accelerating the healing of Cesarean wounds.

Effects of Lavender Oil Aromatherapy on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort after Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study aims to determine the effects of lavender oil aromatherapy on pain, anxiety, and comfort after cesarean section. Methods: This study was conducted as a three-group randomized and controlled trial conducted in a city hospital in Adana, Türkiye between August and December 2020.The study included 93 women who had cesarean section, with 30 women in the experimental group, 31 women in the placebo group, and 32 women in the control group. The study was conducted in four phases including before the cesarean and 1st, 4th, and 8th hours post-cesarean section. Data were collected through the “Personal Information Form”, the “Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)”, the “Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI)”, the “State Anxiety Inventory (SAI)”, and the “Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS)”. Results: The women in the experimental, control and placebo groups were found to demonstrate statistically significant differences in terms of their VAS mean scores according to the processes (P

Retrospective review of surgeon administered transversus abdominis plane blocks at emergency caesarean.

Effective analgesics with minimal side effects are imperative for patient and neonate wellbeing postpartum. Post-caesarean section ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have proven safety and efficacy. Surgical TAP blocks appear effective and require little time and equipment. No previous examination of surgical TAP blocks in patients having undergone emergency caesarean section has been undertaken. To investigate surgical TAP block and multimodal analgesic use during emergency caesarean section, the effect on surgical time, post-operative analgesia use, and admission length. We performed a retrospective review of 250 patients who underwent emergency caesarean in 2022. Surgical TAP blocks were performed with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine either side. Primary outcomes included surgical time, length of admission, time to first request of rescue opiate, opiate use in first post-operative 24 h, total dose used during admission, and opiates prescribed on discharge. Ninety-six patients received surgical TAP blocks, and 154 did not. There were no statistically significant differences in the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients who did not receive intrathecal morphine, body mass index over 30 kg/m2, for patients whom this was their first caesarean, and for TAP blocks versus local infiltration to the wound. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes in these subgroups. Surgical TAP blocks did not prolong surgical time or decrease post-operative analgesia use or admission length in patients having undergone emergency caesarean. Patient-tailored multimodal analgesia is encouraged, although more research is needed.

Postoperative Cesarean Section Pain Management Using Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Intrathecal Morphine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

PurposeCompare and evaluate the effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus intrathecal morphine (ITM) on elective postcesarean section pain, opioid consumption, and related side effects. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. MethodsA search for evidence was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Collaboration Database, UpToDate, Health Source, and gray literature. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the study. The methodological quality of evidence assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. The meta-analysis used Review Manager (RevMan 5.4, The Cochrane Collaboration). FindingsA total of 11 RCTs involving 1,129 patients were analyzed. Compared to ITM, TAP has a similar effect on static (mean difference [MD]; 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.04 to 0.79; P = .08) and dynamic pain scores (MD, 0.43; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.92; P = .09) within the first 48 hours after surgery. Additionally, the TAP block had a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.66; P < .0001) and increased opioid consumption (MD, 6.78; 95% CI, 3.79 to 9.77; P < .00001). Overall, TAP block and ITM did not differ in the time to first to rescue analgesia, incidence of sedation, and pruritus. ConclusionsEvidence suggests that TAP blocks are equivalent to ITM in pain scores and more effective at lowering the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, yet ITM has been shown to be more effective in reducing postoperative opioid consumption.

Comparison of patient-controlled epidural analgesia and epidural morphine for post-cesarean section analgesia: experience from a tertiary center in China.

To compare patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and epidural morphine (EM) for post-cesarean section analgesia in real-world experience from China. Parturients receiving one dose of EM (1-2mg), PCEA, or both EM and PCEA from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively recruited. Logistic models were used to identify risk factors. Of 1079 parturients enrolled, 919 (85.2%) parturients received only EM, 105 (9.7%) parturients received PCEA, and 55 (5.1%) parturients received both EM and PCEA. Significantly more parturients from EM group requested supplementary analgesia than those from PCEA and PCEA + EM group (583, 63.4% vs 52, 49.5% vs 25, 45.5%, P = 0.001) with more times of supplementary analgesia (1, IQR: 0-2 vs 0, IQR: 0-1 vs 0, IQR: 0-1 times, P < 0.001) and larger amounts of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (50, IQR: 0-100mg vs 0, IQR: 0-50mg vs 0, IQR: 0-50mg, P < 0.001). In multivariable Logistic regression for the supplementary analgesia risk, the application of PCEA (OR: 0.557, 95%CI 0.396-0.783, P = 0.001) and the use of NSAIDs intraoperatively (OR: 2.996, 95%CI 1.811-4.957, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors. A total of 1040 (96.4%) patients received prophylactic antiemetic therapy during surgery. Only 13 (1.2%) and 7 (0.6%) patients in our cohort requested antiemetic and antipruritic drugs, respectively. The use of PCEA was an independent protective factor for supplementary analgesia during the post-cesarean section. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy may reduce the side effects of post-cesarean analgesia.

Characteristics and predictors of pain among women who underwent cesarean section in Fiji.

Aim: To identify the characteristics and predictors of post cesarean section (CS) pain among women.Materials & methods: This quantitative study was conducted at Labasa hospital in Fiji over a 6-month period. A total of312 mothers who received spinal, epidural and general anesthesia were included. Their pain score was assessed using the visual analogue scale24hpostoperatively.Results: 70.8% women had either moderate or severe pain on the visual analogue scale. About41.3% women expressed dissatisfaction with their pain management and 70.5% women had difficulties in performing activities due to pain. Lower parity was noted to be a positive predictor of pain among women undergoing CS.Conclusion: Adequate pain management for post-CS patient at Labasa hospital is lacking.

The role of TENS therapy in reducing the incidence of post-Caesarean section wound infection.

The occurrence of wound infection following a Caesarean section procedure poses a substantial clinical obstacle. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has been identified as a promising supplementary treatment option for improving the healing process and decreasing the incidence of infections. This study assessed the efficacy of TENS therapy in the postoperative care of patients who have had Caesarean section. We randomly assigned a total of 108 women who had Caesarean sections to either a TENS group (n = 54) or control (n = 54). The TENS therapy was provided twice daily for a duration of 30 min for the period of 14 days following the surgery. The main measure of interest in this study was the occurrence of wound infection during 30-day period. Additionally, secondary measures included the rate of wound healing, levels of pain experienced and level of patient satisfaction. In comparison to the control (22.2%, p < 0.05), the TENS group had notably reduced occurrence of wound infection, with the rate of 7.4%. TENS group had superior wound healing results, as measured by REEDA scale, at 7 days (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.5 ± 1.0, p < 0.04), 14 days (1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7, p < 0.05) and 30 days (0.3 ± 0.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6, p < 0.05). Furthermore, TENS group had reduced pain levels on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at all evaluation intervals (p < 0.05). TENS group exhibited significantly higher levels of patient satisfaction, as evidenced by 64.8% of participants rating high satisfaction, in contrast to 40.7% in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was found to be minor, as indicated by a skin irritation rate of 3.7% and reported discomfort rate of 1.9% at the electrode location. TENS therapy effectively decreased the occurrence of post-Caesarean wound infections, expedited the healing process and enhanced pain control. This treatment was well-received by patients and had little negative consequences. The aforementioned results provided evidence in favour of incorporating TENS into post-Caesarean care regimens, which may have significant consequences for improving patient outcomes and maximizing healthcare resources.

Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Post Sectio Caesarea

Birth can be done in two ways: normal or spontaneous delivery (born through the vagina) and abnormal delivery or delivery with the help of a procedure such as Caesarea Sectio (SC). In the process of cesarean section, surgery is performed, including cuts in the abdomen of the mother (laparatomy) and the uterus (histerectomy) to remove the baby. The study aims to identify nursing orphanages and pain disorders in patients with post-caesarean sections with therapeutic breathing relaxation techniques. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a case study approach on a single subject in the Sakura Room of RSUD H. Andi Depu. The results of this study obtained major and minor data at the time of post-operative examination patients complained of pain, shivering, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, and protective behavior. With the data of the study can be formulated nursing diagnosis with discomfort pain. The evaluation was obtained after being given nursing care for 3x24 hours, nursing problems with pain and comfort disorders were resolved. The conclusion is that providing breath relaxation therapy can reduce the pain scale of post-cesarean section patients.

Preventive Effect of Hydrocolloid Dressings on Hypertrophic Scarring of Post-Cesarean Section Wounds: A Randomized Pilot Study.

To determine the prophylactic effect of hydrocolloid dressings on hypertrophic scarring in post-cesarean section wounds. Patients who underwent cesarean section (C/S) at the authors' hospital and provided informed consent to participate were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group commenced applying hydrocolloid dressings to the wound on postoperative day 7 or 8 and continued with weekly dressing changes for 6 months. The control group refrained from any dressing application but was followed up. In each group, the condition of the wound was evaluated 6 and 12 months postoperatively using the Japan Scar Workshop Scar Scale 2015, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale version 2.0, the modified Vancouver Scar Scale, and patient-reported outcomes. During this period, 135 patients underwent C/S at the authors' institution, and 47 (23 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group) were included in the analysis. In all assessment methods, the intervention group scored lower than the control group at 6 and 12 months after C/S. Twelve months after C/S, hypertrophic scarring (Japan Scar Workshop Scar Scale 2015 score of 6-15) was found in 14 of the 47 (29.8%) patients: 11 of 24 (45.8%) in the control group and 3 of 23 (13.0%) in the intervention group. The intervention's relative risk was 0.623 (95% CI, 0.417-0.930). The risk factor for hypertrophic scarring was midline vertical incision, with an odds ratio of 20.53 (95% CI, 4.18-100.92). The study reveals that the application of hydrocolloid dressings to wounds reduces the risk of hypertrophic scarring after C/S.